住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Avirtualanchorite,he（

）tohisself-sufficiency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.confirms

C.conforms

D.admonishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。adhere“堅(jiān)持；依附”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，一般與to構(gòu)成adhereto“堅(jiān)持；粘附”；confirm“確認(rèn)；證實(shí)”，為及物動(dòng)詞；conform“使遵守；使一致”。句意：作為隱士的他堅(jiān)持自給自足。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)提倡……改變，他們認(rèn)為可以保持消費(fèi)者的低成本狀態(tài)。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，徹底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根據(jù)后面的“消費(fèi)者的低成本狀態(tài)”可知前面的改變是“適度的”，即劃線單詞的意思是“適度的；合理的”。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

ThelargetowersoftheGeorgeWashingtonBridgewerenotencasedinmasonrybutwereleftexposedtorevealtheirhandsomesteelstructure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harsh

B.hoarse

C.good-looking

D.flagrant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)讨稳A盛頓大橋的橋塔并沒(méi)有采用磚石結(jié)構(gòu)，而是直接將塔身暴露在外，顯示出它……鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。harsh“嚴(yán)酷的”；hoarse“嘶啞的”；good-looking“好看的，漂亮的”；flagrant“駭人聽(tīng)聞的”。根據(jù)“steelstructure”可以推測(cè)出handsome的意思是“雄偉的”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.viewpoint

B.vocation

C.prospect

D.preference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這本書(shū)將她的……從社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向精神方面，因?yàn)樗闹黝}是在改變他人之前，你必須先改變自己。viewpoint“觀點(diǎn)，視角”；vocation“職業(yè)”；prospect“前景，期望”；preference“偏愛(ài)，傾向”。根據(jù)“fromsocialtospiritual”可推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“觀點(diǎn)”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thepolice,tryingto（

）exactlywhowasattheparty,areinvestigatingeverypersonconcerned.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascertain

B.arrest

C.imagine

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。ascertain“確定；查明”；arrest“逮捕；阻止”；imagine“想象；猜想”；count“計(jì)算；認(rèn)為”。句意：警察試圖查明有誰(shuí)參加了那場(chǎng)聚會(huì)，正在調(diào)查每一個(gè)人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Scientificintegrityisasmuchamatterofself-interestasitisof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-esteem

B.self-deceiving

C.selfishness

D.self-improvement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。self-esteem“自尊；自負(fù)；自大”；self-deceiving“自欺的”；selfishness“自私自利”；self-improvement“自我改善；自我修養(yǎng)”。句意：科學(xué)誠(chéng)信有關(guān)尊嚴(yán)，更是與自身利益有關(guān)的事情。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Therearesomeearthphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal—aperiodwhenNorthPolebecomesSouthPoleandSouthPolebecomesNorthPole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?

GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metersofdeepseasediment（沉淀物）core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears—themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.

Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten（熔化的）ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor（流星）impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsays,intensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?

2.Theword“flip”(Line6,Para.2）mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?

4.TheFrenchgeophysicists'studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin（

）.

5.InPeterOslo'sopiniontheFrenchexperiment（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.PolarityReversal:AFantasticPhenomenonofNature.

B.MeasurementoftheEarth'sMagnetic-FieldIntensity.

C.FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarth.

D.ANewApproachtotheStudyofGeophysics.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.intensify

C.fluctuate

D.reverse

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth'smagneticfield.

B.Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth'smagneticfield.

C.Theoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield.

D.Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield

B.thewaytheearth'smagneticintensityismeasured

C.itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth'spolarity

D.thewaytheearth'sfluctuationrhythmisdefined

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearth

B.hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarityreversals

C.iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisasters

D.hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld'sgeophysicists

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章在第一段最后提出問(wèn)題“磁場(chǎng)是怎么產(chǎn)生的，為什么會(huì)如此不穩(wěn)定？”（Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?）；緊接著第二段提到兩位法國(guó)地球物理學(xué)家進(jìn)行了開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的研究在一定程度上提供了線索；文章最后一段最后兩句話提到“如果這些結(jié)果被證明是正確的，地球物理學(xué)家將有一種新理論來(lái)指導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ヌ骄康厍騼?nèi)部物理學(xué)。它確實(shí)為將來(lái)的研究指明了方向?！保↖ftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“地球物理學(xué)的新的研究方法”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“雖然磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度變化短時(shí)間內(nèi)沒(méi)有規(guī)律，但是好像在每一次兩極逆轉(zhuǎn)之前，都有一個(gè)不可避免的下降過(guò)程”（Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal），polarityreversal的意思是“兩極逆轉(zhuǎn)”，可推測(cè)“polesflip”與之同義，flip有“翻轉(zhuǎn)”的意思。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第三句話提到“分析顯示，強(qiáng)度的波動(dòng)看起來(lái)有明顯、準(zhǔn)確的節(jié)奏”（Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“地球磁場(chǎng)變化有一些規(guī)律”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到“然而，這種轉(zhuǎn)換是怎樣發(fā)生的？原因是什么？爭(zhēng)論激烈。幾種理論把兩極轉(zhuǎn)換同流星碰撞這類(lèi)的外部災(zāi)難聯(lián)系起來(lái)。但是奧爾森認(rèn)為如果法國(guó)研究者是正確的話，這幾種理論就不能成立了”（Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor（流星）impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright），選項(xiàng)C“地球兩極的解釋”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后兩句話提到“如果這些結(jié)果被證明是正確的，地球物理學(xué)家將有一種新理論來(lái)指導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ヌ骄康厍騼?nèi)部物理學(xué)。它確實(shí)為將來(lái)的研究指明了方向?！保↖ftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch），選項(xiàng)A“指導(dǎo)地球內(nèi)部物理學(xué)的進(jìn)一步研究”符合題意。

8.單選題

Itishardtothinkofafieldinwhichitisnotimportantto（

）whatislikelytohappenandactaccordingly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lookout

B.figureout

C.turnout

D.pointout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lookout“注意；當(dāng)心”；figureout“解決；算出”；turnout“（以某種方式）發(fā)生；結(jié)果是”；pointout“指出；指明”。句意：很難想象在某一個(gè)領(lǐng)域知道接下來(lái)可能發(fā)生什么并且采取了相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)這種做法不重要。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

“Doyouwanttoseemydriver’slicenseormypassport?”

“Oh,（

）."

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eitherdoeswell

B.eitheronewilldo

C.eachoneisgood

D.eachwillbefine

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。Either表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”，each表示“兩者中的每一個(gè)”。因此根據(jù)題干可知應(yīng)該用either,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是將來(lái)時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

The（

）of“snake”issimplythis:aleglessreptilewithalong,thinbody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.connotation

B.denomination

C.donation

D.denotation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。connotation“內(nèi)涵；含蓄”；denomination“面額；名稱(chēng)；教派”；donation“捐款；捐贈(zèng)物；捐贈(zèng)”；denotation“符號(hào)；表示；意義”。句意：“蛇”的字面意思是：一種有著長(zhǎng)而細(xì)的身體的無(wú)腿爬行動(dòng)物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有幫助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心靈的”。句意：很多社團(tuán)自愿組織提供很多社會(huì)福利事業(yè)，并不期望任何物質(zhì)報(bào)酬。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Everymeans（

）triedoutbutneverwithsuccess,asfarasmyknowledgegoes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.are

C.hasbeen

D.havebeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查主謂一致。every開(kāi)頭，可知后面要用單數(shù)，根據(jù)句意可知要用完成時(shí)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Youshouldhaveyoureyesexamined（

）tobesureofyoureyesight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.periodically

B.persistently

C.continuously

D.continually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。periodically“定期地；周期性地；偶爾”；persistently“堅(jiān)持地；固執(zhí)地”；continuously“連續(xù)不斷地”；continually“不斷地；頻繁地”。句意：為了確保你的視力，你應(yīng)該定期檢查眼睛。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

IsupposeyouarenotleavingforBeijingtoday,（

）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areyou

B.doyou

C.aren’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。句中“Isuppose”是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，陳述部分“youarenot…”是否定意義，因此疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)該用肯定意義，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

PleaseexcusemeifIhaveleftanyofmyquestions（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeunanswered

B.nottoanswer

C.unanswered

D.beingunanswered

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。leavesth.done意為“使……處于……狀態(tài)”，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Theeconomygrewatitsfastestratesince1980thankstoa(n)（

）inworldtrade.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inflation

B.stimulus

C.bulge

D.boom

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。inflation“膨脹；通貨膨脹”；stimulus“刺激；激勵(lì)”；bulge“膨脹；凸出部分”；boom“繁榮”。句意：由于世界貿(mào)易的繁榮，經(jīng)濟(jì)自1980年以來(lái)以最快的速度增長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

He（

）hisassistanttopickuptheplansfromtheoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispose

B.dispensed

C.dispatched

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞此詞義辨析。dispose“處理；安排”；dispense“分發(fā)；分發(fā)；免除；執(zhí)行”;dispatch“派遣；發(fā)送；分派”；disperse“分散；使散開(kāi)；傳播”。句意：他派助手去辦公室取方案。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Themostusefulwayoflookingatamapisnotasapieceofpaper,butasarecordof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.organizedgeographicalinformation

B.geographicalorganizedinformation

C.geographicallyorganizedinformation

D.organizedgeographicallyinformation

【答案】C

【解析】考查修飾關(guān)系。Organized是作定語(yǔ)修飾information,geographically修飾organized，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

TherearetwocolumnsmarkedAandBbelow.10setwordsarelistedincolumnAwiththedefinitionsprovidedincolumnB.StudythephrasesincolumnAcarefullyandmatcheachwordwiththecorrectdefinitionincolumnB.

ColumnA

1.vitality

2.prompting

3.instantaneous

4.dynamic

5.prudent

6.original

7.feverish

8.facilitate

9.likewise

10.sponsor

ColumnB

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:G

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:J

第6題:H

第7題:A

第8題:F

第9題:D

第10題:I

【解析】第1題:vitality“生命力，活力，熱情”。

第2題:prompting“促進(jìn)，鼓舞”。

第3題:instantaneous“即刻的，立刻的”。

第4題:dynamic“動(dòng)力”，名詞；“精力充沛的”，形容詞。

第5題:prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的”。

第6題:original“最初的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的”。

第7題:feverish“發(fā)熱的；極度興奮的”。

第8題:facilitate“促進(jìn)”。

第9題:likewise“同樣地”。

第10題:sponsor“主辦者，保證人”。

20.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂(lè)”；symposium“討論會(huì)；座談會(huì)”；penalty“懲罰，處罰”。句意：在過(guò)去的十五年來(lái)，跑步已經(jīng)成為了一種流行的消遣方式，不同年齡段共三千萬(wàn)人的參與。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)D這個(gè)單詞是存在的，censorship“審查制度”。句意：很多受過(guò)良好教育的人認(rèn)為審查制度不會(huì)危及言論自由。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

（

）eatriceratherthanpotatoes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostofpeople

B.Mostofthepeople

C.Themostofpeople

D.Themostpeople

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。most后面可以直接跟可數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“大多數(shù)”；mostof后面接有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞所修飾的名詞，表示“特定范圍中的大多數(shù)”；themost后面通常跟形容詞，表示最高級(jí)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

23.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（

）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confine“限制；禁閉”；conform“符合；遵守；適應(yīng)環(huán)境（后面一般跟介詞to）”；confront“面對(duì)；遭遇；比較（為及物動(dòng)詞）”；confirm“確認(rèn)；證實(shí)；批準(zhǔn)（及物動(dòng)詞）。句意：特定文化下的絕大部分人會(huì)遵守那種文化已建立的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

24.單選題

130yearslater,thissinglewallstillstandshereinmute（

）totheRevolutionofParisCommunein1873.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.testimony

B.memory

C.tribute

D.evidence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。testimony“證詞；證據(jù)”;memory“記憶；內(nèi)存”；tribute“致敬；悼念”；evidence“證據(jù)；證明”。句意：130年后，這面墻仍然站在那里默默見(jiàn)證1873年的巴黎公社革命。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

25.單選題

Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand（

）knowledge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.expansive

C.intensive

D.expensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；expansive“廣闊的”；intensive“密集的，加強(qiáng)的”；expensive“昂貴的”。句意：一個(gè)合格的老師要有良好的修養(yǎng)和廣博的知識(shí)，這是非常重要的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

26.單選題

Thegovernmentlackedmoneybecauseofbitingoil（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prices

B.stations

C.buildings

D.revenues

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。price“價(jià)格；價(jià)值”；station“車(chē)站；駐地；地位”；building“建筑；建筑物”；revenue“稅收，稅收收入”。句意：政府因?yàn)榧值氖褪杖攵卞X(qián)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

27.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時(shí)刻才被允許提前離開(kāi)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

28.單選題

Ididn’tignoreher（

）.Ijustdidn’trecognizeher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attentively

B.intensively

C.intentionally

D.intensely

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。attentively“注意地；聚精會(huì)神地”；intensively“強(qiáng)烈地；集中地”；intentionally“故意地；有意地”；intensely“強(qiáng)烈地；緊張地；熱情地”。句意：我不是有意忽視她，只是沒(méi)認(rèn)出她。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

29.單選題

GivingEmployeesWhatTheyWant:TheReturnsareHugeDavidSirota,co-authorofTheEnthusiasticEmployee:HowCompaniesProfitbyGivingWorkersWhatTheyWant,findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors.Hetoldus:"Peopleatworkhavevariousbasicgoals.First,theywanttobetreatedfairly.Employeeswanttoknowtheyaregettingwhatisnormallydefinedascompetitivepay.IfIfeelunderpaid,thereisnotmuchanorganizationcandotoboostmymorale.Second,employeeswantasenseofachievementfromwork.Thekeyelementistobeproudofyourjobandproudoftheorganizationforwhichyouaredoingit.Thethirdelementiscamaraderie.Thisisalsonotmentionedmuchinourfield,butit’skey——notonlyinthesenseofhavingafriend,butworkingwelltogetherasateam.”

And,hesays,thereareanumberofotherthingscompaniescandotoboostmorale:“First,providesecurity.Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.Thereareanumberofstepsyoucantakebeforemakingpeopleredundant.

Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline.Theteamcouldlookatqualityandatwhateverkindsofmaintenanceandsupportwereneeded,anditcoulddecidehowtorotateworkers.Asopposedtotheusualtop-downmanagement,thisapproachistremendouslysatisfyingforworkers,andthusreducestheneedforbureaucracybecausethepeopleessentiallyaremanagingthemselves.

“Recognitionisalsoimportant.Organization-wideawardsshouldbeliketheNobelPrize,wherepeersareinvolvedintheselectionoftheindividualswhoreceivetheawardforoutstandingachievement,notday-to-daywork.

“Thetraditionalmeritpaysystemswithanappraisalandpayincreasearequitenegative.Workersfeelnorelationbetweenwhattheydoandtheirpayincrease.Arewardhastobefeltassuch.Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency.

“Inthe1980sand1990s,wehadareactiontoparticularformsofmanagement.Wetalkaboutfourkinds:thefirstoneispaternalism,whereworkersaretreatedaschildren.Thenthereisadversarial,whereworkersaretheenemy.Thenthereistransactional,whereworkersarelikeciphers.Managementdoesnotknowwhattheyarelikeasindividuals.Theattitudeis,‘Wepaidyou,nowweareeven.Wedon’toweyouanything.’That’swheremostcompanieshavegonetoday.Loyaltyisdead.

“Thefourthiswhatwehavebeentalkingabout,whichisthepartnershiporganization.ItdoesnotmeanthatbecauseIpaidyou,wearenoweven.Youdon’ttreatpartnersthatwaybecauseyoumightneedthemtohelpyououtsometime,andtheymightneedyou.It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies.”

1.Inparagraph1,whateffectofhighmoraleismentioned?

2.WhichofthesedoesSirotasuggestisgoodreactionforacompanywithfinancialproblems?

3.HowdidToyotamotivateworkersonassemblylines?

4.Howshouldbonusesbeawarded,accordingtoSirota?

5.What,nowadays,isthetypicalmanagement-workerrelationship?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Employeesstaywiththecompanylonger.

B.Employeesworkharderthantheircounterpartsinothercompanies.

C.Companiesproducebetterresultsthantheirrivals.

D.Companieswithhighmoralearemorerespected.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Reducingtheworkforce.

B.Outsourcingtoreducecosts.

C.Reducingtherewardspackages.

D.Transferringemployeestootherjobs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Byaskingmanagerstotaketurnstoperformasworkers.

B.Bylettinggroupsofworkersmakedecisionsontheirworkorganization.

C.Byallowingteamstotakeoverthewholeprocessofproduction.

D.Byrewardingthemforachievingtheirproductiontarget.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldbedecidedbypeopleatthesamelevelintheorganization.

B.Theyshouldbegivenonamonthlybasis.

C.Theyshouldbebasesonroutinework.

D.Theyshouldbeawardedasaresultofevaluationfromlinemanagers.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Onwhereworkershavetobecaredforbytheirmanagers.

B.Oneofhostility,showingstrongdislikewitheachother.

C.Onewhichispurelyeconomic.

D.Oneofco-operationonequalterms.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第一句后半部分提到“發(fā)現(xiàn)那些員工士氣高的公司比他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)公司經(jīng)營(yíng)得要好”（findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors），因此可知員工士氣高的公司收益要比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手高，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到“解雇員工應(yīng)該是最后的手段，而不是最初的。有些公司會(huì)采用一些防御辦法。如果公司遇到困難，他們重新培訓(xùn)員工或者從別的承包商那里接工作”（Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“將員工調(diào)整到其他崗位”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段第一二句話提到“當(dāng)工作遇到困難時(shí)，建議團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行自我管理。Toyota就是最好的例子”（Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline），接著該段介紹了團(tuán)隊(duì)如何來(lái)進(jìn)行自我管理，比如決定如何讓員工輪班（decidehowtorotateworkers）。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段提到“研究證實(shí)了一種‘收益分享’的系統(tǒng)，在這種系統(tǒng)下一組員工不斷進(jìn)行績(jī)效評(píng)估。如果生產(chǎn)量增加了20%，勞動(dòng)力增加了10%，那么意味著效率更高”（Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency），由此可知獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是根據(jù)員工的工作業(yè)績(jī)來(lái)定的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到“它更像成年人之間的一種關(guān)系，不像孩子或者敵人之間的相處模式，而是盟友”（It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“平等的合作關(guān)系”符合題意。

30.單選題

AlthoughGuthmanwasa（

）ofseveralcampaigns,hehadneverseenactiononthefrontlines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.veteran

B.volunteer

C.victim

D.villain

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。veteran“老兵；富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人”；volunteer“志愿者；志愿兵”；victim“受害人；犧牲者”；villain“壞人；罪犯”。句意：盡管古斯曼是參加過(guò)幾場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役的老兵，但是她從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)前線的場(chǎng)景。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

31.翻譯題

在學(xué)問(wèn)上打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)將使你終生受益。在學(xué)習(xí)的初級(jí)階段，學(xué)校所有科目中最重要的是語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)。語(yǔ)言是閱讀和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表達(dá)自己；沒(méi)有很好的掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難吸收外國(guó)的新知識(shí)。數(shù)學(xué)能訓(xùn)練人的邏輯思維。其他學(xué)科也各有用處，很難說(shuō)哪一門(mén)更重要。比如，體育和音樂(lè)教育對(duì)于促進(jìn)人的智力發(fā)展同樣是重要的。

Thefirstbeginningsofthetheorymaybepromptedbycasualobservationandexperience.Inthesefirstprobestowardtheory,descriptionoffactsmakesupmostshareoftheeffort.Increasingsophisticationandrigorleadstoagrowingconcernwithtestingtentativetheoriesusingcarefullyselecteddataandavarietyofstatisticaltechniques.Intheselaterdevelopments,thesubjectmatterofadisciplinebecomesincreasinglytheoreticalanddeductive,ratherthanempiricalanddescriptive.

【答案】Layingasolidfoundationforstudywillworkforallyourlife.Intherudimentarystageoflearning,themostimportantsubjectsinschooleducationarelanguageandMathematics.Languageisatoolforreadingandcommunication.Ifyouarepoorinyourmotherlanguage,youcannotexpressyourselfwell.Andyouwillfindit’sdifficulttoabsorbnewknowledgefromothercountrieswithoutmasteringaforeignlanguage.Mathematicscantrainpeople’slogicalthinking.It’shardtotellwhichsubjectismoreimportant,forothersubjectsalsohavetheirownadvantages.Forinstance,physicalandmusiceducationmakecontributiontoourintelligencedevelopment.

不經(jīng)意的觀察和經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)促進(jìn)理論的開(kāi)始。在探究理論之初，描述事實(shí)構(gòu)成了這種探索努力的最大部分。隨著理論不斷變得復(fù)雜和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，人們開(kāi)始使用精心挑選的數(shù)據(jù)和各式各樣的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法來(lái)測(cè)試嘗試性的理論。在隨后的發(fā)展中，學(xué)科的主題變得理論化，并且具有推導(dǎo)性，不再是經(jīng)驗(yàn)和描述的。

32.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

SinglesDaywasbegunbyChinesecollegestudentsinthe1990sasaversionofValentine’sDayforpeoplewithoutromanticpartners.Thetimingwasbasedonthedate:Nov.11,or“11.11”—foursingles.Unattachedyoungpeoplewouldtreateachothertodinnerorgivegiftstowoothatspecialsomeoneandendtheirsinglestatus.

Thatgift-givinghelpedtoturnitintoamajorshoppingeventassellersofeverythingfromjewelrytoTVstocarssawamarketingopportunityandlaunchedSinglesDaysales.ItisChina’sanswertoCyberMondayintheUnitedStates—thedayafterThanksgivingweekend,whenonlineChristmasshoppingbeingsandmerchantshavetheirbusiestsalesday.

【答案】光棍節(jié)源于上世紀(jì)90年代的中國(guó)大學(xué)生中，對(duì)于沒(méi)有浪漫伴侶的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是另一個(gè)情人節(jié)。時(shí)間是11月11日或者11?11——4個(gè)單身。單身的年輕人彼此之間聚餐或者送禮物給那個(gè)特別的人來(lái)結(jié)束他們的單身狀態(tài)。

送禮物把光棍節(jié)變成了一個(gè)重要的購(gòu)物活動(dòng)，從珠寶到電視到汽車(chē)等的銷(xiāo)售商們都從中看到了商機(jī)，并推出了光棍節(jié)銷(xiāo)售活動(dòng)。光棍節(jié)相當(dāng)于美國(guó)的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一”，即感恩節(jié)周末后的一天，網(wǎng)上圣誕節(jié)購(gòu)物開(kāi)始，商人們開(kāi)始了他們繁忙的銷(xiāo)售日。

33.單選題

HeavyrainfallinthesouthofEnglandmeansthatfloodingis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imminent

B.momentous

C.transient

D.p