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1、Unit 1 1. Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party, began to fade.那些每年為孩子支付費用讓他可以吃好參加新奇排隊的記憶開始慢慢消退。2. This
2、160;former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt. 這位前“千璽一代”的后裔一夜之間變成哼哼唧唧的一代的成員3. I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me o
3、f beingtoo detached and talking in language that was too technocratic, which I didnt think possible, but obviously it is我通過了考試,但是面試時他們卻譴責我太冷漠,講話像技術政治論者,我不這樣認為,但顯然我的確是這樣的。4. For the rest it
4、160;is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub.其余的都是朝九晚五的“無所事事”,晚上去酒吧喝酒打發(fā)時間。5. I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to the good university.我上的是一所綜合性中學,我拼命讀書才考上一所好
5、的大學。6. but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed.她自從離開學校就開始做全職工作,因此她和她的丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)建議孩子如何繼續(xù)找工作是件很棘手的事情7. Carry
6、0;on life as normal and dont allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserves of emotional energy父母要過正常的生活,不要讓孩子濫用你的銀行卡或榨干你的情感能量8. After that the son or daughter needs to
7、;be nudged firmly back into the Saddle. 在這之后,兒女就該被父母堅決要求繼續(xù)求職9. If you ask me, real life is not all its cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years
8、;at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find? 依我看,現(xiàn)實生活并沒有人們想象的那么美好。我們上了12年的中、小學,又上了3年大學,
9、這期間老師們一直在沒完沒了地談論在備受呵護的學生生活之外的那個廣闊天地里的各種機會,可我遇到的又是什么呢? 10. Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they gr
10、ow up?), but mostly with money. Its just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager&
11、#160;wants repayments on my student loan,the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all thats before Ive had anything
12、60;to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if Im interested in buying a pension. And this rate, I wont even last till the
13、end of the year, let alone till Im 60. 無論我怎么想保持心情愉快,可麻煩事總是接踵而來:有時是跟人發(fā)生矛盾(尤其是跟男孩子,天哪!他們什么時候才能長大?),但通常是為錢發(fā)愁。這個地方什么東西都很貴!人人都想從我身上賺點錢:稅務局要收個人所得稅,銀行經(jīng)理要我償清學生貸款,房東催我交房租、燃氣費、水費、電費,手機賬單也不斷地寄來。所有這些還沒算上吃飯的錢。更可氣的是,不知從哪里冒出一個自作聰明的家伙我打電話,問我要不要買養(yǎng)老金。照這樣下去,我甚至都支撐不到年底
14、,更別提活到60歲領養(yǎng)老金了。11. spending money when you dont have any is dead easy. 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)在你沒錢時花錢最容易12. What were the odds on anyone being so nice? 這世界上這么好的人能有幾個?13. looking back after all
15、;these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed. 回顧這些年,我發(fā)現(xiàn)人只要有一兩次的轉折就能成功Unit 3 14. No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can ov
16、erlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for womens skirts and dresses.1960至2010年的時裝史不可忽略和低估的兩個不變事實是“無處不在的牛仔和女裝裙擺的升降。15. Exactly why women should want to expose
17、 more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a mystery. 經(jīng)濟繁榮和蕭條時期女性到底為什么要多暴露或少暴露雙腿仍是謎16. It was given greater respectability when the great
18、160;French designer, Courrèges, developed it into an item of high fashion. 當法國杰出的時裝設計師Courrèges把超短裙變成一套高級時裝時,超短裙受到了更多的尊敬。17. . which were described by one commentator as “the prim
19、;and proper look is in ” 正如一位評論家所言,一本正經(jīng),循規(guī)蹈矩的服裝又開始流行。18. During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely, and have usually been sparked off by a desire to identify
20、 people as belonging to a particular sub-culture.在這段時期時裝的風格多種多樣,他們的誕生源于人們希望歸屬于某種亞文化、與之認同的愿望。19. Sometimes the hemline indicator, as its called, can even precede and predict a change in the
21、160;mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. In September 2007, at the New York fashion shows, which were displaying their styles for spring 2008, t
22、he trend was for much longer dresses and skirts, many to mid-calf or even down to the ankles. Some people felt this showed that the hemline indicator was no
23、0;longer reliable, and that designers no longer dictated what people would wear. During the London and New York fashion shows in September 2008, hemlines continued to dro
24、p. But sure enough, in the fall of 2008, the stock market indexes fell dramatically when the banking crisis hit the US, Europe and then the rest of the wor
25、ld. Hemlines were no longer following the stock market they were showing the way and indicating future economic trends. 有時候,所謂的裙擺標志甚至能夠預示股市的行情。2007年9月的紐約時裝展展示了2008年春節(jié)流行式樣,潮流轉向了長衣、長裙,裙擺長及小腿中部,甚至
26、到了腳踝。有人覺得這表明裙擺標志靠不住了,服裝設計師已經(jīng)喪失了對時裝的主宰權。2008年9月,在倫敦和紐約時裝展中,裙擺的高度繼續(xù)降低。果然,2008年秋天金融危機襲擊歐美,并波及全球,股指急劇下跌。這時,裙擺不再被動地追隨股市的變化,而是預示股市行情及未來的經(jīng)濟趨勢。20. . sidling up and down in the surf . 在海浪里起起伏伏21. Ive burnt my shoulders我的肩膀被曬傷了22. There is
27、no hard and fast rule . 這里沒有硬性規(guī)定23. . but she works mostly to commission . 但她主要做訂單產(chǎn)品24. . a huge glass cabinet that preside over her studio. 在她的工作室內有一個巨大的櫥柜放在顯眼的位置展示海洋玻璃25. The
28、0;creation of sea glass is a form of recycling, but more than that, it is an example of nature compensating for mans folly.海洋玻璃的發(fā)明是回收利用的一種形式,不僅如此,它還是大自然補救人類愚蠢行為的一個例子26. Although no
29、;one considered the consequences of hurling glass into the sea 雖然沒有人思考過向大海傾倒玻璃會造成什么樣的后果,但這件事最后演變成一個完美的過程:玻璃最終碎了,變成了沙子。27. Todays responsible attitude to its disposal, revolving around recycling where
30、possible, is vastly superior, but it signals the end of the sea-glass era如今,對玻璃廢物處理的負責態(tài)度是盡量重新回收利用廢舊玻璃,這的確是有巨大的好處,但同時也預示著海洋玻璃時代的結束28. Its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal Golds
31、;murky reputation for damaging the environment in the extraction process and the diamond industrys poor human rights record play into the hands of designers who have chos
32、en to work with a material that puts a waste product to use.當人們開始對珠寶的來源提問時,海洋玻璃的生態(tài)優(yōu)勢就讓它更具吸引力。黃金提煉會給環(huán)境帶來損害,它的壞名聲及鉆石業(yè)糟糕的人權記錄正好給選擇變廢為寶的珠寶設計師帶來了極大的優(yōu)勢Unit 4 29. My credit card was a fairly pathetic, status-free dark blue, whereas hes w
33、as a very exclusive gold one.我的信用卡太寒酸了,是不顯示身份地位的深藍色卡,而她的信用卡則是高級的金卡。30. Now I had a job which was as steady as any job was in those days -thats to say ,not very,but you know,no complaints.我有一份跟那時候任何工作相比還算安定的工作雖然不是非常安定,不過我也沒什么可抱怨的。31. They target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially
34、 bad credit risks,tempted to spend more than they have, and liable to fall behind with repayments.他們的目標客戶是那些隨時有購物刷卡的沖動、有潛在信用風險、經(jīng)不住誘惑超支消費、并且經(jīng)常延期還款的人。32. After Id hauled her back into the house.it transpired that her bank had written to her offering a credit card at a low interest for a trial three-mo
35、nth period , subject to suitability .and so on.Her bank! I trusted them! They know even better than I do how broke she is.我費了好大勁兒才把她從外面拽了回來。原來她的銀行來信告訴她說:她可以申請一張試用期為三個月的、能夠低息貸款的信用卡,只要滿足要求如此云云。 她的銀行! 我才不相信他們! 他們甚至比我更清楚,我的女兒一貧如洗。33. Naturally,there was a lengthy correspondence while she
36、tried to sort this out,so the delay in being able access her funds meant that she went into the red,and her debates began to rise more than 200above the agreed limit on her overdraft of 1500.通過書信同銀行交涉的時間相當長,而未能及時支取賬戶資金使她欠了銀行的債,欠款額超過了透支額度(1,500英鎊)200多英鎊。34. And here we are today, caught in the Credit
37、 crunch, with world economies in free fall, all because the wicked bankers set us traps which we fall into ,attracting us with endless publicity for loan of money which even they didnt have!這就是我們現(xiàn)在的處境。隨著世界經(jīng)濟一落千丈,我們都處在信貸危機之中。所有這一切都是因為邪惡的銀行家通過大量廣告推銷他們壓根就不存在的貸款來吸引我們,給我們設圈套。35. Today, while mo
38、st of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial union. So much of what we want or dont want out of life boils do
39、wn to dollars and cents, whether its how hard we choose to work, how much we consume or how much we save. For some people, its working 80-hour weeks to
40、0;finance a third home and country club membership; for others, it means cutting back on office hours to spend more time with the family. 如今,盡管我們大多數(shù)人是因相愛而結婚,婚姻從根本上講仍然是金錢上的結合。不管是工作的
41、努力程度,還是決定消費多少或儲蓄多少,我們生活中想要得到的-或不想得到的-許多東西歸根結底都跟錢有關。對有些人來說,他們想要的就是一周工作80小時來支付第三套房的房款和鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部的會員費;而對另一些人來說,他們想縮短上班時間,花更多的時間陪伴家人。 36. A lot of the debates people have about money are code for how we want to live our
42、 lives, said Betsey Stevenson, assistant professor of business and public policy at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, who researches the economics of marriage an
43、d divorce. A lot of the choices we make in how we want to live our lives involve how we spend our money.“關于錢的許多爭論是提示我們想如何生活的密碼,而生活方式的許多選擇則與如何花錢密切相關?!辟e夕法尼亞大學沃頓商學院的商業(yè)及公共政策助理教授貝齊·史蒂文森如是說,他
44、研究婚姻和離婚經(jīng)濟學。 37. Making those choices as a team is one of the most important ways to preserve your marital assets, and your union, experts say. But its that much
45、;easier when you already share similar outlooks on money matters or when you can, at the very least, find some middle ground.專家們說夫妻雙方共同做出選擇是保護婚姻資產(chǎn)及婚姻關系的重要方式,當然,如果一開始就和跟你有相同金錢觀的人結婚,或者至少和另一方在
46、金錢觀上互相妥協(xié),事情就容易得多。Unit 5 38. As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about 10 per cent of conversation time, discussion of football could well account for the diffe
47、rence.由于體育和休閑大約占10% 的說話時間,所以很可能是談論足球的時間導致了這種性別的差異。39. On further questioning, however, the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice: What the women were happy
48、0;to call “gossip”, the men defined as “exchanging information”.在接下來的提問中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者的差別只在于語義層面而非實踐層面:女性通常稱為“說閑話”的活動在男性那里被定義為“信息交流”40. Clearly, there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males, and u
49、nwritten rule to the effect that, even if what one is doing is gossiping, it should be called something else. 顯然,在英國男性眼里說閑話是一件可恥的事情,這條不成文的規(guī)則已經(jīng)深入人心,因此就算一個人真的在說閑話,他也會把它說成是另一回事。41. For women, t
50、his detailed speculation about possible motives and causes, requiring an exhaustive raking over “history”, is a crucial element of gossip.對女人而言,詳細推測動機和原因與詳細推測可能的后果一樣是閑話的關鍵因素,它要求對“過去的歷史”進行詳盡的梳理42. The
51、term “marked” is a staple of linguistic theory.“帶標記的”這個術語是語言學理論的一個主要概念43. Any marked form can pick up extra meaning beyond what the marking is intended to denote.任何帶標記的形式都很容易產(chǎn)生超出該標記含義的額外含義。4
52、4. Although no man wore make-up, you couldnt say the men didnt wear make-up in the sense that you could say a woman didnt wear make-up. 雖然男人不化妝,但男人不化妝的含義和女人不化妝的含義卻大不相同。對男人而言,不
53、化妝是不帶標記的。45. She was caught completely off guard.這個問題讓她感到驚訝46. Yet no make-up at all is anything but unmarked你不化妝不代表著你沒被標記47. A married woman who wants to have her cake and at it
54、160;too may use her surname plus his. But this too announces that she is or has been married and often results in a tongue-tying string that makes life miserabl
55、e for anyone who needs to alphabetize it. 一個希望兩全其美的已婚婦女可以用自己的姓加上丈夫的姓,但這樣也同樣是宣布她已經(jīng)結婚,還常常會帶來一串長得叫人說不清的名字,讓那些必須叫她名字的人倍感煎熬。48. Women cant even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves.
56、60;Most application forms now give four choices for titles. Men have one to choose “Mr.” so their choice carries no meaning other than to say they are ma
57、le. But women must choose among three, each of them marked. A woman who checks the box for “Mrs.” or “Miss” communicates not only whether she has been married
58、160;but also that she has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probably other conservative values as well. Checking “Ms.” declines to let on about marriage (where
59、as “Mr.” declines nothing since nothing was asked), but it also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on the at
60、titudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment. 女人一填表就會暴露自己的個人經(jīng)歷。現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的申請表會給出四種稱謂選擇。男人只有一種選擇,即“先生”(Mr.),這除了表明他們是男性之外沒有其他任何含義。女人則必須從三種稱謂中選一個,而任何一種都是標記性的。如果一位女士勾選了“太太”(Mrs.)或者“小姐”(Miss)的稱謂,那么她不僅暴露了自己的婚姻狀況,而且還表明她在稱謂方面很保守,或許在其他價值觀念方面也很保守。如果她選擇“女
61、士”(Ms.)這一稱謂,那么說明她拒絕透露自己的婚姻狀況(而男士選“先生”這個稱謂時則沒有故意隱瞞任何事情,因為本來就沒有要求他透露婚姻信息)。另外,在表格中勾選“女士”這一稱謂的人會被標記為思想解放的人或叛逆者,這就要看評判她的人持什么樣的態(tài)度和看法了。49. I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as “Dr.” and&
62、#160;thereby risk marking myself as either uppity (hence sarcastic responses like “Excuse me!”) or an over-achiever (hence reactions of congratulatory surprise, like “Good for you!
63、”). 我有時會選擇“博士”頭銜,以避開這幾種帶標記的稱謂選項。但這么做又會給自己帶來風險,標明自己要么驕傲自大(于是乎招來譏諷的反應,比如“對不起,我不知道你是博士!”),要么是一個成功欲過強的人(那么對方的反應就是祝賀時的驚奇,比如“你真行!”)UNIT650. to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable
64、60;catalogue of human crime.和黑暗的、可悲的人類罪惡史上最窮兇極惡的暴政作戰(zhàn)。51. But self-belief was something he maintained despite rather than because of his family. His father Lord Randolph Churchill and his
65、160;mother, Jennie were both cold and distant people. 但是他一直能夠保持自信卻與他的家庭無關,他的家人并沒有給他多少支持。他的父親倫道夫·丘吉爾勛爵(1849-1895)和母親珍妮(1854-1921)都是冷漠、拒人于千里之外的人。52. Winstons father predicted his child would “degenerate into a&
66、#160;shabby, unhappy and futile existence”. 溫斯頓的父親不僅沒有給他支持和幫助,還預測他的兒子將來會“淪落到窮困潦倒,一事無成,抑郁而終的地步”53. This was the onset of his first major bout of depression, a curse he called his “black dog”.丘吉爾第一
67、次犯嚴重的抑郁癥就是從那個時候開始的,他把這個讓他痛苦不堪的疾病稱為他的“黑狗”(沮喪)。54. She kept him together, but he got himself out of it, in true Churchillian fashion.她讓他振作起來,但最終丘吉爾以自己特有的方式走出了抑郁55. But by 1930, Labour was in power
68、and he was on the backbenches, a nobody and a has-been. 但是到了1930 年,工黨開始執(zhí)政,而他只是一名后座議員,一個無足輕重的小人物,一個過氣的政客。56. He largely sat out the 1930s at his country retreat Chartwell.30 年代的大部分時間,他都在
69、他的鄉(xiāng)間別墅查特威爾莊園里閑坐度日57. The billboards said “Cheer Churchill, Vote Labour”, and thats what people did. That was the irony. the very democracy that Churchill was prepared to lay d
70、own his life to defend was the same democracy that knew the difference between the needs of peace and the needs of war.許多告示牌上寫著“為丘吉爾喝彩,給工黨投票”,后來人們的確是這么做的。這真是充滿了諷刺意味。丘吉爾隨時準備誓死保衛(wèi)的民主國家知道和平時代的需求和戰(zhàn)時的需
71、求是不一樣的58. If Britain its eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartedness had to be summed up in one person, it was him. 如果要用一個人來代表英國的怪僻、堅強的個性、寬大的胸懷,那就是丘吉爾。59. The hi
72、storian is not required to have the special skills which enable the expert to determine the origin and period of a fragment of pottery or marble, to decipher an
73、 obscure inscription, or to make the elaborate astronomical calculations necessary to establish a precise date. These so-called basic facts which are the same for all his
74、torians commonly belong to the category of the raw materials of the historian rather than of history itself. The second observation is that the necessity to establish
75、0;these basic facts rests not on any quality in the facts themselves, but on a priori decision of the historian. In spite of C. P. Scotts motto, every journalis
76、t knows today that the most effective way to influence opinion is by the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts. It used to be said that facts speak
77、 for themselves. This is, of course, untrue. The facts speak only when the historian calls on them: It is he who decides to which facts to give the floor,&
78、#160;and in what order or context. It was, I think, one of Pirandellos characters who said that a fact is like a sack it wont stand up till youve put
79、 something in it. The only reason why we are interested to know that the battle was fought at Hastings in 1066 is that historians regard it as a major
80、;historical event. It is the historian who has decided for his own reasons that Caesars crossing of that petty stream, the Rubicon, is a fact of history, whereas
81、0;the crossing of the Rubicon by millions of other people before or since interests nobody at all. The fact that you arrived in this building half an hour ago
82、160;on foot, or on a bicycle, or in a car, is just as much a fact about the past as the fact that Caesar crossed the Rubicon. 歷史學家不需要掌握特殊的技能去確定陶瓷或大理石殘片的起源與斷代、解讀一段意義隱
83、晦的銘文的含義、或是為確定一個準確的日期而進行繁復的天文計算。這些所謂的基本事實對所有的歷史學家來說都是一樣的,它們是歷史學家可用的原始素材,而非歷史本身。我要說的第二點是,之所以有必要確定這些基本的事實并不取決于事實的可靠性,而是取決于歷史學家事先做出的判斷。盡管C.P.司各特的那句箴言深入人心(注:司各特的箴言comments are free, but facts are sacred.“事實不可歪曲,評述大可自由”),但是現(xiàn)在每一名新聞記者都知道要影響大眾輿論,最有效的方式就是對特定的事實進行選擇和剪接。人們以前常說事實不言自
84、明。這種說法顯然是錯誤的,歷史事實只是在歷史學家用到時才會不言自明。哪些事實可以現(xiàn)身說法,以及這些事實以什么樣的順序或是在什么樣的情景中出現(xiàn)都是由歷史學家來決定的。 我記得皮蘭德婁筆下的一個人物曾經(jīng)說過:事實就像一個麻袋不塞點東西進去就立不起來。我們之所以對1066年發(fā)生在黑斯廷斯的戰(zhàn)役感興趣的唯一原因就是歷史學家把這一戰(zhàn)役看作是一個重大的歷史事件。歷史學家們依照自己的推斷,認為凱撒穿越那條小河盧比孔河是一個史實,但沒有人對在他之前或是之后幾百萬其他人穿過這條河的舉動感興趣。你半個小時之前或徒步、或騎車或開車來到這幢大樓,這件事和當年凱撒渡過盧比孔河一樣都是一個關于過去的客觀事實。60. The belief in a hard core of historical facts existing objectively
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