1、專題三閱讀理解卜 j. ：;r考試大綱要求考綱解讀要求考生閱讀4篇短文，從每題所給的選項(xiàng)中選高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱明確規(guī)定“側(cè)重提高閱讀能 力”，這為我們的備考指明了方向。分析近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)試題，我們不難看出，閱讀理解是高考試出最佳選項(xiàng)。題材廣泛，考查主旨大題中難度最大，區(qū)分度最高的題型，自始至終占據(jù)包括科普、社會(huì)、文化、意、細(xì)節(jié)理著主導(dǎo)地位。閱讀理解能力屬于語(yǔ)言的領(lǐng)會(huì)技能，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面內(nèi)解、推理判它不僅考查對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握能力，而且考查快速容。體裁多樣，以記敘斷、詞義猜測(cè)捕捉信息、準(zhǔn)確理解特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能文、議論文、說(shuō)明文為主。等題型。力。/、僅要準(zhǔn)確埋解文章表層的意思，還要通過(guò)表

2、 層去推理、判斷。除此之外，還涉及非語(yǔ)言因素， 如：對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)百國(guó)家的社會(huì)和文化背景知識(shí)的掌 握、生活常識(shí)、邏輯知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言修養(yǎng)等。用nE醐江蘇高考閱讀理解近五年考情分布明細(xì)統(tǒng)計(jì)一一年份內(nèi)容20182017201620152014體裁；記敘文00100議論文11021應(yīng)用文11111說(shuō)明文22212題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題77858推理判斷題66376主旨大意題20321詞義猜測(cè)題12110總結(jié)近幾年江蘇高考閱讀理解可知，選材上更注重體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。所選文章涉及 話題廣，蘊(yùn)涵豐富的人文、科普知識(shí)，具有思想性、人文性、趣味性、實(shí)用性等 特點(diǎn)和鮮明的時(shí)代特色。文章選材豐富多樣，注重考查考生在不同的語(yǔ)言背景下 靈活

3、運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。設(shè)題方式仍以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主， 符合考試大綱要求，推理判斷題的 比重有所加大。總體來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)篇的難易度呈現(xiàn)層次性，區(qū)分度較高，高分難得， 有利于高考選拔。I 201 8高考題|AThe Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028211-535-7710 EntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHoursOpen 7 days a week.Sunday-Thursday 10 : 00-17 ： 3

4、0Friday and Saturday 10: 00-21 ： 00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May.Admission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students , includes the MainBuilding and The Cloisters（ 回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.,concert

5、s ,Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours gallery talks , and family/children ' s programs are free with admission.Ask about today ' s activiti es at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters museum and gardens

6、 is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and preciousobjects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours : Open 7 days a week.March

7、-October 10 : 00-17 ： 15November-February 10 : 00-16: 45Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了紐約大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館的參觀須知。56 .How much may they pay if an 11 -year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62.答案 C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題意并結(jié)合Admission部分中的”$25.00 reco

8、mmended for adults ” “free for children under 12 with an adH知， 他們應(yīng) “ 付兩個(gè)成年人的門票費(fèi)用。故選 Co 57 .The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact thatA.it opens all the year roundB.its collections date from the Middle Ages C.it has a modern European -style garden D.it sells excellent Eu

9、ropean glass collections 答案 B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) The Cloisters Museum and Gardens 部分的前兩 句可知它吸引人的地方在于它的收藏品可追溯到中世紀(jì)，故選Bo BIn the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted （ 享有）a special meat soup called consomm e .Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze' schain shops also set a new s

10、tandard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta （意大利J面食）when their

11、 plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty. Lighting matters, too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn ' t tell how much they ' d had: those giveteegerahar

12、es ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser they didn ' feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast -food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spe

13、nd.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart （莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender （ 薰衣草）stayed longer and spent

14、 more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending “ bad” tables,crowding, high prices don' necessarily.Diners at bad tables next to the kitchen door, say spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant

15、keepers need not“ be overly concerned about ' bad' tables ，” given that they re profitable.As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant resputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percen

16、t tastier.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文講述了影響餐飲業(yè)效益的幾個(gè)因素。58.The underlined phrase “ nonethe wiser ” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided 答案 A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)

17、容可知，在餐館里的燈光昏暗的情況下，顧客判斷不出自己吃了多少食物，即使吃多了也不會(huì)覺(jué)得飽，因?yàn)樗麄円庾R(shí)不到自己比平時(shí)吃得多。故答案為A。 59 .How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music.B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter. D.Using plates of larger size.答案 A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ One way to encourage customers tostay and order th

18、at extra round ： put on some Mozart.diners spent more可知， ”要想讓顧客在餐館多停留、多消費(fèi)， 餐館可以播放古典音樂(lè)，故 A 項(xiàng)符合題意。60 .What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more customers.B.Problems restaurants are faced with.C.Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.答案

19、D 段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的首句可知，人們認(rèn)為的一些會(huì)阻止顧客消費(fèi)的因素都不一定會(huì)是如此；下文圍繞此進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。故本題答案為D 項(xiàng)。 If you want to disturb the car industry, you d better have a few billion dollars:Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players.By connect

20、ing directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems （生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）, small farmers can keep one stepahead of the big guys.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition （NYFC ，美國(guó)青年農(nóng)會(huì)） and a family farmer myself, I have a front -rowseat to t

21、he innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables small -scale farmers to h

22、arvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour a huge improvement overharvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand suddenly making it possible forthe little guys to compete with large farms of California.Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn t touch the price per pound offered by California f

23、arms.But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won thappen without fundamental changes to the industry.One crucial factor is secure access to land.Competition from investors, deve

24、lopers, and established large farmers makes owning one s own land unattainable for many new farmers.From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non -exist

25、ent path to citizenship thgereatest barrier to building a farm of their own.With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering （ 多 于 ） farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two -thirds of the nation sfarmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the

26、 nation s food.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fairfarm economy, but farmers can t clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek

27、 policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文呈現(xiàn)了美國(guó)小農(nóng)場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)及其目前發(fā)展面臨的問(wèn)題。61 .The author mentions car industry, at the beginning of th

28、e passage to introduce .A.the progress made in car industryB.a special feature of agricultureC.a trend of development in agricultureD.the importance of investing in car industry答案 B 推理判斷題。文章開(kāi)頭作者提到Mom-and-pop 汽車制造商不可能打敗最大的汽車公司，以此為例引出文章的主題，隨后介紹了美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的特點(diǎn)，故選B。 62 .What does the author want to illustrate

29、with the example in paragraph 2?A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary.B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce.D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.答案 D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的例子和該段中的“ suddenlymaking itpossible for the litt

30、le guys to compete with large farms of California 可知，小農(nóng)場(chǎng)主可以獲得比大農(nóng)場(chǎng)主更多的好處。故選D。 63 .What is the difficulty for those new farmers?A.To gain more financial aid.B.To hire good farm managers.C.To have farms of their own.D.To win old farmerssupport.答案 C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“One crucial factor.for many newfarmers ”

31、可知，很多新農(nóng)場(chǎng)主無(wú)法獲得他們自己的土地，這是他們的困難所在。故選 C。 64 .What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?A.Seek support beyond NYFC.B.Expand farmland conservation.C.Become members of NYFC.D.Invest more to improve technology.答案 A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句以及最后一段中的“ Weat theNYFC need broad support.all backg

32、rounds 可知，除了需要 ”NYFC 的支持，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主還需要獲得其他的幫助。故選A。 DChildren as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self -worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters （ 少年 ） now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through“ likes ” .Some change

33、their behaviour inreal life to improve their image on the web.The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children s Commissioner （專 員 ） Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill

34、-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo -opportunities and then messaging friends and friends of friends

35、 to demand “ likes ” for their online posts.The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were “ startingto feel happy” when others liked their posts.However, those in the 10

36、to 12 age group were “ concernedwith howmany people like their posts ，su” ggesting a “ need” for social recognition thatgets stronger the older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up“ worriedabout their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic li

37、festyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media ”.She said: “ Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school.But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendo

38、us pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school. ”As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “ hugely damaging in terms of the-irdseenltfity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselve

39、s”.Miss Longfield added:“ Then there is this push to connect if you， go offlinewill you miss something, will you miss out ， will you show that you don t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once. ”“ For children it is very, very difficult to cope wit

40、h emotionally.” The ChildrenCommissioner for England s studLyife in Likes found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.However, the research involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increa

41、singly anxious online.By the time they started secondary school at age 11 children were alreadyfar more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know how to cope with mean -spirited jokes, or the sense o

42、f incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities （ 名人 ） or more brilliant friends online.The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.The Children s Commissioner

43、 said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield （ 雷區(qū) ） they faced online.And she said social media companies must also “ take more responsibility ” .They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should a

44、djust their websites to the needs of younger users.Javed Khan, of children csharity Barnardo s,said: “ It vitsal that new compulsory age -appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.“ It a lsso hugely impor

45、tant for parents to know which apps their children are using. ” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于社交媒體對(duì)孩子的影響的。65.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.C.They were required to give quick responses.D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.答案 B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ social media firms.they faced online”可知，一些中學(xué)生感到壓力大的原因是他們沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)對(duì)情感風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。 66.Some social app companies were to blame because .A.they didn t adequately check their users registrationB.they organized photo trips to attract