版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
Chapter8:
ProjectQualityManagementTheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?Planning
QualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerforming
QualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement3TheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementManypeoplejokeaboutthepoorqualityofITproductsPeopleseemtoacceptsystemsbeingdownoccasionallyorneedingtoreboottheirPCs.ButqualityisveryimportantinmanyITprojectsTheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?Planning
QualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerforming
QualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement5WhatIsProjectQualityManagement?WhatIsQualityTheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)definesqualityas“thedegreetowhichasetofinherentcharacteristicsfulfilsrequirements”(ISO9000:2000).Otherexpertsdefinequalitybasedon:Conformancetorequirements:Theproject’sprocessesandproductsmeetwrittenspecifications.Fitnessforuse:Aproductcanbeusedasitwasintended.Notonlyfocusmeetingthewrittenrequirements,butalsothestakeholder,especiallythemaincustomer’sneedsandexpectationsfortheproject.6ProjectQualityManagement?Projectqualitymanagementensuresthattheprojectwillsatisfytheneedsforwhichitwasundertaken.Processesinclude:Planningqualitymanagement:Identifyingwhichqualitystandardsarerelevanttotheprojectandhowtosatisfythem;ametricisastandardofmeasurementPerformingqualityassurance:Periodicallyevaluatingoverallprojectperformancetoensuretheprojectwillsatisfytherelevantqualitystandards.Performingqualitycontrol:Monitoringspecificprojectresultstoensurethattheycomplywiththerelevantqualitystandards.7ProjectqualitymanagementsummaryTheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?PlanningQualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerforming
QualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement9PlanningQualityQualityplanningimpliestheabilitytoanticipatesituationsandprepareactionstobringaboutthedesiredoutcome.Thecurrentthrustinmodemqualitymanagementisthepreventionofdefects.Importanttopreventdefectsby:Selectingpropermaterials.Trainingandindoctrinatingpeopleinquality.Planningaprocessthatensurestheappropriateoutcome.10ScopeAspectsofITProjectsFunctionalityisthedegreetowhichasystemperformsitsintendedfunction.Featuresarethesystem’sspecialcharacteristicsthatappealtousers.System
outputsarethescreensandreportsthesystemgenerates.Performanceaddresseshowwellaproductorserviceperformsthecustomer’sintendeduse.Reliabilityistheabilityofaproductorservicetoperformasexpectedundernormalconditions.Maintainabilityaddressestheeaseofperformingmaintenanceonaproduct.TheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?PlanningQualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerforming
QualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement12QualityAssuranceQualityassuranceincludesalltheactivitiesrelatedtosatisfyingtherelevantqualitystandardsforaproject.Anothergoalofqualityassuranceiscontinuousqualityimprovement.ToolsusedinqualityassuranceBenchmarkinggeneratesideasforqualityimprovementsbycomparingspecificprojectpracticesorproductcharacteristicstothoseofotherprojectsorproductswithinoroutsidetheperformingorganization.Aqualityauditisastructuredreviewofspecificqualitymanagementactivitiesthathelpidentifylessonslearnedthatcouldimproveperformanceoncurrentorfutureprojects.TheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?PlanningQualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerformingQualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement14PerformingQualityControlThemainoutputsofqualitycontrolare:AcceptancedecisionsReworkProcessadjustmentsTheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?Planning
QualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerforming
QualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement16ToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlSeventoolsCause-and-effectdiagramsControlchartsChecksheetScatterdiagramHistogramsParetochartsFlowchartsStatisticalsamplingSixSigmaTesting17SampleFishboneorIshikawaDiagram18SampleQualityControlChart19SampleParetoDiagram20TestingManyITprofessionalsthinkoftestingasastagethatcomesneartheendofITproductdevelopment.TestingshouldbedoneduringalmosteveryphaseoftheITproductdevelopmentlifecycle.21TestingTasksintheSoftwareDevelopmentLifeCycle22TypesofTestsUnittestingtestseachindividualcomponent(oftenaprogram)toensureitisasdefect-freeaspossible.Integrationtestingoccursbetweenunitandsystemtestingtotestfunctionallygroupedcomponents.Systemtestingteststheentiresystemasoneentity.Useracceptancetestingisanindependenttestperformedbyenduserspriortoacceptingthedeliveredsystem.23GanttChartforBuildingTestingintoaSystemsDevelopmentProjectPlan24TestingAloneIsNotEnoughWattsS.Humphrey,arenownedexpertonsoftwarequality,definesasoftwaredefectasanythingthatmustbechangedbeforedeliveryoftheprogram.Testingdoesnotsufficientlypreventsoftwaredefectsbecause:Thenumberofwaystotestacomplexsystemishuge.Userswillcontinuetoinventnewwaystouseasystemthatitsdevelopersneverconsidered.Humphreysuggeststhatpeoplerethinkthesoftwaredevelopmentprocesstoprovidenopotentialdefectswhenyouentersystemtesting;developersmustberesponsibleforprovidingerror-freecodeateachstageoftesting.TheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?Planning
QualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerforming
QualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement26ModernQualityManagementModernqualitymanagement:Requirescustomersatisfaction.Preferspreventiontoinspection.Recognizesmanagementresponsibilityforquality.Noteworthyqualityexpertsinclude:Deming,whowasfamousforhisworkinrebuildingJapanandhis14PointsforManagementJuran,whowrotetheQualityControlHandbookandtenstepstoqualityimprovement.Crosby,whowroteQualityisFreeandsuggestedthatorganizationsstriveforzerodefects.Ishikawa,whodevelopedtheconceptsofqualitycirclesandfishbonediagrams.Taguchi,whodevelopedmethodsforoptimizingtheprocessofengineeringexperimentation.Feigenbaum,whodevelopedtheconceptoftotalqualitycontrol.TheImportanceofProjectQualityManagementWhatIsProjectQualityManagement?Planning
QualityPerformingQualityAssurancePerforming
QualityControlToolsandTechniquesforQualityControlModernQualityManagementImprovingITProjectQualityUsingSoftwaretoAssistinProjectQualityManagementChapter8:
ProjectQualityManagement28ImprovingInformationTechnologyProjectQualitySeveralsuggestionsforimprovingqualityforITprojectsinclude:Establishleadershipthatpromotesquality.Understandthecostofquality.Focusonorganizationalinfluencesandworkplacefactorsthataffectquality.Followmaturitymodels.29LeadershipAsJosephM.Juransaidin1945,“Itismostimportantthattopmanagementbequality-minded.Intheabsenceofsinceremanifestationofinterestatthetop,littlewillhappenbelow.”Alargepercentageofqualityproblemsareassociatedwithmanagement,nottechnicalissues.30TheCostofQualityThecostofqualityisthecostofconformanceplusthecostofnonconformance.Conformancemeansdeliveringproductsthatmeetrequirementsandfitnessforuse.Costofnonconformancemeanstakingresponsibilityforfailuresornotmeetingqualityexpectations.AstudyreportedthatsoftwarebugscosttheU.S.economy$59.6billioneachyearandthatonethirdofthebugscouldbeeliminatedbyanimprovedtestinginfrastructure31FiveCostCategoriesRelatedtoQualityPreventioncost:Costofplanningandexecutingaprojectsoitiserror-freeorwithinanacceptableerrorrange.Appraisalcost:Costofevaluatingprocessesandtheiroutputstoensurequality.Internalfailurecost:Costincurredtocorrectanidentifieddefectbeforethecustomerreceivestheproduct.Externalfailurecost:Costthatrelatestoallerrorsnotdetectedandcorrectedbeforedeliverytothecustomer.Measurementandtestequipmentcosts:Capitalcostofequipmentusedtoperformpreventionandappraisalactivities.32OrganizationalInfluences,WorkplaceFactors,andQualityStudybyDeMarcoandListershowedthatorganizationalissueshadamuchgreaterinfluenceonprogrammerproductivitythanthetechnicalenvironmentorprogramminglanguages.Programmerproductivityvariedbyafactorofonetotenacrossorganizations,butonlyby21percentwithinthesameorganization.Studyfoundnocorrelationbetweenproductivityandprogramminglanguage,yearsofexperience,orsalary.Adedicatedworkspaceandaquietworkenvironmentwerekeyfactorstoimprovingprogrammerproductivity.Majorproblemswithworkperformanceandprojectfailuresarenottechnologicalinnature,theyaresociologicalinnature.Minimizingofficepoliticsandgivesmartpeoplephysicalspace,intellectualresponsibility,andstrategicdirection33ExpectationsandCultureDifferenceinQualityProjectmanagersmustunderstandandmanagestakeholderexpectations.Manyaspectsofqualitycanbeclearlydefinedandmeasured,manycannot.Differentprojectsponsors,andotherstakeholdershavedifferentexpectationsaboutvariousaspectsofprojects.It’sveryimportanttounderstandtheseexpectationsandmanageanyconflictsthatmightoccurduetodifferenceinexpectations.Expectationsalsovaryby:Organization’scultureGeographicregions34MaturityModelsMaturitymodelsareframeworksforhelpingorganizationsimprovetheirprocessesandsystems.SoftwareQualityFunctionDeploymentModelfocusesondefininguserrequirementsandplanningsoftwareprojects.CapabilityMaturityModelisafive-levelmodellayingoutagenericpathtoprocessimprovementforsoftwaredevelopmentinorganizations.CapabilityMaturityModelIntegration(CMMI)isreplacingtheolderCMMratingsandaddressessoftwareengineering,systemengineering,andprogrammanagement.CompaniesmaynotgettobidongovernmentprojectsunlesstheyhaveaCMMILevel3.PMI’sMaturityModelPMIreleasedtheOrganizationalProjectManagementMaturityModel(OPM3)inDecember2003.Modelisbasedonmarketresearchsurveyssenttomorethan30,000projectmanagementprofessionalsandincorporates180bestpracticesandmorethan2,400capabilities,outcomes,andkeyperformanceindicators.Addressesstandardsforexcellenceinproject,program,andportfoliomanagementbestpracticesandexplainsthecapabilitiesnecessarytoachievethosebestpractices35MaturityModelsMaturitymodelsareframeworksforhelpingorganizationsimprovetheirprocessesandsystems.SoftwareQualityFunctionDeployment(SQFD)Modelfocusesondefininguserrequirementsandplanningsoftwareprojects.CapabilityMaturityModelisafive-levelmodellayingoutagenericpathtoprocessimprovementforsoftwaredevelopmentinorganizations.CapabilityMaturityModelIntegration(C
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間，僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理，對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2025國考赤峰市科研技術(shù)崗位申論題庫含答案
- 2025國考國家文物局行測言語理解與表達高頻考點及答案
- 2025國考天津金融監(jiān)管局申論對策建議高頻考點及答案
- 2025國考大連金融監(jiān)管局申論必刷題及答案
- 考點解析人教版八年級上冊物理《聲現(xiàn)象》章節(jié)練習(xí)試題（含詳細解析）
- 怎么下載會計管理制度
- 意義活動策劃方案
- 考點解析-人教版八年級上冊物理聲現(xiàn)象《聲音的特性聲的利用》專項測評試題（含答案及解析）
- 2025國考安徽統(tǒng)計局申論貫徹執(zhí)行高頻考點及答案
- 2025國考河南稅務(wù)局申論大作文高頻考點及答案
- 山東省名?？荚嚶?lián)盟2026屆高三上學(xué)期10月階段性檢測數(shù)學(xué)試卷（含答案）
- 基于IPv9技術(shù)的商務(wù)港交易平臺構(gòu)建：設(shè)計、實現(xiàn)與展望
- 江浙皖高中（縣中）發(fā)展共同體2025-2026學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月聯(lián)考技術(shù)試題（含答案）
- 2026年國網(wǎng)山東省電力公司高校畢業(yè)生提前批招聘（約450人）考試參考試題及答案解析
- 電動牽引車司機安全培訓(xùn)課件
- 2025年全國應(yīng)急管理普法知識競賽試題庫及答案
- 2025秋季安徽合肥市建投集團招聘20人筆試備考題庫及答案解析
- 創(chuàng)意筆筒產(chǎn)品設(shè)計與制作方案
- 人保新員工崗前考試試題及答案解析
- 2025公務(wù)員考試《常識》高分題庫完美版附答案詳解
- 裝修直播培訓(xùn)課課件
評論
0/150
提交評論