破解“高考完形填空”之謎

——DetectingCluesinClozeTests市級(jí)高三教學(xué)視導(dǎo)課Lead-in:TheMindPalaceofSherlockHolmes福爾摩斯的思維殿堂

He'safamousdetective(偵探).WhoisSherlockHolmes?He'sthinkinghardaboutclues(線(xiàn)索)toacriminalcase.Whatishedoing?AllyouhavetodoistofindDoingaclozetestisjustlikesolvingacriminalcase!somethingburieddeep——cluesIneverguess.Itisashockinghabit--destructivetologicalreasoning(邏輯推理).——SherlockHolmesDetectingCluesLearning&Understanding學(xué)習(xí)理解MainIdea（主旨大意）How體裁謀篇What話(huà)題內(nèi)容mainidea主旨大意Why意圖啟示Clue1:連環(huán)案Haveyouevermadesomanymistakesinarow(連續(xù)地)？Why?Beginning&EndingTitle標(biāo)題是完形文章大意的凝練概括(個(gè)別文章)。跳讀全文，尤其是首尾段。首段是了解文章主題的窗口，幫助大致了解文章概貌、事件背景、體裁謀篇等；尾段往往總結(jié)或升華主題，揭曉啟示，首尾呼應(yīng)。Howtogetthemainidea(i.e.how體裁what內(nèi)容why啟示)ThefirststepBeginnning&EndingTitleHow

謀篇

Why

啟示

what

內(nèi)容Skip(跳讀)throughthepassage“AHeroicDriver”inyourhandoutandworkoutitsmainidea.mainideaHow

體裁

Why

啟示

what

內(nèi)容how體裁--narration記敘文what內(nèi)容--Aheroicdriversawaburningvehicle,putoutthefireandsavedawoman'slife.why啟示--helpingothers樂(lè)于助人(核心價(jià)值觀(guān))Beginnning&EndingTitlemainideahow體裁what內(nèi)容why啟示ContextualHints（語(yǔ)境暗示）

Clue2:（2004年全國(guó)I卷）Theword“spaghetti”（意大利面）broughtbackthe(36)__memory__ofaneveningatUncleAlien’sinBelleville(37)__when__allofuswereseatedaroundthetableandAuntPat(38)____spaghettiforsupper.38.A.cookedB.served C.got D.madeserve：1服務(wù)；2招待、上菜。這句話(huà)意思是:我們大家團(tuán)團(tuán)坐好，然后Pat阿姨為我們___。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境暗示的動(dòng)詞順序性，這里只能選上菜。“大家圍坐在桌邊”接下來(lái)選擇“做飯”是不合理的。Ifyouwanttohideatree,thenaforestisthebestplacetodoit.

——SherlockHolmesIfyouwanttohideananswer,thenatextisthebestplacetodoit.

——MissQiu不可“只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)樹(shù)林”，要從語(yǔ)篇上下文整體語(yǔ)境考慮CheckingHomeworkGroupCompetitionSentenceOrganization（句子構(gòu)成）

Clue3:（2018年福州市質(zhì)檢）Finally,athin,quietgirl,whomInoticedalmostalwayswearthesameclothes,crossedherarmsoverherchest,_51_closed____hereyesandleanedback,justlikeoneofthoseLiptonteaad___52____themodeldivedintothepool.52.A.everytimeB.asthoughC.whenD.where修飾名詞的句子——定語(yǔ)從句；根據(jù)從句構(gòu)成，需填作狀語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞——where,表抽象地點(diǎn)LogicalAnalysis（邏輯分析）

Clue4:（2014年福建省檢）HavinglivedinChinaforaboutfiveyears,Iamtotallyusedtodailylifehere.Adaptingtoa36differentsocietyandcultureissomethingtobesatisfiedwith,isitnot?Usuallyitwouldbe.37,itmakeswritingacolumn(欄目)aboutmyimpressionsofChinaalotmore38.Luckilyforme，twofriendsfrommycountry,Ireland,cameto39visitmeduringthesummer.37A.InsteadB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Otherwise38A.significantB.complexC.excellentD.difficult

表對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折讓步、對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折:

but,however,although,still,yet,whatever,inspiteof，inanycase,onthecontrary,instead,bycontrast，incomparison,

actually,luckily,unfortunately,toone'ssurprise/delight/disappointment…解釋、舉例說(shuō)明:

like；thatis；orsay;inotherswords;foronething;ononehand...并列、遞進(jìn):

and,or,similarly,also,inaddition,what'smore,aswellas,either,neither,too,notonly..butalso...因果：thus,therefore,since,because,as,nowthat,thanksto,onaccountof,so,accordingly，consequently，asaresult時(shí)間、順序:

when，while，as，after，before，since，until，assoonas...firstly,secondly,thirdly,inthefirstplace,next,then...目的:

sothat，inorderthat,forfearthat,incase...條件：if，supposing，unless,once,aslongas...Markersofdifferentkindsoflogic不同邏輯類(lèi)別標(biāo)志詞WordMeanings（詞義辨析）

Clue5:（18-19上學(xué)期八縣期中考）Thecouple__46followeda1970s"LoveandLogic"parentingmodel.Thephilosophy(哲學(xué))centersontheideathattakingemotionalcontrol,essentially__47reducing__emotionalreactionslikeshoutingorblamingkids,is_48usefulforparents."Oneofthegreatest___49___ofapplyingLoveandLogicisthatithelpsuslearnhowtokeepatightercontrolonouremotionsandonour___50___,"Gatessaid.49A.motivationsB.benefitsC.regretsD.targets50A.tonguesB.mindsC.handsD.brains...The__58___isabitliketheSocratic(蘇格拉底)method,__59where__itpushesparentstofocusonaskingquestionsoftheirkidsandgettingthemtothinkabouthowtosolvetheirownproblems,insteadof____60___themanswers.58A.opinionB.wayC.modelD.means60A.feedingB.forgettingC.cheatingD.treating熟詞生義同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同范疇詞同近義詞喂養(yǎng)、提供反義詞同根詞Accumulationcounts!靠積累FixedExpressions（固定表達(dá)）

Clue6:(2018年福建省質(zhì)檢)Growingup,Ialwayshidmythumbs（拇指）inmyfistsbecauseoftheirunusualshape.41Admittedly theydolookmorelikeabigtoe（腳趾）42insteadof athumb.

Andfromanearlyage,mythumbs43anothername“toethumbs”.Inhighschool,Iservedasacashier

inagrocerystore.Oneday,Iwas44checkingoutasweetlittleoldladyandasI45countedherchangebacktoher,shesuddenlytookmyhandsandsaidinathickPolish

46,“YouarePolish!...43. A.earned B.cloned C.found D.deserved46. A.tune B.voice C.language D.accent獲得~money/respect…口音Accumulationcounts!靠積累CommonSense（背景常識(shí)）

Clue7:(2013年全國(guó)I卷)Justsittinginthewheelchairwasa39learningexperience.Ihadneverconsideredbeforehow40awkwarditwouldbetouseone.AssoonasIsatdown,my41madethechairbegintoroll.41A.heightB.forceC.skillD.weight根據(jù)物理常識(shí)，當(dāng)人坐下后，應(yīng)該是人的重量使得輪椅開(kāi)始動(dòng)起來(lái)。ContextualHints（語(yǔ)境暗示）SentenceOrganization（句子構(gòu)成）LogicalAnalysis（邏輯分析）

WordMeanings（詞義辨析）FixedExpressions（固定表達(dá)）CommonSense（背景常識(shí)）

MainIdea

(主旨大意)7CluesinClozeTests

Holmesisheretohelpyou!UsingCluesApplication&Practice應(yīng)用實(shí)踐Finishoffthemini-clozetestinyourhandout.Explainwhichclueisusedforeachblank.GroupCompetitionThepassengersonthebuswatchedsympathetically(同情地)astheattractiveyoungwomanwiththewhitecane(手杖)madeherwaycarefullyupthesteps.She1thedriverand,usingherhandstofeelthe2oftheseats,walkeddownandfoundthe3whichthedriverhadtoldherwasempty.Thenshesettledin.IthadbeenayearsinceSusan,34,duetoamedicalmisdiagnosis(誤診),wassuddenlythrownintoaworldofdarkness.Mark,herhusband,wasanAirForceofficerandhelovedSusanwithallhisheart.Hetaughtherhowtorelyonherother4,specificallyherhearing,todeterminewhereshewasandhowtoadaptherselftothenewenvironment.Hehelpedherbefriendthebusdriverswhocould5forher,andsaveheraseat.1.A.thanked B.asked C.discoveredD.paid2.A.location B.shape C.size D.cost3.A.ticket B.bus C.seat D.bag4.A.feelings B.sights C.senses D.abilities5.A.makeout B.watchout C.findout D.workout背景常識(shí)語(yǔ)境暗示同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同范疇詞固定表達(dá)6,Susandecidedthatshewasreadytotrythe7onherown.Mondaymorning,shesaidgood-byeandforthefirsttime,theywenttheir8ways.

OnFridaymorning,Susantookthebustoworkasusual.Asshewas9thebus,thedriversaid,“Idoenvyyou.”Susanhadno10whatthedriverwastalkingabout,andasked,“Whatdoyoumean?”Thedriveranswered,“Youknow,everymorningforthepastweek,afine-lookinggentleman11amilitaryuniformhasbeenstandingacrossthecorner12youasyougetoffthebus.Hemakessureyoucrossthestreetsafelyandhewatchesuntilyouenteryourofficebuilding.Youareoneluckylady.”TearsofgratitudepoureddownSusan’scheeks.6.A.Finally B.Luckily C.However D.Besides7.A.visit B.trip C.bus D.work8.A.oppositeB.separate C.difficult D.usual9.A.gettingonB.gettingin C.gettingoffD.gettingup10.A.idea B.opinion C.way D.thought11.A.by B.on C.with D.in12.A.searchingB.watching C.calling D.noticing

邏輯分析語(yǔ)境暗示同近義詞語(yǔ)境暗示固定表達(dá)句子構(gòu)成固定表達(dá)同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)SettingCluesTransfer&Innovation

遷移創(chuàng)新Areyoureadyforsomethingmorechallenging?Explainwhattheclueisforeachblank1234WorkingroupsoffourSupposeyouarethesettersoftheclozetestin2019'sNMET(高