祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表達(dá)說話人對對方的勸告、叮囑、請求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般沒有主語，但根據(jù)其句意，實際上是省略了主語you。祈使句句末用感嘆號或句號，朗讀時，常用降調(diào)。在表達(dá)請求或勸告時，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的語氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒有時態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動詞連用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！ Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那個小房間里。二.祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型：1.行為動詞原形其它成分。例如：Make sentences after the model.根據(jù)例句造句。 Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。2. Be動詞其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時要小心。3.Let賓語動詞原形其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。 Let me have a rest. 讓我休息一會兒吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分為以下四種類型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont行為動詞原形其它成分。例如：Dont say that again!別再那樣說了！2.在Be動詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont be其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。注意：在這種句型中be不能省略；否定副詞not不可置于be之后。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有兩種：(1)Let開頭的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加not。(2)如果以Lets開頭的祈使句，必須在Lets后加not。例如:Dont let me go with her tomorrow.Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。 Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.無論什么時候我們碰到她，都不要告訴她真相。 4.在公共場合的提示語中，否定祈使句常用No名詞/V-ing形式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO Photos!禁止拍照！ No Entry禁止入內(nèi)! No Passing禁止通行! No Smoking禁止吸煙!四.祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語氣來決定其疑問部分。通常有以下三種形式：祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請求時，通常用will you；表示邀請、勸說時，用won t you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？ Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚來和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？2.祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在會議室抽煙，好嗎？3. Let開頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，除Lets用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如:Let the boy go first, will you?讓個那男孩先走，好嗎？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉?，好嗎？?祈使句的應(yīng)答句祈使句的動作是未發(fā)生的動作,常用I will.來回答其肯定式,表示愿意接受請求或命令,用I wont.來回答其否定式。另外,常用All right. / OK. / Yes, lets. / A good idea.等來回答Lets.句式,表示接受建議;用You may. / You can.等來回答Let us.句式,表示允許或同意。六.祈使句與陳述句的并列使用祈使句后接陳述句時，須用連接詞連接。如果祈使句與陳述句表示的是一種順承關(guān)系時，要用并列連詞and來連接；如果祈使句與陳述句存在一種否定條件關(guān)系時，要用并列連詞or來連接?？疾槠硎咕?或名詞詞組)+ and(或or)+ 簡單句這一固定句型。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留給我吧，我想想有沒有辦法。 Hurry up, or well be late.快點，否則我們要遲到了。七.祈使句與條件狀語從句的連用祈使句與條件狀語從句連用時，條件狀語從句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天來這兒的話，叫他給我來個電話。八.祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do(Do在句中無意義)。例如:Do shut up!快住口！ Do be careful. 務(wù)請小心。 Do come on time. 務(wù)必請準(zhǔn)時來。九.運用祈使句的誤區(qū)1、祈使句往往容易與不定式、分詞或條件狀語從句相混淆。在平時的練習(xí)或測試中，如果稍不留神，就會出錯。因此，要認(rèn)真審題，認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并根據(jù)上下文語境，作出正確判斷。例如：_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check析：如果空白處選填B(Check)項，則視為祈使句，但后一分句前沒有并列連接詞and連接；如選A或D項(分詞或不定式)，句中邏輯主語some spelling mistakes又不能執(zhí)行這個動作，故均不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，只有C項(條件狀語從句)符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意。 2. 考查祈使句型與非謂語動詞作狀語的辨別能力注意標(biāo)點符號(如破折號)的功能，牢記常見祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)，排除非謂語動詞的干擾(非謂語動詞提前作狀語，常用逗號與后面分開，表示時間、原因、條件、目的等)。原題再現(xiàn) 答案: AIve never seen anyone run so fast - _David go.A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched【指點迷津】肯定結(jié)構(gòu)的祈使句常以謂語動詞原形開頭。否定結(jié)構(gòu)的祈使句常在謂語動詞原形前加上Never或Dont。以let引導(dǎo)的祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)，有以下幾種情況：1.“Let me+動詞原形”，意為“請讓我”。2.“Lets +動詞原形”，意為“讓我們”，表示建議或請求。3.“Let+第三人稱作賓語+動詞原形”，意為“讓”，表示愿望、命令或允許。在開頭的動詞原形前加Do（務(wù)必）或Always（永遠(yuǎn)），表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如： Do write to us often! 務(wù)必經(jīng)常給我們寫信。一、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.二、選擇最佳答案填空：( )1. If you are tired, _ a rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had( )2. _ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let B. let do C. Doing let D. To do let( )3. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. Dont C. To not D. Not to( )4. If you want to stay, let me know, _? A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we( )5. Never come late again, _? A. will you B. wont C. do you D. does he( )6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train. A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got( )7. _ in the street. Its dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Dont play D. Dont to play( )8. Please _ me some money, will you? A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend( )9. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B.are C. is D. being( )10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept( )11.Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No( )12. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure( )13._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful( )14. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling( )15. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read( )16. _ Your child. Well look after him. A Not to worry about B Dont worry about C Not worry for D Dont worry with( )17.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest? A not they B do not they C dont they D not to( )18 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest? - All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to D.why dont( ) 19 _ tell a lie.