SPACEEXPLORATIONKEYWORDSarguefor...

為……而爭(zhēng)論，(贊成……)argueagainst爭(zhēng)辯(反對(duì)……)arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.與某人爭(zhēng)辯某事【詞性變形】argument

n.爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)辯；論點(diǎn)arguable

adj.

可論證的;有論據(jù)的;無(wú)把握的argumentativeadj.好爭(zhēng)論的;愛(ài)辯論的【拓展用法】o/outofdoingsth.說(shuō)服某人做(不做)某事It’sbeyondargumentthat

無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的是……argue

vt.&vi.爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)辯;論證argue

vt.&vi.爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)辯;論證表示“說(shuō)服……做……”的其他表達(dá)形式。①persuadesb.todosth.

②odoingsth.③convincesb.todosth.

④odoingsth.聯(lián)想歸納1.試譯：她主張應(yīng)該讓野生動(dòng)物留在野外生活，而不能用于娛樂(lè)或廣告。argue

vt.&vi.爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)辯;論證Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.2.介詞填空①Heargued________smoking，andinsistedthatitwas_______argumentthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth.②Myyoungersisterthinksshecanargueherfather________increasinghermonthlypocketmoney.③Guncontrolisasubject________whichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.againstbeyond

intoabout

adj.好奇的becuriousabout對(duì)…好奇

becurioustodosth.好奇做某事【詞性變形】

滿足某人的好奇心__________________________

喚起某人關(guān)于…的好奇心__________________________

出于好奇心__________________________好奇地__________________________

curioussatisfyone’scuriosityarouseone’scuriosityabout…outofcuriositywithcuriosity=curiouslyvt.查明;確定;決定【詞性變形】determinedadj.有決心的,意志堅(jiān)定的determinationn.

決定,確定withdetermination堅(jiān)定地決心做某事:determinedeterminetodosth.[強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作]

bedeterminedtodosth.[強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)]adeterminedlook堅(jiān)定的眼神determine1.(2019·天津高考)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.2.(P40)However，somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace._____________tohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace,somescientistsdevotealltheirenergiesto…3.Makecontinuedand______________effortstofindcasesofCOVID-19.Determineddeterminedvt.&n.發(fā)射；發(fā)起；上市①Theenemylaunchedanattackagain._______________②ThenewmodelwillbelaunchedinJuly._______________③Chinawilllaunchanothersatelliteintospace._____________④TheofficiallaunchdateisinMay._____________launch發(fā)起,發(fā)動(dòng)（活動(dòng)）（新產(chǎn)品）推出；上市；發(fā)行（航天器）發(fā)射上市，發(fā)行n.(環(huán)繞地球、太陽(yáng)等運(yùn)行的)軌道；勢(shì)力范圍vt.&vi.沿軌道運(yùn)行；環(huán)繞……運(yùn)行①Anewsatellitehasbeenputintoorbitaroundtheearth.____②Youshouldcomewithinhisorbit.________③Theearthtakeayeartoorbitthesun.__________orbit軌道勢(shì)力范圍環(huán)繞……運(yùn)行n.跳躍;劇增;劇變v.跳過(guò);躍過(guò)(leapt--leapt[lept];leaped--leaped)leap三思而后行________________________匆忙下結(jié)論…;貿(mào)然斷定…________________________趕緊站起來(lái)________________________

look

beforeyouleapjump/leaptotheconclusionthat…

leaptoone’sfeetadj.失望的；沮喪的disappointeddisappointvt.使失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.失望；沮喪；令人失望的事(或人)n.渴望;欲望vt.

渴望;期望

【詞性變形】

desirable

adj.令人滿意的;值得要的

desired

adj.渴望的;想得到的

desiretodo

渴望做……

desirethat..希望(從句中用shoulddo結(jié)構(gòu),should可以省略)

adesireforsth. 渴望…

desiresignal[to]sb.todosth.示意某人做某事trafficsignals:交通信號(hào)燈闖紅燈

_____________________區(qū)分形近詞：sign[sa?n]:v.簽署;簽字n.標(biāo)志;跡象;招牌;指示牌sigh[sa?]:v.嘆息;嘆氣n.嘆息;嘆氣sight[sa?t]:n.看見(jiàn);視力;視野signalrun/jumptheredlightcarryon

(P41)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.carryon繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持干=continuetodocarryonsth.carryonwithsth.carryondoingsth.onboard(P41)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.在宇宙飛船上在火車上在船上在飛機(jī)上黑板董事會(huì)◆形近詞語(yǔ)·broadadj.寬的；廣闊的·abroadadv.在國(guó)外；到國(guó)外atabroad在國(guó)外goabroad去國(guó)外recycleInspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.n.___________回收利用；循環(huán)使用

re-(動(dòng)詞前綴)+cycle(詞根)→recyclenew

adj.新的→renewv.使更新；重新開(kāi)始placev.放；置→replacevt.取代；放回movev.移動(dòng)→removevt.移開(kāi)；挪走

usevt.使用→reusevt.再利用

buildv.建；建造→rebuildv.重建

re-+adj.___________可再循環(huán)的；可回收利用的

recyclablerecyclingrecyclingsystem回收系統(tǒng)Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspacedueto

thelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,wichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.

（a）lackof缺少forlackof因?yàn)槿狈Α璴acksth.缺乏……belackingin缺乏……（adj.）lacklack①n.缺乏；短缺（通常用單數(shù)）②vt.沒(méi)有；缺乏（不用于被動(dòng)）lackingadj.沒(méi)有，匱乏，不在場(chǎng)（in）beyondSendingpeopletootherplanetsoreven

beyond

thesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal________________(achieve).

toachievebeyondprep.

在......較遠(yuǎn)的一邊

超出(時(shí)間，數(shù)量，水平，范圍）除......以外（否/疑問(wèn)句）

adv.再更遠(yuǎn)處，更往后 beyond常用詞快beyond[one’s]comprehension超出某人理解能力beyondcompare無(wú)與倫比beyondrepair:無(wú)法修復(fù)without/beyonddoubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn);的確beyondexpression無(wú)法形容，表達(dá)不出beyond/above/outofone’sreach:在摸/夠/拿不到的地方Itisbeyondsbthat/why…:使某人無(wú)法理解/想象…eg:It'squitebeyondmewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.figureout弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白;計(jì)算動(dòng)詞+out:carryout執(zhí)行，履行

giveout用完,耗盡,分發(fā)makeout看清,聽(tīng)清,理解

pickout精心挑選，辨別出setout出發(fā)動(dòng)身,開(kāi)始工作sortout整理，把…安排好workout解決,計(jì)算,鍛煉身體,成功發(fā)展blockout擋住[光線/聲音]tryout測(cè)試,實(shí)驗(yàn)sufficientadj.足夠的；充足的sufficiencyn.足夠；充分sufficientlyadv.

足夠地；充分地短語(yǔ)識(shí)記besufficientfor對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)是足夠的besufficienttodosth.足夠做某事observe

1.observesb._____(do)sth.看到…做了某事(全過(guò)程)_____(do)sth.看到…正在做某事_____(do)sth.看到某人被…在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式todo中的to要還原dodoingdone[主動(dòng)][被動(dòng)]1.WhenIpassedhishouse，Iobservedhim________(play)inhisyard.2.Heisoftenobserved__________(cheat)atcards(作弊).3._____________(observe)carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.4.Weobservetheblackboard________(clean)justnow.5.Whenwedrivebackhometo__________________________(慶祝春節(jié)),wemust______________________________(遵守交通規(guī)則)．playingtocheatObservecleanedobservetheSpringFestivalobservethetrafficrulesadj.坦率的；直言不諱的be

outspoken

in

…在…方面直言不諱e.g.

She

was

outspoken

in

her

criticism

of

the

plan.

她直言不諱地批評(píng)該計(jì)劃。【構(gòu)詞法】outspoken是由詞組speak

out（公開(kāi)反對(duì)）轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的合成形容詞。類似的adj還有：e.g.

stand

out出色，杰出——

outstanding

adj.杰出的

wear

out用壞，用盡——

outworn

adj.過(guò)時(shí)的，無(wú)用的

cast

out把…趕走，驅(qū)逐

——

outcast

adj.被驅(qū)逐的，被拋棄的

outspokenvt.尊敬，尊重respect

respectsb.forsth.因某事尊敬某人e.g.

Weallrespecthimforhisbraveryinthewar.

我們都為他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的勇氣而尊重他。

Respect

yourself,

or

no

one

else

will

respect

you.

君須自敬，人乃敬之。

show/haverespectforsb.

對(duì)…表示尊敬

win/gain/earn

the

respect

of

sb.贏得某人的尊重

e.g.

We

should

show

respect

for

our

parents.

我們應(yīng)該尊敬我們的父母。n.1）尊敬，尊重respect

outofrespect 出于對(duì)…的尊敬

e.g.

Out

of

respect

for

her

family,

the

affair

was

not

reported

in

the

media.

出于對(duì)她家人的尊敬，這件事沒(méi)有被媒體報(bào)道

inthisrespect/insomerespects/inallrespects在這方面/某些方面/所有方面

e.g.

Thisproposalisexcellentinallrespects.

這個(gè)提議在各個(gè)方面都是完美的。n.2）方面；細(xì)節(jié)；問(wèn)候（pl）respect【詞性變形】respectableadj.值得尊敬的,體面的

Hecamefromaperfectlyrespectablemiddle-classfamily.

respectfuladj.

尊敬人的/有禮貌的

Thechildreninourfamilyarealwaysrespectfultotheirelders.

respectiveadj.各自的；分別的

Theyareeachrecognizedas

specialistsintheirrespectivefields.respect【語(yǔ)法填空】1.Theyhadlittlerespect________theirgrandparents.2.Theprofessor______________(respect)forhiswideknowledgeofall.3.Thenewhouseisinall____________(respect)betterthantheoldone.4.We

hopeour

________________(respect)

president

will

payattention

to

our

suggestions.

5.Wewerebroughtuptobe_____________(respect)toauthority.forisrespectedrespectsrespectablerespectfulvi.爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯argue

1.

arguewithsbaboutsth.關(guān)于某事和……爭(zhēng)論

e.g.

It’snousearguingwithhimaboutthequestionforhewon’tchangehismind.

跟他爭(zhēng)論這個(gè)問(wèn)題是沒(méi)有用的，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)改變他的想法。

2.

arguefor/againststh.

爭(zhēng)論支持/反對(duì)…

e.g.

I

argued

for

the

plan

while

my

elder

sister

argued

against

it.

我贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃，而我的姐姐反對(duì)它。vt.主張，認(rèn)為；說(shuō)服argue

1.argue

sb.

into

/

out

of

doing...說(shuō)服某人做…/不做某事

e.g.

We

try

to

argue

him

out

of

going

on

such

a

dangerous

journey.

我們努力說(shuō)服他不要去進(jìn)行如此危險(xiǎn)的旅行。

n.argument

爭(zhēng)論beyondargument毫無(wú)爭(zhēng)議的n.娛樂(lè)；款待[U]；（具體的）娛樂(lè)表演[C]entertainment

e.g.

A

movie

theater

is

a

place

of

entertainment.

電影院是公共娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所。

e.g.

The

local

entertainments

are

listed

in

the

newspaper.

報(bào)紙上登有本地的娛樂(lè)表演節(jié)目。vt.

entertain娛樂(lè)；招待

entertain

oneself自?shī)首詷?lè)adj.

entertaining令人愉悅的v.聚集；涌入crowd

e.g.

He

managed

to

crowd

into

the

bus.

crowd

in想法、問(wèn)題涌上心頭

e.g.

Memoriescrowdedinhismind.回憶涌上他的心頭。

crowded

adj.擁擠的vt.①鼓舞；激勵(lì)；啟發(fā)思考，賦予靈感inspireinspire

sb

to

do

…鼓勵(lì)某人做某事

（encourage

sb

to

do…

e.g.

①The

teacher

inspires

his

students

to

give

their

opinions

actively.

這位老師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上積極發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。

②The

beautiful

scenery

inspired

the

composer.

美麗的風(fēng)景給了這位作曲家靈感。vt.②使產(chǎn)生…inspire

sb

with

sth

=

inspire

sth

in

sb使某人產(chǎn)生…感覺(jué)/情感e.g.

What

my

father

said

inspired

me

with

a

love

of

learning.

=

What

my

father

said

inspired

a

love

of

learning

in

me.

父親的一番話激起了我對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛(ài)。inspireinspiring

adj.鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的inspired

adj.品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的，能力卓越的；借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的inspiration

n.

[U]靈感；[C]鼓舞人心的人或事【詞性變形】vt.①支持，擁護(hù)supportsupport

sb

in

sth在某方面支持某人e.g.

They

support

each

other

in

their

study.

他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)上互相扶持。

support

a

family

=

raise

a

family養(yǎng)家vt.②撫養(yǎng)，贍養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)活；支撐support

oneself自食其力e.g.

I

will

support

myself

after

graduation

from

university.

大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我要自食其力。n.支持；擁護(hù)supportin

support

of

…支持…

(作表語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)）e.g.

Only

a

few

people

spoke

in

support

of

the

proposal.

只有幾個(gè)人表示支持這一提議。

【詞性變形】supporter

n.支持者；擁護(hù)者supportive

adj.同情的；支持的；給予幫助的vi.談到；查閱；參考referreferto1.提到；談及；說(shuō)起

Ipromisednottorefertothematteragain.

2.描述；涉及；與…相關(guān)Thisparagraphreferredtotheeventsoflastyear.

3.查閱；參考；征詢

Youmayreferto

a

dictionaryifyouwant.

referreferto

sb.

/

sth.

as…把…稱作

e.g.

She

always

refers

to

her

son

as

“

a

little

monkey”.

她總是稱她兒子為“一個(gè)淘氣的小猴子”。referencen.參考書(shū)目

e.g.

Thereisalistofreferencesattheendofeachchapter.偶然遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn)=

run

across

=

meet

by

chance

come

acrosse.g.

I

came

across

some

mistakes

when

I

was

looking

through

your

paper.

我在看你的論文時(shí)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾處錯(cuò)誤。[短語(yǔ)歸納]come相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：comeaboutcomeout

comeupcomeupwithsth發(fā)生=

happen出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)花；出版或發(fā)表升起；出現(xiàn)；被提出提出（辦法、建議）；找到（答案）n.比率；速度rateat

a

/

the

rate

of

...以…比率/速度e.g.

During

the

epidemic,

smallandmedium-sizedenterprises

are

disappearing

at

the

rate

of

roughly

two

per

week.

疫情期間，中小企業(yè)正以大約每周兩個(gè)的速度消失。vt.計(jì)劃；打算；想要intend1.

intend

doing

/

to

do

…打算/計(jì)劃做…

e.g.

What

do

you

intend

doing

in

the

new

semester?

新學(xué)期你打算怎么做？

2.

intend

sb

to

do

sth打算讓某人做某事

e.g.

He

intends

his

son

to

take

over

his

business.

他打算讓他的兒子接管他的生意。3.

be

intended

for

…是為…而準(zhǔn)備的；專供…使用的（=

be

designed

/

meant

for

…

)

e.g.

This

book

is

intended

for

beginners.這本書(shū)是為初學(xué)者寫(xiě)的。

vt.計(jì)劃；打算；想要intend4.

had

intended

to

do

…本打算做某事（未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖）

e.g.

I

had

intended

not

to

eat,

but

I

couldn’t

refuse

the

food.

n.

intention意圖；目的

an

intention一個(gè)意圖adj.考慮周到的；體貼的considerate

e.g.

He

is

always

polite

and

considerate

to/towards

the

old.

他對(duì)待老人總是禮貌又體貼。【詞性變形】consider

vt.考慮；認(rèn)為consideration

n.

[U]考慮；關(guān)心considerate1.considerdoingsth.考慮某事

e.g.

WouldyouconsiderworkinginNewYorknextyear?2.beconsideredtobe/as...被認(rèn)為……；被看作……