新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程（預(yù)備級第一冊）教案NewHorizonCollegeEnglish大學(xué)外語教研部Unit1AlfredNobel:AManofPeaceNobelPrizeisanawardcreatedandpaidforbythewillofAlfredNobel,andisgiveneveryyearforoutstandingachievementinoneoffivefields.BythetermofNobePswill,thephysicsandchemistryprizesaredecidedbytheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences;thephysiologyormedicineprize,bytheKarolinskaInstituteofStockholm;theliteratureprizebytheSwedishAcademy;andthepeaceprize,byacommitteeoftheNorwegiangovernment.Eachwinnerispresentedagoldmedalandasumthatby1980wasabout$200,000.Thesefiveawardswerefirstgivenin1901.Asixthaward,theNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScience,wascreatedandpaidforin1968bySverigesRiksbank,theSwedishnationalbank,andfirstawardedin1969.ItisdecidedbytheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences.I.Lead-inDiscussion:HastherebeenanyChinesepeople(includingoverseasChinese)awardedtheNobelPrize?Namethemandtheawardstheywin.TheChinesethatwontheNobelPrize:.李政道(T.D.Lee,1926?)1957年因發(fā)現(xiàn)弱相互作用下宇稱不守衡,從而導(dǎo)致有關(guān)基本粒子的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。.楊振寧(C.N.Yang,1922り1957年因發(fā)現(xiàn)弱相互作用下字稱不守衡,從而導(dǎo)致有關(guān)基本粒子的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。.丁肇中(S.C.C.Ting,1936?)1976年因發(fā)現(xiàn)新的J/屮基本粒子獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。4李遠(yuǎn)哲(Y.T.Lee,1936-)1986年因在化學(xué)反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)獲諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。.朱棣文(StevenChu,1948-)1997年因發(fā)明用激光冷卻和捕獲原子的方法獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。.崔琦(D.C.Tsuil939?)1998年因發(fā)現(xiàn)并研究電子的分?jǐn)?shù)量子霍爾效應(yīng)獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。.高銀(CharlesKuenKao,1933-)以及兩名美國科學(xué)家韋拉徳?博伊爾(WillardBoyle)和喬治?史密斯(GeorgeSmith)因?yàn)樗麄冊诠饫w和半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域上的開創(chuàng)性研究獲得2009年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。II.SentenceAnalysisThenewspaperstorycontinued,givingAlfredNobel'sage,nation,andotherinformationabouthisbusiness.(Para.1)story:areportinanewspaperornewsbroadcastaboutarecentevent(報(bào)紙或廣播中的)新聞報(bào)道Meaning:Thenewspaperstorywenton,tellingreadershowoldAlfredNobelwas,wherehewasfromandwhathedidforbusiness.中文翻譯:那家報(bào)紙繼續(xù)報(bào)道了他的年齡、國籍及其他有關(guān)他生意的信息。However,thewordsabout''tradingindeath”wereallthatthe55-year-oldmanread.(Para.1)Note:這里that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,all是先行詞。當(dāng)先行詞是all的時(shí)候,必須用that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。Meaning:...the55-year-oldmanwasonlyconcernedaboutthewordsabout"tradingindeath”.中文翻譯:然而,這個(gè)55歲的人從報(bào)紙上看到的只有關(guān)于他''拿死亡做交易”的言辭。butthedecisionthathemadeasaresultfinallygavehimwhathewanted.(Para.6)asaresult:causedorproducedbysth.else作為結(jié)果,結(jié)果是Meaning:...butasaresultofthewrongreporthisdecisiongavehimwhathewantedatlast.中文翻譯:……但是他因此做出的決定最終使他如愿以償。...nowtheworldthinksofhimthewayhewantedtoberemembered...(Para.6)Meaning:...nowpeoplethinkofhimasthekindofmanthathewantedthemtoremember...中文翻譯:……現(xiàn)在,全世界按照他所希望的方式懷念他,銘記他……III.WordStudyl.call:v.useanameforsb/sth,describesb/sth把某人/某物叫做e.g.HisnameisRichardbutweallcallhimDick.他的名字是理查德,但是我們都叫他迪克。(Dick是Richard的昵稱,如Tom是Thomas的昵稱,英文中這種情況很多。)Peoplecalledhimaheroforwhathedid.因?yàn)樗龅氖露Q他為英雄。trade:v.buyorsellgoods買賣貨物,從事交易(trade是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,需要帶上賓語時(shí)要用tradeinsth.)e.g.Mostofhisfriendstradesinoilproductsandbecamerich.他的大部分朋友都做本村產(chǎn)品的生意,他們都富起來了。Wecanbecomerichbytradingwithothercountries.通過與其他國家交易我們可以變得富裕。spend:v.①usetimeforsth.花時(shí)間,度過e.g.Wouldyouliketospendtheweekendwithus?你是否愿意和我們ー起過周末?Iwillspendtwohoursdoingmyhomeworktoday.今天我得用兩個(gè)小時(shí)做家庭作業(yè)。②giveoutmoneyinpayment花錢e.g.Ispent500,000yuanonanewhouse.我花了50萬元買了一套新房子。Shewouldratherspendthansave,她有錢寧愿花掉，也不肯積蓄。invent:v.makeorproduceanewthingorideaforthefirsttime發(fā)明;倉リ造e.g.AlexanderBellinventedthetelephonein1876.亞歷山大?貝爾在1876年發(fā)明了電話。Whoinventedthecomputer?是誰發(fā)明的計(jì)算機(jī)?wonder:v.(1)wishtoknow想知道;對 感到疑惑e.g.1wonderwhatreallyhappenedtoourbusiness.我想知道我們的生意到底出了什么事。Wewerejustwonderinghowtomakethejobperfect.我們正在琢磨該怎樣把工作做得最好。②feelgreatsurprise感到驚奇Weallwonderedattheinvention(發(fā)明)ofexplosives.我們都對炸藥的發(fā)明感到驚訝。Thefactthatshelefthomeisnottobewonderedat.她離家出走是不足為奇的。concentrate:v.togivesomeoneaprize授予(獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)或獎(jiǎng)品)e.g.MerylStreepwasawardedaprizeasBestActresslastyear.梅麗爾?斯特里普去年被授最佳女演員稱號。TheschoolawardedJudyaprizeforhergoodwork.因?yàn)楣φn好學(xué)校發(fā)給朱迪ー份獎(jiǎng)品。beworriedabout:為 擔(dān)心,為 發(fā)愁I(lǐng)fyouareworriedaboutyourhealth,talktoyourdoctor.如果為健康狀況擔(dān)心,同你的醫(yī)生談?wù)?。Hewasworriedaboutmeetinghiswifeaftersomanythingshappened.在發(fā)生了那么多的事情之后,他不敢同他的妻子見面。learnof:獲悉,得知,了解Hewassadwhenhelearnedofhisbrother'ssuddendeath.他獲悉哥哥的突然死亡,非常悲傷。Shewasnevertolearnofhisplansasheleftthenextdayandneverreturned.她永遠(yuǎn)都無從知道他的計(jì)劃了,因?yàn)樗诙炀碗x開了而且一去不返。ExercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets..據(jù)報(bào)道,他非常富有,是做武器交易的。(tradein)“據(jù)報(bào)道 “可以用Itisreportedthat來翻譯。武器交易可以用題中給出的tradein,譯成tradeinweapons〇據(jù)報(bào)道后面跟兩個(gè)從句,注意重復(fù)連接詞that。It,sreportedthatheisveryrichandthatheisamanwhotradesinweapons..任何國家的人,無論男女,都應(yīng)反對戰(zhàn)爭,因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭會毀滅國家。(destroy)反對:beagainstMenorwomenofanycountryshouldbeagainstwarasitcandestroythecountry..人們稱諾貝爾是一個(gè)致カ于和平事業(yè)的人和一個(gè)富有愛心的人。(amanfullof)“稱為 ”可用課文中學(xué)的動(dòng)詞call〇PeoplecallNobelamanofpeaceandamanfulloflove..在雨季渡過那條河非常危險(xiǎn)。(crosstheriver)“雨季"譯成therainingseasontocrosstheriver是個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語,因此翻譯時(shí)可用it做形式主語。Itisverydangeroustocrosstheriverduringtherainingseason..他不知所措,因?yàn)閷λ麃碚f開山修路是件新鮮事。(buildroadsthroughmountains)不知所措可譯成didnotknowwhattodo,動(dòng)詞不定式短語的處理同上。Hedidnotknowwhattodo,asitwasnewtobuildroadsthroughmountains.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.AlfredNobelinventedhisexplosiveataperfectmomentintime.注意perfect的翻譯。諾貝爾在最合適不過的時(shí)刻發(fā)明了他的炸藥。Hewantedtothinkofthebestwayforpeopletousehismoneyafterhisdeath〇thinkof的翻譯,death這里不能直譯為“死亡”,注意選詞。他要考慮在他逝世后讓人們用佳方式使用他的遺產(chǎn)。Theworldthinksofhimthewayhewantedtoberemembered:Nobel,amanofpeace,注思toberemembered是被動(dòng)態(tài)全世界按照他所希望的方式懷念他,銘記他:諾貝爾,ー個(gè)致カ于和平事業(yè)的人。Hedecidedthatafterhedied,hismoneyshouldbeusedforaprizetohonorpeoplewhodidgreatthingsinscience,writing,andworldpeace.結(jié)合整個(gè)句子的語境,writing應(yīng)譯為“文學(xué)”他做出決定,在他去世之后,他的遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)用來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些在科學(xué)、文學(xué)和世界和平等領(lǐng)域做出卓越貢獻(xiàn)的人。ThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedin1901,andtheyverysoonbecamethegreatesthonorthatapersoncouldreceiveinthesefields.NobelPrizes是個(gè)專有名詞,thegreatesthonor應(yīng)結(jié)合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣譯為“最高榮譽(yù)”。最早的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是在190I年授予的,這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不久便成為人們在上述領(lǐng)域所能獲得的最高榮譽(yù)。SpotlightonGrammar不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義Hecreatedhisexplosivetosavelives—livesthatwerelostbecauseotherexplosivesweredangeroustouse.(PassageA,Unit1)這句中的touse是不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài),但表示被動(dòng)意義。英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)(activevoice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(passivevoice)〇一般來說,主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主動(dòng)意義,被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。然而,主動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)也可用來表示被動(dòng)意義。不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義往往用在SVC(adj.+inf.)句型,即“主語+動(dòng)詞+主語補(bǔ)語”句型,其中的主語補(bǔ)語由“形容詞+不定式’‘構(gòu)成。用于這ー句型的形容詞較常見的有easy,hard,difficult,good,comfortable,possible,impossible等。在這種情況下，不定式必須用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義,不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:Applesaregoodtoeat.?Applesarcgoodtobeeaten.(?表示此用法不可接受。下同。)Thestoryishardtobelieve(相信).*Thestoryishardtobebelieved.不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義不但可用于單詞動(dòng)詞(single?wordverbs),如上例,也可用于多詞動(dòng)詞(multi?wordverbs)。英語中的多詞動(dòng)詞有以下幾種類型:動(dòng)詞+介詞,動(dòng)詞+副詞小品詞,動(dòng)詞+副詞小品詞+介詞,動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞等。例如:Thechairiscomfortabletositin.*Thcchairiscomfortabletobesatin.Thesickbabywasdifficulttolookafter.*Thesickbabywasdifficulttobelookedafter.Unit2SpeakingofMenandWomenI.Lead-inDiscussion:Whatdoyouthinkisthemaindifferencebetweenmenandwomen,intheirappearanceorpersonality?Doyouthinkmenshouldalwaysdresslikemen,andwomenshoulddresslikewomen?Shouldtherebeanydifferencebetweenmenandwomenatworkandathome?“Womenholduphalfthesky“wasanoldsayingpopularinthe1960s.What'syouropinionaboutit?GivesomeexamplesintheEnglishlanguagethatshowthechangesasaresultofthewomen'smovement.II.SentenceAnalysisfinditveryinteresting.(Line3)Note:詞組veryinteresting是賓語補(bǔ)足語,用來補(bǔ)足說明賓語it,類似的表達(dá)方式還有:Ifindthatbookverydifficulttounderstand.我覺得那本書很難懂。Wedidnotfindthefilmfunny.我們不覺得這部電影有意思。Thatusedtosuggestaman,notawoman.(Line3)Note:不要混淆usetodosth.和beusedto(doing)sth.,前者指過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的事;后者強(qiáng)習(xí)慣于做某事e.g.Iusedtoliveonmyown.我以前是ー個(gè)人住的。Iamusedtolivingonmyown.我習(xí)慣ー個(gè)人住。Meaning:inthepast,peoplealwaysusedthatwordtorefertoaman,notawoman.中文翻譯：這個(gè)詞過去總是指男性,不指女性。Theymightthinkofsomesilly,beautifulwomanwho'smoreworriedaboutherhairthansheisabouttheplay.(Line15)Note:此句中的some意為“某ー個(gè)”,而不是“ー些”。類似的用法還有:Forsomereasonhedidn'taccepttheprize.出于某種原因他沒有接受這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)〇Meaning:Theymightthinkofafoolish,beautifulwomanwhoisworriedaboutherhairstyles,butnotsoworriedaboutthesuccessoftheplay.中文翻譯：他們也許會想到某個(gè)傻乎乎的漂亮女人,她對自己頭發(fā)的關(guān)心程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于她對表演的關(guān)心。Ifyoutraveltoothercultures,you'llfindallsortsofamazingthings.（Line37）allsortsof:allkindsof各種各樣的She,sgotallsortsofproblemsatthemoment.她現(xiàn)在有各種各樣的難題。sort:n.agroupofthingsthataresimilarinsomeway;type種類,類另リNote:"sortof'canalsobeusedwhenyouarenotsureaboutsth.（用以表示對某事無把握）It'ssortoflongandthin,abitlikeapencil,那個(gè)東西好像是細(xì)長的,有點(diǎn)像鉛筆。Meaning:Ifyougotoothercountrieswithdifferentcultures,youwillfindallkindsofsurprisingthings.中文翻譯:如果你到其他不同文化的國家去,便會發(fā)現(xiàn)各種各樣令人驚訝的事情。III.WordsandPhrasessuggest:v.①saysth.indirectly暗示e.g.Hersilencesuggestedanger.她的沉默暗示憤怒。AreyousuggestingthatIamnottellingthetruth?你的意思是我沒有講實(shí)話?②putforwardanideaforconsideration建議;提出（想法等）e.g.I'dliketosuggestanotherplanforourbusiness.我想為我們的生意提出另外一個(gè)計(jì)劃。Canyousuggesthowweshoulddoit?你能建議我們該怎么做嗎?prefer:v.chooseoneratherthananother;likeonebetterthananother更喜歡prefertodosth.preferAtoBe.g.Shepreferscoffeetotea.與茶相比,她更喜歡咖啡。Ipreferwalkingtodrivingacar.我愿意步行,不愿意開車。remove:v.getridof移去,去除e.g.Hiswordsremovedthedoubts（疑慮）inhermind.他的話打消了她的疑慮。Whenoilisaddedtothefood,itisdifficulttoremoveit.一旦把油摻雜到食品里,就很難再把它除去。suppose:v.①thinkoracceptastrueorpossible認(rèn)為:猜想e.g.Idon'tsupposethathewillagreetooursuggestion.我認(rèn)為他不會同意我們的建議。②haveasacondition假設(shè)e.g.Thecompan/sdecisionsupposesgrowingsales.公司的決定假設(shè)了銷售是不斷增長的。sound:v.①toshowaparticularemotionorqualityinone'svoice聽起來sound+adj.e.g.Whathedescribedsoundsreasonable.他的描述聽起來合情合理。②toproduceasound,ortomakesomethingproduceasound（使）發(fā)嚴(yán)e.g.Thebellsoundedwhenthemailarrived.郵件來時(shí),鈴聲響了〇mean…by:showinwritingorspeech,etc.bytheuseof用 表ホ 的思思e.g.WhatMarxmeantbyaparticularsocietywasagroupofpeoplemakingalivingtogethe匚馬克思所說的社會就是人們有組織地在ー起生活。Whatdoyoumeanbyopeningmyletterswithoutpermission?沒得到允許就拆開我的信,你用意何在?endin:haveasaresultattheend結(jié)果為,以 結(jié)束e.g.Theirmarriageendsindivorce,他們的婚姻以離婚告終。Hisplanendedinfailure.他的計(jì)劃以失敗告終。agreewith:havethesameopinionas(sb.)同意 的觀點(diǎn)e.g.Weallagreewithhimabouttheneedforanewteachingbuilding.他提出需要建一座新教學(xué)樓,我們都表示同意。Foronce,sheagreedwithDad.總算有一次她同意了爸爸的看法。IV.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets..因?yàn)樗麑Ω鞣N文化和習(xí)俗感興趣,他訪問過20個(gè)國家。(allsorts〇。“對……感興趣”可用詞組beinterestedin因?yàn)榫渲惺恰霸L問過”,所以要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。Hehasvisited20countries,asheisinterestedinallsortsofculturesandcustoms..諾貝爾希望人們把他作為熱愛和平的人來記住他。(prefer)Note:prefer這個(gè)詞的過去式和過去分詞要雙寫字母r。Nobelpreferredpeopletorememberhimasamanofpeace..但不是人人都同意你的觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為男人和女人具有同樣的能力。(agreewith)Butnoteveryonewouldagreewithyouthatmenandwomenhavethesameabilities..這是ー個(gè)很好的例子,說明在婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響下語言是如何變化的。(asaresultof)Thatisaverygoodexampleofhowthelanguagehaschangedasaresultofthewomen'smovement..兩性在語言上的差異,實(shí)際上在所有語言中都有。(bepresentin)Thedifferencesbetweenthesexesinlanguageare,infact,presentinanykindoflanguage.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Iknowyou'vewrittenalotabouthowlanguagechangeswhenwetalkaboutthetwosexes.我知道,你寫了很多論著,探討人們在談?wù)搩尚詴r(shí)語言如何發(fā)生變化。YouknowEnglishhasseveralspecialwordsthatpeoplesometimesusewhenthey'retalkingaboutwomen.你知道,英語中有一些特殊的詞是人們談?wù)撆詴r(shí)常用的。Wc\echangeddozensofwordsdescribingjobs.許多描述職業(yè)的詞都改變了〇Theymightthinkofsomesilly,beautifulwomanwho'smoreworriedaboutherhairthansheisabouttheplay.他們也許會想到某個(gè)傻乎乎的漂亮女人,她對自己頭發(fā)的關(guān)心程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于她對表演的關(guān)心。Ifyoutraveltoothercultures,you'llfindallsortsofamazingthings.如果你在異國文化中徜徉,便會發(fā)現(xiàn)各種各樣令人驚訝的事情。V.SpotlightonGrammarasif/asthough分句中的動(dòng)詞形式However,somewomendon'tlikesuchwordsbecausetheyfeelasifthesewordsmakethemlessimportantthanmen.（PassageA,Unit2）在這句中,從屬連詞asif引導(dǎo)ー個(gè)主語補(bǔ)語分句。此分句中的動(dòng)詞形式是make,也就是說用的是直陳語氣,而不是虛擬語氣,這是因?yàn)橛行D女認(rèn)為使用actress,poetess等詞確實(shí)會使她們顯得不如男人重要。從屬連詞asif和asthough意義和用法都相同，可用來引導(dǎo)主語補(bǔ)語分句（subjectcomplementclause）或狀語分句（adverbialclause）。究竟用哪種形式應(yīng)視具體情況而定。E.g.：（1）Hewalksasifheisdrunk.（2）Hewalksasifheweredrunk.上例第（1）句的含義是“從他走路的樣子可以判斷他喝醉了”。而第（2）句含義是“他走起路來似乎是醉醺醺的,但其實(shí)他沒喝醉”。從這兩個(gè)例句可以看出,在asif/asthough分句中,當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為分句中的內(nèi)容是事實(shí),或可能是事實(shí),或很可能發(fā)生,就用直陳語氣;而當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為分句中的內(nèi)容不是事實(shí),或不可能發(fā)生,則用虛擬語氣。又如:直陳語氣:Helooksasifheissick（他很可能真的病了。）Youlookasifyou'vebeenrunning.（你可能真的在跑步。）Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.（或許真的要下雨了。）Itlooksasifweshallhavetodotheworkourselves.（或許我們真的要自己來做了。）虛擬語氣：Itwas（ashot）asifwewereonthesun.（我們不可能在太陽上。）Itseemedasifthenightwouldneverend.（黑夜總會結(jié)束的。）Heoftentalkstomeasifheweremyfather.（事實(shí)上他不是我的父親。）SheoftentellsussomethingaboutShakespeareasthoughshehadmethim.（事實(shí)上她從未遇見過莎士比亞。）當(dāng)分句動(dòng)詞用于直陳語氣時(shí),其形式應(yīng)與主句動(dòng)詞相呼應(yīng),即如主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),分句動(dòng)詞也必須用屬于現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài);如主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí),則分句動(dòng)詞也要用屬于過去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:Helooksasifheissick.Helookedasifhewassick.ItseemsasifhehaslearnedsomeEnglish.ItseemedasifhehadlearnedsomeEnglish.Theboyisveryquietasifheissleeping.Theboywasveryquietasifhewassleeping.Itlooksasifitwillrainsoon.Itlookedasifitwouldrainsoon.當(dāng)分句動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語氣時(shí),其形式常用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。當(dāng)分句所表示的時(shí)間和主句所表示的時(shí)間相同,通常用過去時(shí);而當(dāng)分句所表示的時(shí)間先于主句所表示的時(shí)間,則用過去完成時(shí)。例如:Theboytalksasifhewere/wasamanofforty.（注:如動(dòng)詞為be?其一般過去時(shí)形式可用were/was?通常were用于較正式的語體,而was用于非正式語體。）（talk和be所表示的時(shí)間相同。）Heworksasthoughheneverfelttired,（work和fee!所表示的時(shí)間相同。）Shelookedasifshewere/waslisteningtosomebeautifulmusic.（look和listen所表示的時(shí)間相同。）Heoftentellsstoriesaboutthewarasthoughhehadtakenpartinit.（takepartin先于tell〇）IfeltverytiredasifIhadn'tsleptaminutethenightbefore,（sleep先于feel〇）Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears,（be先于taiko）當(dāng)分句所表示的時(shí)間遲于主句所表示的時(shí)間,分句動(dòng)詞通常用would+動(dòng)詞原形。例如:Therainhasbeenfallingforsomanydaysasifitwouldneverstop,（stop遲于fal!〇）Hedidn'tworkveryhardasifhewouldgiveup.（giveup遲于work）Unit3TryingtoFitintoaNewFamilyI.Lead-inDiscussion:Islivingwithrelativesagoodchoiceforchildrenwhohavelosttheirparentsinaccident?Howcangovernmentandthesocietyhelpthosechildren?Whatkindsofdifficultynewmembersmightfacewhentryingtofitintoanewfamily?Asacollegestudent,whatcanyoudotohelpthosechildren?II.SentenceAnalysisThethreechildrensatintheairplane,watchingthecloudsclearawayastheairplanewenthigherandhigherintothesky.（Para.1）Note:動(dòng)詞watch后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式通常不帶to,這類感官動(dòng)詞還有feel,see,hear,lookat,listento等。如:Isawhimcome.我看見他來了。Iheardhimsing.我聽見他唱歌了。中文翻譯:三個(gè)孩子坐在機(jī)艙里,注視著云彩隨著飛機(jī)升空漸漸消散開去。Twoyearsago,beforetheirparents'death,itwouldhavebeenfun.（Para.1）Note:虛擬條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來,只隱含在上下文中,如:WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?如果沒有你,我怎么辦呢?（條件隱含在介詞短語withoutyou中。）Meaning:Twoyearsago,whentheirparentswerestillalive,travelingbyairwouldhavebeensomethingtheyenjoyed.中文翻譯:如果兩年前父母還在世的時(shí)候,這一定很讓人開心。Theyweretocelebratetheirfifteenthweddinganniversary.（Para.3）Note:"betodo''isusedtoshowthatsth.musthappenorthatsth.hasbeenprepared（用以表不必會發(fā)生或已安排好的事）.Youaretoleaveherebefore10o,clock.你必須在10點(diǎn)之前離開這里。TheyaretogetmarriedinJune.他們準(zhǔn)備6月結(jié)婚。中文翻譯:他們要慶祝結(jié)婚15周年紀(jì)念日。WouldSusiehavebeensoself-willediftheirmotherhadbeenalive?（Para.6）Note:虛擬條件句所表示的假設(shè)是不可能或不太可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。在與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句中,條件從句的謂語用had+過去分詞,結(jié)果主句的謂語用should（第一人稱）或would（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞,例如:Iwouldn'thaveknownwhatthesewereforifIhadn'tbeentold.假如沒有人告訴我,我不會知道這些東西是做什么用的。Wewouldhavevisitedherifwehadhadtime,假如我們有時(shí)間,我們就會去拜訪她了。Meaning:WouldSusiehavebeenagirlwhofollowedherownwishesandnotlistenedtoothers'adviceiftheirmotherhadbeenalive?中文翻譯:假如媽媽還活著,蘇西會像現(xiàn)在這樣任性嗎?WordsandPhrases.celebratev.dosth.pleasanttoshowaneventisspecial慶祝e.g.It*sourcustomtocelebrateourbirthdaywithaparty.我們習(xí)慣開個(gè)晚會慶祝我們的生日。NationalDayiscelebratedeveryyearinourcountry.我們國家每年都慶祝國慶節(jié)。anniversaryn.[C]theyearlydateonwhichsomespecialeventhappenedinthepast周年令匚念e.g.Hewantedtogivehiswifeahappysurpriseontheirweddinganniversary.他想在結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日給他妻子一個(gè)驚喜。It'sthetwentiethanniversaryofhisdeath.今天是他逝世20周年紀(jì)念日。ratheradv.insomeway;quite在一定程度上,相當(dāng)e.g.Itisrathercoldtoday,今天相當(dāng)冷。shehadsomeratherinterestingnewstotellus.她要告訴我們ー些很有趣的消息。comfortv.makesb.feellessworriedorunhappy安慰,撫慰e.g.Itriedtocomfortmymotheraftergrandma'sdeath.外祖母去世后,我盡力安慰母親。Shewascomfortingacrychild.她在安慰ー個(gè)哭泣的孩子。n.[C;U](sb.orsth.thatgives)afeelingofbeingfreefromworriesorunhappiness安慰,撫慰e.g.Herchildrenwereagreatcomforttoherwhenshewasill.她生病的時(shí)候,她的孩子們給了她極大的安慰。Youhavebeenarealcomforttome.你的確是我的安慰。shockn.[C;U]afeelingofsurpriseusuallycausedbyasuddenunpleasantevent廢驚,沖擊e.g.Theyoungprofessor'sdeathwasagreatshocktousall.那位年輕教授的去世使我們都很震驚。Iwasnotabletospeakfromtheshock.我驚駭?shù)谜f不出話來。v.causegreatsurprise使震際e.g.Shewasshockedwhensheheardthatthebuildingwastobepulleddown.當(dāng)她聽說那座樓要被拆毀時(shí),非常震驚。Sheknewhowmuchthebadnewswouldshockme.她知道那個(gè)壞消息會使我多么震驚。stayv.①beinaplace,position,etc,停留,保持e.g.Canyoustayfordinner?你能留下來吃晩飯嗎?Icanヤstay.Evegotanimportantmeeting,我不能留下,我有一個(gè)很重要的會議要參加。②liveinaplaceasaguestforashorttime做客，暫住e.g.Theystayedatahotelwheretheycouldcook..他們住在一家可以自己做飯的旅館。Whydon'tyoustayforthenight?你為何不留下來過夜?standupto:notaccept拒絕:對抗e.g.Youshouldstanduptoherabitmore.你應(yīng)該頂撞她ー下。Somebody'sgottostanduptothem.必須有人敢于和他們斗爭。nolonger:notanymoree.g.Theynolongerlivehere,他們已不住在這里了。Bythattimehewasnolongerachild.那時(shí)他已經(jīng)不再是個(gè)孩子了。IV.ExercisesATranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets..這些孩子正在設(shè)法適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。(fitinto)設(shè)法:trytodosthThesechildrenaretryingtofitintotheirnewconditions..夫婦兩人打算今年慶祝結(jié)婚20周年紀(jì)念日。(celebrate)打算:begoingto；20周年:用序數(shù)詞Thehusbandandwifearegoingtocelebratetheirtwentiethweddinganniversarythisyear..這個(gè)男人喜歡看報(bào),也喜歡照料小孩。(lookafter)喜歡:這里用enjoydoingsthThismanenjoysreadingnewspaperandlookingafterhischild..他發(fā)現(xiàn)女兒正躺在床上看書。(lieinbed)發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正做某事:findsb.doingsth.動(dòng)詞lie的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式是lyingHefoundhisdaughterlyinginbedandreadingabook..她皮膚白皙,頭發(fā)呈紅色,一雙碧藍(lán)的眼睛,看上去比以前更漂亮了。(fairskin)看上去:look,look為系動(dòng)詞,后面加形容詞;比以前更漂亮了:用比較級形式;漂亮:beautiful,為多音節(jié)詞,因此比較級的形式為morebeautifulWithherveryfairskin,redhairandblueeyes,shelooksmorebeautifulthanbefore.B.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Thethreechildrensatintheairplane,watchingthecloudsclearawayastheairplanewenthigherandhigherintothesky.三個(gè)孩子坐在機(jī)艙里,注視著云彩隨著飛機(jī)升空漸漸消散開去。Althoughtheirfatheroftenspentdaystravelingroundthesheepfarmlookingatthesheep,grass,andfences,theirmotherwasalwaysthere.spendsometimedoingsth.花時(shí)間做某事;lookingat…為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語,動(dòng)詞look的邏輯主語是theirfather,>雖然父親常常一連幾天繞著牧羊場轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去,照看著綿羊、草地和圍欄,但母親總是在他們身旁。ThedayAmylearnedofthecaraccidentandherparents'deathinSydney,sherealizedwhatitreallymeanttobetheeldestinthefamily.詞組learnof前面學(xué)習(xí)過,意思為獲悉;what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。得知父母在悉尼死于車禍的那一天,艾米就意識到了作為家里的長女真正意味著什么。Susiewastooyoungtorealizeexactlywhathadhappened,butthroughwatchingtheotherchildren,sheknewitwassomethingterrible.to〇…to…結(jié)構(gòu)的意思為“太 而不能”。terrible為后置定語，修飾something蘇西當(dāng)時(shí)年紀(jì)太小,未能確切地意識到究竟出了什么事,但通過觀察其他孩子,她知道可怕的事情發(fā)生了。Amyknewthatsheneededafirmparent,butitoftenseemedeasiertoavoidafightthantostanduptoherinpublic.艾米知道蘇西需要ー個(gè)嚴(yán)厲的大人管教,但似乎阻止一場打斗都比在眾人面前駁斥她更容易。V.SpotlightonGrammar “beto+不定式”表示將來時(shí)間Theyweretocelebratetheirfifteenthweddinganniversary.（PassageA,Unit3）此句中的weretocelebrate（即beto+不定式）表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事情?！癰eto+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表示:.表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。例如:IamtohaveteawithMarythisafternoon.Theyaretogetmarriednextmonth.這種情況下動(dòng)詞be也可用過去式,表示過去將來時(shí)間。例如：Themeetingwastobeheldthefollowingweek.Therewastobeadinnerpartywhentheguestsarrived.“begoingto+不定式”也可用來表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情,且常可與“beto+不定式”換用。例如:Wearegoingto/aretohavethefinalexamnextweek.Thereisgoingto/istobeaclassmeetingat2o'clockthisafternoon.但是,需注意的是,“beto+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)通常只表示受人意志控制的將來動(dòng)作。如要表達(dá)不受人意志控制的將來動(dòng)作,則必須用“begoingto+不定式”,而不能用“beto+不定式”。例如:It'sgoingtorain.［誤］It'storain.Sheisgoingtobecomefatter.［誤］Sheistobecomefatter..表示命令或禁止（意義接近must/haveto）。例如:Youaretobebackbynineo'clock.Youaretostayhereallthetime..表示說話人認(rèn)為注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。例如：Heistofailsoonerorlater.Betterdaysaresoontofollow..表示說話人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該做的事情（意義接近should/oughtto）。例如:Studentsaretorememberallthesewords.Wearetohelpeachother..表示能夠,可能(常用于否定句和疑問句,意義接近c(diǎn)an/may)。例如:Nobodywastobeseenintheclassroom.Notausefulbookistobefoundinthislibrary..表示想要,打算(常用于條件分句)。例如:IfyouaretospeakEnglishwell,youmustpracticehard.Ifwearetofinishtheworkontime,we'llhavetobequick.Unit4StoppingSmokinginPublicPlaces?I.Discussion:Howdoyoufeelwhenyoufindsomeoneissmokinginpublic?Doesanyoneinyourfamilysmoke?Whatdoyouthinkofit?Whatbadresultsdoyouthinksmokingwillbringabout?It'sreportedthatChinawillbansmokinginallpublicindoorplacesandsomeoutdoo