退出Grammar執(zhí)教老師：黃秋鳳AnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheReadingpart:(1)Howwereblackstreatedinthesouthernstatesinthe1950s?Theywerenottreatedasequalcitizens.(2)Howwereblacksseparatedfromwhitepeople?Theywereseparatedfromwhitepeopleinshops,restaurants,hospitalsandonbusesandtrains.(3)Howwereblackchildreneducated?Theywereeducatedinseparateschools.(4)Whatwasdonein1964togiveblackpeopletherighttovote?AnewCivilRightswaspassedin1964togiveblackpeopletherighttovote.1.Theywerenottreatedasequalcitizens.2.Theywereseparatedfromwhitepeopleinshops,restaurants,hospitalsandonbusesandtrains.3.Theywereeducatedinseparateschools.4.AnewCivilRightswaspassedin1964togiveblackpeopletherighttovote.二．被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

be+過去分詞（人稱.數(shù).時態(tài)的變化都體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上）PASSIVEVOICE退出一．

語態(tài)語態(tài)是表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系的。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，動詞要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞就要用被動語態(tài)。ClickhereHisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day.主謂賓(受動者)Bowlsare

washedbyhis

brother

every

day.改為被動語態(tài)退出時間現(xiàn)在過去一般時進行時完成時bedone(is/am/are)bebeingdone(is/am/are)bedone(was/were)bebeingdone(was/were)將來will/shallbedonewill/shallhavebeendonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone過去將來would/shouldbedonewould/shouldhavebeendone情態(tài)動詞can/may/mustbedone1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時：S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時：S+was/were+過去分詞3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時：S+will+be+過去分詞4．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情態(tài)動詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞5.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進行時：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞6.I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.過去進行時：

S+was/were+being+過去分詞7.We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時：

S+have/has+been+過去分詞1.Flowers___________onthecarsinthestreetbyagroupofcivilactivists.2.Speeches_______________infrontofthecityhall.werepaintedwerebeingmadeExercises3.Astatement__________onespeakerwhichsaidthatrulesareunfair.4.Morethan100demonstrations______________thepolice.5.Thecivilrightsactivists____________prisonbythepolice.wasreadbywerearrestedbywereputinto6.

Thisday____________________bythepeopleofthecity.willneverbeforgotten語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時要注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)

注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.

一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

退出3.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.

Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.

Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).若賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加“to”。此類動詞為感官動詞:

lookat,observe,see,notice,watch;make,let,have,hear,listento,feel等。巧記：這些動詞為“五看三使役，兩聽一感覺”退出4.Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.

5.—Doyoulikethematerial?

—Yes,it

(feel)verysoft.感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，smell,look,seem,taste,sound等。feels下列情況主動句不能改為被動句Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

6.Thiskindofcloth

(wash)well.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。washes7.WorldWarII

(breakout)

in1937.brokeout表示“發(fā)生、進行”等的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,last,cometrue,runout,turnout,belongto等以主動形式表示被動意義。

8.Theshop

(open)at6am.everyday．表示“開始、結(jié)束、運動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run...)opens9.(1)Thebuilding

nextyearisournewlibrary(2)Thebuilding

nowisournewlibrary.(3)Thebuilding

lastyearisournewlibrary.tobebuiltbeingbuiltbuilt非謂語動詞的被動形式

beingdone(表動作正在被進行)

havingbeendone(表動作已經(jīng)被進行)

tobedone(表動作將要被做)

tohavebeendone(表動作到將來某時將已經(jīng)被完成)

done(表動作已經(jīng)被完成)

(build)非謂語動詞的被動情況10.Yourjacketneeds

.(wash)want/need/require作“需要”講時后接動名詞作賓語時，用主動式表被動義；當然也可接不定式的被動式作賓語。washingtobewashed11.Thebookisworth

.(read)beworth后常接動名詞，用主動表示被動義．reading12.Thebookisdifficult

(understand)反射不定式，不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語,且和句子的主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時,用主動式表被動義。

(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,light,comfortable,safe)tounderstand13.Iwillgivehimsomething

(drink)不定式作后置定語,與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時,用主動式表被動義。todrinkHomework高考調(diào)研(1)law(n.)--(n.)(2)separate(v.)--(n.)(3)politics(n.)--(adj.)(4)marry(v.)--(n.)(5)equal(adj.)--(n.)(6)achieve(v.)--(n.)lawyerseparationpoliticalmarriageequalityachievementChangetheformsofthefollowingwords:1.

Completethesentenceswithproperwordsfromthereadingpassage.Thefirstletterhasbeengiven.

(1)S______isthesystembywhichsomepeopleareownedbyothersasslaves.lavery(2)Fiftyyearsago,mixed-racemarriagesweref________.(3)Thepolicea______RosaParks,ablackwomanwhorefusedtogiveherseattoawhiteman.(4)Civilrightsfightersd________thatblackswouldbetreatedequally.orbiddenrrestedemanded(5)DuringtheSecondWorldWar,from1937to1945,thereweremanyorganisedb_______ofJapane