Overviewofartificialintelligence電信**-*曲*電信**-*邵*人工智能

Haveyoueverseenthesemovies?Thesemoviesareallregardingtosomethingaboutartificialintelligence.Butthosearefiction,theyarebothhavetherobotcharacters.SoitmakesAIsoundalittlefictionaltous.Infact,AIisnotjustaboutrobots,itexistseverywhere.Dictionariesdefineintelligenceastheabilitytoacquire,understandandapplyknowledge,ortheabilitytoexercisethoughtandreason.Ofcourseintelligenceismorethanthis.Itembodiesalloftheknowledgeandfeats,bothconsciousandunconscious,whichwehaveacquiredthroughstudying.Whatisartificialintelligenceexactly?

SystemsthatthinklikehumansSystemsthatactlikehumansSystemsthatthinkrationallySystemsthatactrationallyViewsofAIfallintofourcategories:Theexcitingnewefforttomakecomputersthinks…machinewithminds,inthefullandliteralsense”(Haugeland1985)“Thestudyofmentalfacultiesthroughtheuseofcomputationalmodels”(Charniaketal.1985)“Theartofcreatingmachinesthatperformfunctionsthatrequireintelligencewhenperformedbypeople”(Kurzweil,1990)Afieldofstudythatseekstoexplainandemulateintelligentbehaviorintermsofcomputationalprocesses”(Schalkol,1990)MainGoalofAI

?Representandstoreknowledge（表示并存儲(chǔ)知識(shí)）?Retrieveandreasonaboutknowledge（知識(shí)檢索和思考）?Behaveintelligentlyincomplexenvironments（在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)智能）?Developinterestingandusefulapplications（開(kāi)發(fā)有趣和有用的應(yīng)用程序）?Interactwithpeople,agents,andtheenvironment（與人，機(jī)構(gòu)，環(huán)境相交流）FoundationsofAIAIComputerScience&EngineeringPhilosophyBiologyLinguisticsCognitiveSciencePsychologyEconomicsMathematicsEngineering:

Togetmachinestodoawidervarietyofusefulthings,e.g.,understandspokennaturallanguage,recognizeindividualpeopleinvisualscenes,findthebesttravelplanforyourvacation,CognitiveScience:

Asawaytounderstandhownaturalmindsandmentalphenomenawork,e.g.,memory,learning,language,visualperception.Philosophy:Asawaytoexploresomebasicandinteresting(andimportant)philosophicalquestions,e.g.,themindbodyproblem,whatisconsciousness.WhatCanAISystemsDoNow?

Herearesomeexampleapplications:Robots（機(jī)器人）FaceRecognition（人臉識(shí)別）IntelligentControl（智能控制）GeneticProgramming(基因工程）Planningandscheduling（計(jì)劃和調(diào)度）WhatCan’tAISystemsDo?Understandnaturallanguagerobustly

熟練理解自然語(yǔ)言Surftheweb(orawave)網(wǎng)上沖浪Interpretanarbitraryvisualscene解釋一個(gè)任意的視覺(jué)場(chǎng)景Learnanaturallanguage學(xué)習(xí)一種自然語(yǔ)言Refocusattentionincomplexenvironments復(fù)雜環(huán)境中重新集中注意Performlife-longlearning執(zhí)行終身學(xué)習(xí)Artificialintelligencebenefitsusinthefollowingaspects:

?Artificialintelligencelikecomputersorrobotscanimproveproductivityandefficiency.?Humanlaborsareliberatedfromdullordangerousjob.?Artificialintelligenceoffersmuchconveniencetohumanlife.?Artificialintelligencecanturnallhumandreamsintorealitywiththepromotionofscienceandtechnology.?EntertainingusWhatdosethedifferencebetweentheartificialintelligenceandhumanbeings?Alltheartificialintelligenceiscreatedbyhumanbeings.Artificialintelligencehavesolvedsomesmallproblemswhichpeoplecouldhavesolvedinotherways.Artificialintelligencearenotlivingorganisms,soitcannothavefeelings.AgreeRobotshavereplacedhumanbeingsinmanyaspectsofworkthatpeopledo,especiallythedangerousworkandsomehousework.Thiswillprobablyhappengraduallyoveraperiodoftime,butitisaninevitabletrend.

DisagreeRobotscanonlyreplacehumansindoingsomejobs,but:MadebypeopleNohuman

characteristicsWillrobotseverbeabletoreplacepeople?SummarizeArtificialintelligencecanbescriptedasanewscienceandtechnology,whichisusedtosimulatehumanintelligence.Wecan'tdenythefactthatartificialintelligenceisofgreatimportantnowadays.Therefore,whatweshoulddoistostudyhard,wi