高中英語語法--過去完成時(shí)分析+練習(xí)過去完成時(shí)1．意義和構(gòu)成：過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動作之前已完成的動作或狀態(tài)(亦可以說是“過去的過去”)。過去完成時(shí)由“had＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。HehadalreadybeentoNewYorkearlierintheweek.本周早些時(shí)候他去過紐約。Janehadjustleftwhenyourang.你打電話時(shí)簡剛走。Thecountryhadnotyetrecoveredfromtheeffectsofthewar.這個(gè)國家尚未從戰(zhàn)爭的影響下復(fù)原。2．過去完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示較早的過去表示較早的過去，即某一時(shí)刻之前已完成的動作或狀態(tài)。Afterwehadlanded，theplanewassearchedthoroughly.我們降落后，飛機(jī)被徹底搜查了一遍。Whensheheardthatherfatherhaddiedintheaccident，sheburstoutcrying.當(dāng)她聽說她父親在這次事故中喪生時(shí)便大哭起來。(2)用于間接引語過去完成時(shí)的作用有時(shí)完全相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過去形式，在間接引語中多有這種情況。Helensaid(that)shehadmovedtoanotherflat.海倫說她已搬到另一套公寓去了。(3)用于賓語從句過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去的動作先于另一個(gè)過去動作的用法，多見于賓語從句。一般說來，主句中用了know(知道)，realize(意識到)，think(認(rèn)為)，suppose(猜想)，guess(推測)，find(找到)，discover(發(fā)現(xiàn))，decide(決定)，remember(想起)，forget(忘記)等動詞的一般過去時(shí)，如果賓語從句中的動作先于主句的動作，通常用過去完成時(shí)。Werealizedwehadlostourway.我們意識到我們迷路了。Ididn’tthinktoaskherifshehadpassedherexamination.我沒有想問她是否考試及格了。(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動作的完成IbegancollectingstampsinFebruaryandbyNovemberIhadcollectedmorethan2,000.我從2月份開始集郵，到11月已收集到2000多枚。Bysixo’clocktheyhadworkedfor8hours.到6點(diǎn)鐘他們已經(jīng)工作了8小時(shí)了。(可能還沒結(jié)束)(5)用于虛擬語氣過去完成時(shí)的這一用法，常見于虛擬語氣句中。Ifonlywehadlistenedtotheiradvice!我們要是聽了他們的建議就好了！I’dratheryouhadn’tbeenpresent.我寧愿你當(dāng)時(shí)不在場。IfIhadaskedfordirections，Iwouldn’thavegottenlost.如果我問一下路，就不會迷失方向了。(6)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算和意圖過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，只適用于下列動詞：expect(期待)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，mean(打算)，suppose(料想)，think(認(rèn)為)，want(想要)等。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.我們原本希望你會來拜訪我們。Ihadmeanttotakeagoodholidaythisyear，butIwasnotabletoleave.我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脫不開身。(7)過去完成時(shí)還可用于某些固定句型中：hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，Itwasthefirsttimethat...等。Itwasthefirsttimethatthegirlhadtalkedtoafamousastronaut.這是女孩第一次和一位著名宇航員進(jìn)行交談。Hardlyhadhegothomewhenhebegantogooverhislessons.他一回到家就開始復(fù)習(xí)功課。Nosoonerhadtheyarrivedthantheywereaskedtoaparty.他們剛一到達(dá)就被叫到了一個(gè)派對上。3．過去完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：(1)過去完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)用于同一個(gè)句子中表示過去事件發(fā)生的順序。WhenIarrived，sheleft.(Iarrivedandthensheleft.)我到達(dá)時(shí)她離開了。WhenIarrived，shehadleft.(SheleftbeforeIarrived.)我到達(dá)之前她離開了。(2)過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即：過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。Hestudiedtheretwoyearsago.兩年前他在那兒學(xué)習(xí)。(離現(xiàn)在兩年)Hesaidhehadstudiedtheretwoyearsago.他說他在那兒學(xué)習(xí)了兩年。(離他說話時(shí)兩年)(3)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前所連續(xù)發(fā)生的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動作時(shí)，一般用and，then，but按照動作的先后順序連接，此時(shí)通常用一般過去時(shí)而不用過去完成時(shí)。Hesaidhewenttheshopandboughtsomefood.他說他去商店買了一些食品。INCLUDEPICTURE"E:\\徐圣哲\\2023\\同步\\英語\\外研選擇性必修1新教材\\WORD\\達(dá)標(biāo)檢測.tif"INCLUDEPICTURE"E:\\徐圣哲\\2023\\同步\\英語\\外研選擇性必修1新教材\\WORD\\達(dá)標(biāo)檢測.tif"INETINCLUDEPICTURE"E:\\徐圣哲\\2023\\同步\\英語\\外研選擇性必修1新教材\\WORD\\達(dá)標(biāo)檢測.tif"INETINCLUDEPICTURE"E:\\徐圣哲\\2023\\同步\\英語\\外研選擇性必修1新教材\\WORD\\達(dá)標(biāo)檢測.tif"INET4.練習(xí)Ⅰ.選詞填空1．Whenwearrived，thoseexperts____(haveleft/hadleft)thevillage.2．He_____(hadworked/worked)therefortwoheisinChina.3．Thegirl_____(hadvisited/willvisit)herteacherwhenshegetsthere.4．Hetoldusthathe______(hadplanted/planted)morethan200treesalready.5．Itwasthesecondtimethathe______(hastalked/hadtalked)toaforeigner.leftvisit4.hadplanted5.hadtalkedⅡ.完成句子1.到上學(xué)期期末為止，我已經(jīng)學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語單詞。2.當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，劉紅已經(jīng)回家了。3.當(dāng)媽媽到家時(shí)，我已經(jīng)做了十道數(shù)學(xué)題。4.老師問我們是否做完了作業(yè)。5.他說這個(gè)地方他已經(jīng)參觀過兩次了。1．Ihadlearned2,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.2．Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom，LiuHonghadgonehome.3．Whenmymothergothome，Ihadalreadydone10mathsproblems.4．Theteacheraskedifwehadfinisheddoingourhomework.5．Hesaidthathehadvisitedtheplacetwicealready.Ⅲ.單句語法填空1．HowmanyEnglishnovels____you_____(read)sofar?2．Whenwegottothestation，thetrain_____(leave)already.3．He______(learn)3,000wordsbeforehewenttoEngland.4．Theoldmantoldusthathe_____(travel)tomanyplaces.5．Itwasthethirdtimethathe______(see)suchalargeanimal.6．He______(plan)tohelphisfriend，buthewastoobusythen.7．Hardly___he____(begin)hisspeechwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.8．Ididn’tknowathingaboutverbs，forI______(not，study)mylessons.9．Edison_____(build)achemistrylabbythetimehewasten.10．ImetWangHuainthestreet_____(not，see)eachotherforalongtime.1.have;readleftlearnedtravelled5.hadseen6.hadplanned;begun’tstudiedbuilt’tseenⅣ.單句寫作11．那是他第一次來到一個(gè)這么大的城市。(come)Itwasthefirsttimethathehadcometosuchabigcity.12．那天他告訴我們，他已經(jīng)決定放棄那個(gè)計(jì)劃了。(tell)Hetoldusthathehaddecidedtogiveupthatplanthatday.13．近幾年這個(gè)村里發(fā)生了很大變化。(takeplace)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthisvillageinrecentyears.14．現(xiàn)在他在北京居住。他在美國待過兩年。(live)Nowhe’slivinginstayedintheAmericafortwoyears.15．她剛剛做完作業(yè)，媽媽就讓她彈鋼琴。(finish)Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertoplaythepiano.Ⅴ.語法填空Whenmyunclewasyoung，heansweredthecallandwenttothatdistantislandwithhistooksomebooksaswellassomeseedswith(arrive)atthebeautifulisland，hebecameinterestedintheplantswhichwerenativetheoftenobservedtheminhisspare，mostofhisclassmatesreturnedtothecity，whilemyunclechose(stay)onthatgrandfatherwasangrythatheblamedhimforitmanytimesonthe，myuncledidn’tchangehisgrandfatherevenconsideredhimasdisgracetothewholefamily.Myuncleworkedhardinthehisfreetime，hewentonstudyingthecharacteristicsofthoseevenhadsomesamples(place)inhisatthattimehebegantothinkabouthowtheyevolvedfromtheirhisstudy(generate)noincome，hewascrazyaboutoftenusedsomeprimitivemethodstocarryouthisexperiments,(detect)howtheseedsgrewintosometallwasatimethenumberofthoseplantswasonthemanagedtofindoutthereasonandcameupwithanewwaytosolvethe，heachievedalotinthispeoplehadsuspectedhimofhistalent，buthesucceeded!Hewas(absolute)alegend!arriving2.to3.