Lecture3DictioninTranslation——DenotativeMeaningandConnotativeMeaning詞義選擇及其理據(jù)：概念內(nèi)涵與外延

Denotativevs.ConnotativeMeaningDenotation

isthesurfaceorliteralmeaningencodedtoasignifier,andthedefinitionmostlikelytoappearinadictionary.Connotation

isacommonlyunderstoodculturaloremotional

associationthatsomewordorphrasecarries,inadditiontotheword'sorphrase'sexplicitorliteralmeaning,whichisitsdenotation.E.g.man,woman,roseDenotative:human+male/female+adultConnotative?

ACaseStudyVeronicaHorstwasstungbyabee,anditshouldhaveproducednomorethanaminuteofannoyanceandpain,butshe,intheapparentbloomofhealthattheageoftwenty-nine,turnedouttobesusceptibletoanaphylacticshock,andnearlydied.Fortunately,herhusband,Gregor,waswithher,andthrewherfaintingbody,allbutblood-pressureless,intotheircarandspeededcareeningthroughtheheartoftowntothehospital,whereshewassaved.WhenLesMillerheardabouttheevent,fromhiswife,Lisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfromasessionofgossipandwomen’stennis,hewasstungbyjealousy:heandVeronicahadhadanaffairtheprevioussummer,andbytherightsofloveheshouldhavebeentheonetobewithherandsaveherheroically.Gregorevenhadthepresenceofmind,afterward,togoaroundtothelocalpoliceandexplainwhyhehadbeenspeedingandcareeningthroughstopsigns.“Itseemsincredible”,Lisainnocentlytoldherhusband,“thathereshe’snearlythirtyandapparentlyhasneverbeenstungbythebeesbefore,sonobodyknewshewouldreactthisway.AsachildIwasalwaysgettingstung,weren’tyou?”

FromJohnUpdike:DelicateWivesUnderstandingtheoriginaltextGenreToneMainideaMainCharaters:Twocouples:Gregor&VeronicaHorstLesMiller&LisaMainEvents:VeronicaHorstwasstungbyabee.Gregorsavedhiswife.LesMillerandVeronicaHorsthadanaffair.LesMillerwasstungbyjealousy.KeyWordsinTranslation…WhenLesMillerheardabouttheevent,fromhiswife,Lisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfromasessionofgossipandwomen’stennis,hewasstungbyjealousy:heandVeronicahadhadanaffairtheprevioussummer,andbytherightsofloveheshouldhavebeentheonetobewithherandsaveherheroically.Gregorevenhadthepresenceofmind,afterward,togoaroundtothelocalpoliceandexplainwhyhehadbeenspeedingandcareeningthroughstopsigns.

“Itseemsincredible”,Lisainnocentlytoldherhusband,“thathereshe’snearlythirtyandapparentlyhasneverbeenstungbythebeesbefore,sonobodyknewshewouldreact

this

way.AsachildIwasalwaysgettingstung,weren‘tyou?”FromJohnUpdike:DelicateWivesDictionFreshInnocentlyDelicateHusband——Milleraffair

Veronica

wife——Lisainnocently?WhenLesMillerheardabouttheevent,fromhiswife,Lisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfromasessionofgossipandwomen’stennis.hewasstungbyjealousy:heandVeronicahadhadanaffair

theprevioussummer,andbytherightsofloveheshouldhavebeentheonetobewithherandsaveherheroically…“Itseemsincredible”,Lisainnocentlytoldherhusband,“thathereshe’snearlythirtyandapparentlyhasneverbeenstungbythebeesbefore,sonobodyknewshewouldreactthisway…”（DelicateWives,byJohnUpdike）

Innocent

conceptualconnotativeframeworkdistinctivefeaturesfreefrom

moralwrong[無道德過錯/清白/圣潔]Freefrom

acrime[notguiltyof][無罪的]

Freefrom

responsibilityforanevent[無辜的]freefromcomplexity,affectedness,deceit,treachery,cunning[頭腦簡單/正直/天真的]freefrom

harm[無害的]OxfordAdvancedLearner’sE-CDictionaryOxfordIllustratedE-CDictionaryDictionInnocent:Lisaisfreefrom

??Discussion:freshdelicateFresh(continued)1.new

Thereportprovidesfreshevidenceaboutthewaythebusinesswasrun.2.newandinterestingRyanwillbringafreshapproachtothejob.3.recent

Theaccidentwasstillfreshinhermind.4.

afreshstartwhenyoustartsomethingagaininacompletelynewanddifferentwayafterbeingunsuccessful:IhopeJimandIcangetbacktogetherandmakeafreshstart.5.food/flowersa)freshfoodhasrecentlybeenpickedorprepared,andisnotfrozenorpreservedfreshfruit/vegetables/fish/breadetcb)freshflowershaverecentlybeenpicked6.freshair-airfromoutside,especiallycleanair:Let'sopenthewindowsandhavesomefreshairinhere!Fresh7.freshwater-freshwatercontainsnosaltandcomesfromriversandlakes[?saltwater]8.taste/smelletc[usuallybeforenoun] pleasantlycleanorcool:afreshmintytaste9.appearance

pleasant,bright,and[≠dull]:Thekitchenisdecoratedinfreshbluesandgreens.10.weather ifthewindisfresh,itisquitecoldandstrong:Afreshbreeze11.nottired[notusuallybeforenoun]fullofenergybecauseyouarenottired:Despitehisbusydayhearrivedlooking asfreshasadaisy(=nottiredandreadytodothings).12.freshfromsomethinga)alsofreshoutofsomething(AmericanEnglish)havingjustfinishedyoureducationortraining,andnothavingalotofexperience:He'sfreshoutoflawschool.b)havingjustcomefromaparticularplaceorexperience:TheteamisfreshfromtheirvictoryovertheFrench.FreshLisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfrom

asessionof

gossipandwomen’stennis.??delicate1.needingtobedealtwithcarefullyorsensitivelyinordertoavoidproblemsorfailure:There'ssomethingIhavetospeaktoyouabout-it'sadelicatematter.2.easilydamagedorbroken[=fragile]:delicate

hand-cutglassThesuncaneasilydamageachild's delicateskin.3.someonewhoisdelicateishurteasilyoreasilybecomesill:adelicatechild4.apartofthebodythatisdelicateisattractiveandgraceful:Herdelicatefeatures5.made

skillfullyandwithattentiontothesmallestdetails:aplatewithadelicatepatternofleaves6.ataste,smell,orcolourthatisdelicateispleasantandnotstrong:adelicatepinkDelicateDelicateWives??維羅妮卡·霍斯特被蜜蜂螫了一下，這本沒有什么大不了，只該給她造成片刻的煩惱和疼痛而已。在29歲這個年齡，維羅妮卡顯然正處健康的巔峰階段，不料，她卻易患過敏性休克，這一螫險些要了她的性命。幸好，丈夫格雷戈爾在她身邊，他趕緊把不省人事、氣息奄奄的維羅妮卡抱上他們的車，風(fēng)馳電掣、橫沖直撞地穿過鎮(zhèn)中心，將她送入醫(yī)院救治脫險。萊斯·米勒是從妻子莉莎那里聽說此事的。當時莉莎氣喘吁吁，容光煥發(fā)，剛和女伴們打完一場網(wǎng)球回來，少不了聊了一通家長里短的閑話。聽聞此事，萊斯被妒忌心所螫/醋意大發(fā)：去年夏天，萊斯和維羅妮卡曾有過一段情。籍愛之名，在維羅妮卡身邊，演繹英雄救美的，理應(yīng)是他呀。事后，格雷戈爾居然還有心情跑了一趟警察局，解釋他為何置停車信號于不顧而飛車過街?！斑@好像挺不可思議的，”不知隱情的莉莎跟丈夫說，“維羅妮卡都快三十了，明擺著，以前從來沒被螫過，所以誰都不會料到她的反應(yīng)會如此強烈。我小時候經(jīng)常被螫，你不也是嗎？”——約翰·厄普代克《嬌妻》

----重點落在“笑”

隱性處理“道”

更現(xiàn)人物神貌

《紅樓夢》譯例舉偶同一樣的笑道不一樣的譯道laugh:tomakethesoundsandmovementsofyourfacethatshowyouarehappyorthinksomethingisfunnysmile:tomakeasmileappearsonyourfacechuckle:tolaughquietlytitter:tolaughquietly,

especiallyinanervousorembarrassedwaybeam:tohaveabighappysmileonyourfacegrin:tosmilewildlychortle:laughloudlywithpleasureoramusement

“笑”

的外延與內(nèi)涵cackle:

（ofachicken）tolaughinaloudunpleasantwaygiggle:tolaughinasillyway

becauseyouareamused,embarrassedornervoussnigger:tolaughinaquietunpleasantway,

especiallyatsomethingrudeoratsomebody’sproblemsormistakes

“笑”

的外延與內(nèi)涵劉姥姥笑道：“別哄我了，茄子跑出這個味兒來了，我們也不用種糧食，只種茄子了?！?第四十一回)

*人物--沒有多少文化、但社會閱歷十分豐富的農(nóng)村婦女

*情景--二進大觀園時，有幸與賈母等人共同用餐

受寵若驚---得意忘形

giggle:tolaughinasillywaybecauseyouareamused,embarrassedornervous.cackle:（ofachicken）tolaughinaloudunpleasantway原指母雞生蛋后咯咯啼叫聲，又可引伸為人高聲談笑或發(fā)出刺耳的談笑聲。劉姥姥不懂得府的諸多禮節(jié)，談笑間不知不覺顯露出其本色。

“Don’ttrytofoolme,”cackledGrannyLiu.“Ifegg-planttastedlikethis,we’dstopgrowingothercropsjuststicktoegg-plant.”（ByY&D）金榮笑道：“許你們說話，難道不許我咳嗽不成？”(第九回)語境：“書房武斗”鬧劇之前，家學(xué)里的幾個學(xué)生私下里有了曖昧之意，另一個學(xué)生金榮則憤憤不平，總想拿住他們的把柄。一次，秦鐘和香憐假出小恭，溜至后院說體己話，金榮故意尾隨，咳嗽相激。

“Ifyoucantalkwhycan’tIcough?”JinRongsniggered.

陰損的笑，幸災(zāi)樂禍的笑

snigger:tolaughinaquietunpleasantway,especiallyatsomethingrudeoratsomebody’sproblemsormistakesgiggle:tolaughinasillywaybecauseyouareamused,embarrassedornervous.林黛玉聽了笑道：“你們聽聽，這是吃了他們家一點子茶葉，便來使喚人了?！兵P姐笑道:

“倒求你，你倒說這些閑話，吃茶吃水的。你既吃了我們家的茶，怎么還不給我們家做媳