Section1Introduction1.1ResearchBackgroundInthecourseofrapideconomicintegration,bothChinaandAmericahavefollowedbilateralagreementsandmultilateralagreementssuchastheWorldTradeOrganizationtodeepeneconomicandtradecooperation.Onthebasisofcomparativeadvantagesandmarketchoices,amutuallybeneficialandwin-winrelationshipwithahighlycomplementarystructureanddeeplyblendedinterestshasformed.However,itisforeseeableforeconomicandtradefrictionstoexistonaccountofthedistincteconomicconstructionphasesandeconomicsystemsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.SincethenewU.S.governmenttookofficein2017,underthesloganof"AmericaFirst",theTrumpadministrationhasabandonedbasicprinciplesofinternationalexchangessuchasmutualrespectandequalconsultation,implementedunilateralism,protectionismandeconomichegemony,andusedincreasedtariffsandothereconomicintimidationmethods,madeaseriesoffalseaccusationsagainstmanycountriesandregions,especiallyChina,andtriedtoexertgreatpressureonChinatoimposeitsowninterests.Facingthissituation,Chinahasproceededfromthemaintenanceofthecommoninterestsofthetwocountriesandtheoverallsituationoftheworldtradeorder,andadherestothebasicprincipleofresolvingdisputesthroughdialogueandnegotiation.TheChinesegovernmenthasrespondedtotheU.S.concernswiththeutmostpatienceandsincerity,properlyhandleddifferences,overcomevariousdifficulties,conductedmulti-partydialoguesandconsultationswiththeUnitedStates,proposedpracticalsolutions,andmadearduouseffortstostabilizebilateraleconomicandtraderelations.However,theU.S.hasbeeninconflictandhascontinuedtomaketrouble,whichhascausedSino-U.S.Economicandtradefrictionstoescalatewithin1-2years,seriouslydamagingtheSino-U.Seconomicandtradethattheadministrationsandpeopleofthetwonationshaveworkedhardtocultivateformanyyears,andposingaseriousthreattothemultilateraltradingsystemandfreetradeprinciples.OnJune2,2019,theStateCouncilInformationOfficereleasedtheChina'sPositionontheChina-USEconomicandTradeConsultationswhitepaper,whichsystematicallysortedoutandintroducedtheinsandoutsofChina-USeconomicandtradefrictionsandthebasicsituationofeconomicandtradeconsultationsbetweenthetwocountries,principledpositionofeconomicandtradeconsultation.Thewhitepapergenerallyreferstotheimportantdocumentsandreportsofficiallyreleasedbythegovernment,andisnamedforitswhitecover.Inabroadsense,awhitepaperreferstoreportspublishedbytheauthorityandparliamentonmajorissuessuchaspolitics,economy,anddiplomacy.Inanarrowsense,therelevantexternalannouncementissuedbytheadministrationsofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaisanofficialdocumentthatrepresentsthegovernment'spositionandemphasizesclearfacts,clearpositions,standardizedwriting,concisewriting,andnoliterarycolor.1.2ResearchObjectivesandMethodologyHowtoimprovethelevelofwhitepaperinourcountry,especiallythelevelofwhitepapertranslation,tellChinesestoriesandconveyChinesevoicesinawayacceptabletoWesternaudiencesisanurgentproblem.Mostoftheexistingwhitepapertranslationstudiesaredevelopedfromtheviewsoftraditionaltranslationtheoriessuchastranslator'ssubjectivity,readeracceptancedoctrine,multi-systemdoctrine,dynamicequivalence,functionalisttranslation,andcross-culturalcommunicationdoctrine.TheircommonfeatureisthattheyfocusonthewhitepaperTranslation,asacommonfeatureoftranslation,ignorestheuniquenessofwhitepapertranslation.Thisarticleusesadescriptiveapproach,withtextanalysisasthemainresearchmethod.ResearchTarget:EnglishtranslationofChina’sPositionontheChina-USEconomicandTradeConsultationsreleasedbytheStateCouncilInformationOfficein2019.Thisarticleintendstoexplorethecoincidenceofrhetoricalpersuasiontheoryandwhitepapertranslation,andthenfromtheperspectiveofrhetoricpersuasiontheory,thispaperextractstranslationmethodsappliedinEnglishtranslationofChina’sPositionontheChina-USEconomicandTradeConsultations.1.3TheSignificanceoftheStudyAtpresent,itstillremainfaroffinthefieldoftranslationresearchinChina,especiallyforthetranslationofwhitepapers.ThewhitepaperisapublicandofficiallypublisheddocumentoftheChinesegovernmentbecauseitreflectsacountry’sinternalandexternalpoliciesandpolicies.Itscontentandlanguageoftenrelatetothesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofthecountry,andevenaffectthenationalsecurityandeconomic,political,Culturalandotherinterests.Therefore,thetranslationofthewhitepaperattributestoChina'sinternationalstandingandstateimage,andwillevenhaveagreatimpactonChina'snationalinterests.Infact,thetranslationofwhitepapersisinterdisciplinary,andthisfeaturepromptsustotrytolearnfromtherhetorictheorysystemandanalyzeitscoreconceptsandtheoreticalperspectivestoexplorethisnewtheoreticalperspectiveforimprovingcommunicationintranslation-Whatkindoftheoreticalguidanceisprovidedbyactualeffectiveness.Recently,theissueofChina-USeconomicandtradeconflictshasgrownmoreandmoreintense.ThetranslationofthewhitepaperisimportantforforeignreaderstounderstandthecontentandkeyofChina-USeconomicandtradefrictionsthroughthiswhitepaper.Nationalconcerns,concernsanddoubtsarecrucial.1.4PaperStructureThisarticleconsistsofsixparts.Thefirstpartintroducesthematerialbackground,researchmethods,thesignificanceofthestudy,andpaperstructure.Thesecondpartanalyzessomeresearchresultsofscholarsathomeandabroadinthetranslationofwhitepaper.Partthreeintroducesthetheoryofrhetoricalpersuasion,thatis,theemergenceanddevelopmentofrhetoricalpersuasiontheoryanditsmaincontent.Partfourintroducesthedetailedinformationabouttheresearchcorpus.ThefifthpartistheAnalysisoftranslationmethodsappliedinthedatafromtheperspectiveofrhetoricalpersuasionbyanalyzingexamplesentences.Thefinalpartsummarizestherelevantresultsofthisstudy.Section2LiteratureReviewThestudyoftheChinesegovernment'swhitepapertranslationhasattractedmanyscholarsathomeandabroad.Thesestudiesaremainlyconcentratedonthefollowingthreerespects:Fromalinguisticandpragmaticperspective，MoststudiesinthisareahaveillustratedhowtheEnglishtranslationofthewhitepapercanachieveitslinguisticpragmaticvalueandcommunicativeeffect.ZhangWenlingconductedacorpus-basedstudyoftheelaborationofthewhitepaperandexplainedthattheclarityofdiscoursecohesionisofgreatvaluetothediscoursecohesionandcoherence(ZhangWenling,2012).Fromtheperspectiveoftranslationresearchitself,theresearchinthisareacanbeclassifieddintotwodirections:thestudyofspecificproblemsintranslationitselfandtheoveralltranslationstudycombinedwithcertaintheories.Forexample,LiChangshuanpointedoutsomeerrorsintheEnglishversionofthewhitepaperontheTaiwanissue(LiChangshuan,2001).TangYijunstudiedverb-objectcollocationandChinesetranslationstrategies(TangYijun,2012).YangDongqinganalyzedthewhitepaperundertheguidanceofPeterNewmark'stranslationmethodandpointedoutthattheapplicationofvarioustranslationtechniquescanproducethebestresults(YangDongqing,2013).Fromthetranslator'spsychologicalperspective，F(xiàn)romthisperspective,thereareonlyafewstudiesontheChinesegovernmentwhitepaper.Forexample,LiuXiaoyingreflectstheimportanceoftranslator'srhythmicconsciousness,especiallywhenitcomestoexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics(LiuXiaoying,2012).Inshort,thesestudieshavecontributedgreatlytothestudyofEnglishtranslationofwhitepapers.Althoughfruitfulresultshavebeenachieved,itisundeniablethattheresearchonwhitepapersisfarfrombeingfullyexplored.Thereareveryfewforeignliteraturesonwhitepapertranslationstudies,buttheauthorhasthefollowingperspectivesforreference.BritishscholarPeterFrancexplorestherelationshipbetweentranslationandrhetoricinalongdissertationpublishedonTheRhetoricofTranslation.Hebelievesthattranslationandrhetorichavea"difficultrelationship".Specialpersuasionmethodsencouragereaderstoacceptdissidentopinionsandcreatevariousnewsituationsinthetargetculture'sterritory.”Thetranslator'sbiggestpursuitistoinfluencethereader(audience)andthetargetlanguage'sculturalcontextthroughhisowntranslationandgenerateexpectationsEffect(PeterFranc,2005).Fromtheperspectiveoftexttype,whitepapertextisregardedasacompositetextof"expressivetext"and"informativetext".Newmarkproposestwotranslationstrategiesbasedonthefunctionandtypeoftext:semantictranslationandcommunicativetranslation.Expressivetextsusuallyadoptsemantictranslationstrategies,whileinformationaltextsandsummonstextsusuallyadoptcommunicativetranslationstrategies.(Newmark,1988:40).Riceproposedtranslationtypology,whichsummarizedtherelationshipbetweenlanguagefunction,texttypeandtranslationstrategy:thatis,"texttypedeterminestranslationstrategy".(Reiss,2000).Section3TheoreticalBasisThecorecontentofWesternclassicalrhetoricisactuallythestudyof"persuasionmethods".Aristotlesees"rhetoric"astheabilitytoexplorewaysofpersuasioninsolvingallproblems.Inresponsetothewayof"persuasion"tosucceed,heproposed"threebasicpersuasionmodels:characterappeal,emotionalappeal,andrationalappeal"(Aristotle&George,1991:28.).Rhetoristsregard"audience"asthecoreofrhetoricalpersuasiontheory.Inaddition,theconceptof"presence"proposedbyPerelman,anewrhetoricianofthe20thcentury,isalsoinspiringtotheChinese-Englishtranslationofthewhitepaper.3.1ThreeModelsofrhetoricpersuasionAppeal3.1.1Appealtorhetoric’scharactersIndiscussingthe"persuasivefunction"ofrhetoriccharacterinrhetoric,Aristotlearguesthattheissueroflanguageactsalwaystriestousethe"characterofcharacter"togainthetrustofthereceiveroflanguageactsandconvincethem.Generallyspeaking,receiversofspeechactsaremorewillingtotrustfairpeoplethanothersendersofspeechacts,especiallythosetopicsthatarestillcontroversialandfuzzy,andpeopleseemtobemoreinclinedtothosewithgoodcharacter.Theissuercreatestrust.Mostofpeople'strustintheissueroflanguagebehaviorcomesfromthediscoursebehavioritself.Charactercanbesaidtoplayavitalroleinsuccessfulpersuasion.Fromtheaboveanalysis,Aristotleemphasizesinhistheoreticalsystemthattheissueroflanguageactscancondensehisself-imagethroughthediscourseactitselfinordertoconstructarhetoricalpersonalitythatpromotesthetrustofothers.Therefore,theissuerofverbalbehaviorneedstouserhetoricalmeanstoinducethereceiverofverbalbehaviortohavesomekindofpsychologyandcognition.(LiuYameng,2004).Aristotlebelievesthatinorderforthesenderofspeechactstowinthetrustofthereceiverofspeechacts,threequalitiesmustbebuilttobuildacrediblerhetoricalcharacter:virtue,goodwill,andreason.Itispreciselybecausethereceiversoflanguagebehaviortrustthosewhohavethesegoodconducts.Intheprocessoflanguageexpression,thesenderoflanguagebehaviormuststrivetoshowhisgoodmoral,goodwill,orrationalimageinordertoshapeanoutstandingrhetoricalpersonality.Soastoeffectivelyachievethepurposeof"persuasion".3.1.2.AppealtoaudienceemotionAristotlebelievesthatemotionalresortistherhetoricalmeansoftakingcorrespondingactionsinordertostimulatetheaudience'semotions,causetheaudiencetodevelopsympathy,arousetheaudience'sattention,andaccepttheperspectiveofthespeakeroflanguagebehavior(Herrick&JamesA,2004:83).Theissuerofspeechbehaviorneedstobegoodatappreciatingthepsychologyoftherecipientofspeechbehavior,andbystimulatingtheemotionofthespeechbehavioraudience,theyshouldhavesomekindofidentification.Ifyouwanttouseemotiontoresorttorhetoricalmeans,youmustcarefullystudythepsychologicalstatethatproducestheemotion,themotivationthatmotivatestheemotion,andtheobjectoftheemotionalrelease.Atthesametime,Aristotlealsocarefullydividedtheaudiencesofvariousdiscourseacts,expoundedthecharacteristicsofeachaudiencegroup,andfurtherexploredthewaysandmethodsthatcaneffectivelystimulatetheemotionsofdiscourseaudiences.ThesystematicanalysisanddescriptionofthecharactertraitsofAristotle'sdialoguebehavioraudiencesallowstheissuersoflanguagebehaviorstoadoptcompletelydifferent"persuasion"strategiesaccordingtothedifferentcharacteristicsofvariousgroupsintheprocessof"persuasion"toachieveitsdesired"persuasion"effect.Recoursetoaudienceemotionisanimportantpartofrhetoricresearch,anditprovidesirreplaceabletheoreticalreferencesandreferencesforsubsequentstudiesinvariousfields.3.1.3AppealtoargumentrationalityShapingtherhetoricalpersonality,gainingtheaudience’strustinthespeaker,andmobilizingtheaudience’semotionswilleasilybringtheaudienceintoastateof“acceptingpersuasion”,butafterall,persuadingtheaudiencecanonlyrelyonthespeakertoexplainthefactsandexplainandprovethefactstomakethisAprocesswassuccessfullyimplemented(LiuYameng,2008).Aristotlebelievesthat"persuasion"canberealizedthroughthe"persuasiverationality"containedintheeventitselftoprovethetruthofitscontentorthefactthatthecontentisobviouslyinclinedtobetrue.Heusestheword"logos"toexpressthelinguisticlogiccontainedinthediscourseitself,andbelievesthatthewayofrhetoricalpersuasionisnothingmorethan"rhetoricalargument"and"rhetoricalexamples".WhenAristotleexplainedhowtocontrolthesetwomethodsintheprocessofrhetoric,hearguedthatalthoughthe"persuasive"effectofthe"exemplarymethod"inthediscourseactwasverysignificant,itwasbetterthanthe"rhetoricalargument".It'snoteasytogetapositiveresponsefromyouraudience.Rhetoricalargumentationandrhetoricalillustrationscanbeeffectivelyusedincombinationwiththelogicandreasoningbehavioroftheaudiencetomaximizetheirsuperiorityin"persuasiveeffect".Atthesametime,itcanalsocombineothermeansofappeal-audienceemotions,buildingcrediblerhetoricalpersonality,etc.toobtaintheaudience'sacceptanceandrecognitionofthespeechcontent.3.2Audiences—CoreElementsofRhetoricalPersuasionTheoryRhetorichasplacedthestudyofaudiencesatthecoreofitsdisciplinessinceitsbirth.Aristotleused"audiencebeliefs"asanimportantbasisforrhetoricalappeals.Hebelievedthatthespeakerscouldonlyconvincetheaudiencesuccessfullyiftheymadetheirspeechprocessinlinewiththeaudience'svalueexpectations.Theissuerofthelanguageactmustexplorehowtomakethelanguageusedbyhimclearandlogicallydemonstratethepointofview,sothatthediscourseaudiencehasasenseoftrustandidentity,andatthesametimemusttrytoshowthepersonalityoftheissuerofthelanguageactTraits,understandthewaysandmeansbywhichlanguagebehavioraudiencesproduceaspecificmood.Inotherwords,theissueroflanguagebehaviormustpayfullattentiontotheaudience’sbeliefs,values,socialstatusandotherfactors.Iftherhetoricistopersuadetheaudiencetobesuccessfullypersuaded,theymustsetuparelationshipwiththeaudience.Thelinguisticapproachstatesthattheprimarygoaloftherhetoricistobuildacommonpositionwiththeaudience.TherhetoricianPerelmanfocusesontheimportanceoftheaudienceinhisbookTheNewRhetoric:ATreatiseonArgumentation.Hebelievesthatthespeakermustkeepclosetoandadapttotheaudienceinordertoachievethebestspeecheffect(ChaimPerelman:1958).Evenattheideastagealone,thespeakermustenvisionhimselfasanaudiencetoensurethattheycangaintheirpsychologicalapprovalandcooperation.3.3Perelman'sdefinitionof"presence"Perelmanalsodefined"presence"as"presentationofsomefactorsinTheNewRhetoric:ATreatiseonArgumentation,anditisthesefactorsthatthespeakerwishestofocusontooccupytheprospectofthelistener'sconsciousness"(ChaimPerelman:1958).Thisdefinitioncoversseveralkeywordsofrhetoric:somefactors(thechoiceofinformation),presentation(therhetoricalpurposefulandconsciousdisplayofinformation),factorspeakers(rhetoric),listeners(audience),andprospects(rhetoriceffect).Thedefinitionof"presence"hasimportantimplicationsfortheChinese-Englishtranslationofthewhitepaper:1.Allrhetoricalargumentsareselective,ratherthanthetranslatorfaithfullyreproducestheoriginaltextverbatimaccordingtotheprincipleof"belief".2.Thetranslatormustnotonlychoosewhichinformationis"present",butalsothewayto"present"theinformation,thatis,toprocess,delete,andprocessthesourcelanguageinformationwhennecessary.3.Thetranslator's"choice"and"presentation"of"presence"isaimedatoccupyingtheaudience'sprospectsandachievingtheexpectedrhetoricaleffect.Section4DataCollectionSinceittookofficein2017,thenewUSadministrationhasthreatenedadditionaltariffsandothermeasuresandprovokedfrequenteconomicandtradefrictionwithitsmajortradingpartners.InresponsetotheeconomicandtradefrictionunilaterallyinitiatedbytheUSsinceMarch2018,Chinahashadtotakeforcefulmeasurestodefendtheinterestsofthenationanditspeople.ToprovideacomprehensivepictureoftheChina-USeconomicandtradeconsultations,andpresentChina’spolicypositionontheseconsultations,theChinesegovernmentherebyissuesthisWhitePaperinJune2019.TheChina’sPositionontheChina-USEconomicandTradeConsultationswhitepaperispublishedbyTheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofThePeople’sRepublicofChina.TheEnglish-languagefull-textversionhasmorethan6,000wordsandismadeupoffiveparts.ThefirstpartisPreface,whichintroducesthecausesandconsequencesofthetradewar,andbrieflyclarifiesChina'sposition.Thesecondpartgivesananalysisof"EconomicandtradefrictionprovokedbytheUSdamagestheinterestsofbothcountriesandofthewiderworld".Thethirdpartstatesthefactthat"TheUShasbacktrackedonitscommitmentsintheChina-USeconomicandtradeconsultations."Thefourthpartstates"Chinaiscommittedtocredibleconsultationsbasedonequalityandmutualbenefit."Finally,thereisConclusion.TheoriginalandtranslatedversionsareavailableonTheStateCouncilInformationOffice'sofficialwebsite.TheexamplesentencescitedinthisarticlearefromtheChineseandEnglishversionsofthiswhitepaper,sotheexamplesentencesusedinChapter5foranalysiswillnotbecitedonebyone.Section5AnalysisofTranslationMethodsAdoptedintheDatafromthePerspectiveofRhetoricalPersuasionIngeneral,theauthorstudiesthetranslationofChina’sPositionontheChina-USEconomicandTradeConsultationswhitepaper,andsummarizesthefollowingmethods:1.The"presence"principleandlogicaldiscussion.Itnotonlyselectsthe"presence"informationreasonably,butalsoresortstoreasoningforlogicalarguments.2.Focusonthecorepositionoftheaudience.Thegoalisnotonlytoexertinfluenceontheaudience,butalsotopayenoughemphasistothepowerandstatusoftheaudience.3.Languageexpressionstyleconversion.ItnotonlytransmittedtheChinesevoice,butalsoadheredtotheprincipleofeconomicandconcision.5.1RhetoricPersuasionappealingtorationalityinC-ETranslationofWhitePaperInessence,theChinese-Englishtranslationofthewhitepaperisacross-culturalcommunicationbehaviorinwhichthetranslatoracceptstheinformationtransferandcommunicationinteractionbetweentheoriginalauthorandthetranslationinitiatorandtheforeignaudience.Successfullypersuadingtheaudience-foreignaudiencesacceptandagreewiththeviewsstatedinthewhitepaper,whichisthepropagandaeffectthatthewhitepapertranslationstrivestoachieve.Translatorsmustactivelypromotetheirrhetoricawarenessanduseavarietyof"persuasive"methodstodescribeandconceivethediscourseofthetranslatedtextinordertoeffectivelyachievetheeffectofdocumenttranslation.Thetranslatormustbegoodatusingeffectivemeansofrecourse,especiallythepersuasiveeffecteasilyacceptedbyforeignaudiences,toconstructthediscourseofthetranslationinordertosuccessfullyachievetheintendedpurposeofthetranslation.Appealingtorationalityrequiresthatthetranslationofthewhitepaperintheconstructionprocessshouldstrivetoshowthegoodcoherenceandlogicwithinthetext.Thetranslatormustmakegreateffortstomakethelanguageexpressionprocess,languagelogicalrelationship,infectionmodeandotherfactorsofthedocumenttranslationfitthereadingcognitiveexpectationsofthetargetreadersinothercountriesandthelanguagelogicofthetranslation.Ontheotherhand,thelinguisticexpressions,logicalrelationsoflanguage,andinfectionmodesofsuchatranslationareinlinewiththecognitiveexpectationsoftargetreadersinothercountriesandtheexpectationsofthediscourselogicofthetranslation.However,Englishisametaphysicallanguage.Eachsentencehasasubject-predicatestructure,andthelogicalrelationshipbetweensentencesiscompact.Therefore,theuseofrelatedwordsrepresentinglogicalrelationshipsismorecommoninEnglish.Inthetranslationofthiswhitepaper,thetranslatorfullytookintoconsiderationthedistinctlanguagefeaturesofEnglishandChinese,andinmanyplaces:1.Addvocabularyrepresentinglogicalrelationships;2.Addshortsentencesrepresentinglogicalrelationships;3.Adjustthreetypesofparagraphstructurethemethodmakesthetranslationlogicalandrigorous.E.g.1Originaltext：兩國(guó)建交以來(lái)，雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系持續(xù)發(fā)展，合作領(lǐng)域不斷拓寬，合作水平不斷提高，形成了高度互補(bǔ)、利益交融的互利共贏關(guān)系，不僅兩國(guó)受益，而且惠及全球。Translation：SincetheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenChinaandtheUS,bilateraltradeandeconomicrelationshavecomealongway,withexpandingfieldsofcooperationathigherlevels.Amutuallybeneficialandwin-winrelationshipwithstrongcomplementarityandinterlinkedinterestshasbeenforged,benefitingnotonlythetwocountriesbutalsotheentireworld.Byaddinglogicalwords,thesentencestructureismorereasonableandthecausalrelationshipisclearer.E.g.2Originaltext：同時(shí)，中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話協(xié)商解決爭(zhēng)議的基本立場(chǎng)，與美國(guó)開(kāi)展多輪經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商，努力穩(wěn)定雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系Translation：Atthesametime,committedtoresolvingdisputesthroughdialogueandconsultation,ChinahasengagedinmultipleroundsofeconomicandtradeconsultationswiththeUSinanefforttostabilizethebilateralcommercialrelationship.E.g.3Originaltext：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)尚未完全走出國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的陰影，美國(guó)政府升級(jí)經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦、提高關(guān)稅水平，相關(guān)國(guó)家不得不采取相應(yīng)措施，導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)貿(mào)秩序紊亂，阻礙全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，殃及各國(guó)企業(yè)發(fā)展和人民福祉，使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)落入“衰退陷阱”。Translation：Withtheshadowoftheinternationalfinancialcrisisstilllingeringovertheglobaleconomy,theUSgovernmenthasescalatedeconomicandtradefrictionandhikedadditionaltariffs,provokingcorrespondingmeasuresbythecountriesinvolved.Thisdisruptsglobaleconomicandtradeorder,dampensworldeconomicrecovery,andunderminesthedevelopmentofcompaniesandthewell-beingofpeopleinallcountries,plungingtheworldeconomyintothe“recessiontrap”.Example2andExample3Byadjustingthesentencestructure,therhetoricalstructureandcausalityoftheoriginaltextareclearlydisplayedinawaythatismoreinlinewithEnglishlanguagehabits.5.2Focusonthe"audience"andimprovetheacceptabilityofthetranslationofthewhitepaperInasense,theChinese-Englishtranslationofthewhitepaperisaprocessof"persuading"thetargetaudienceofthetargetcountry.Therefore,itcanbeconsideredthatwhetherthetargettextcaneffectivelyinfluenceandaffectthetargetreaders.Coreprinciplesofsuccess.Atpresent,therehasbeenageneralconsensusonfocusingonthe"audiencefactor"inthetranslationofChineseandEnglishliterature.However,weshouldfurtherdiscovereffectivewaysandmethodstotranslatethisknowledgeintotranslationstrategies.Therefore,wecantrytherhetoricstrategyof"audiencecenter"toachievethepresettranslationeffectoftheChinese-Englishtranslationofthewhitepaperintheinitialstageoftranslation.Althoughrhetoriccaninfluencetheaudiencebyestablishingidentityandexertingpressure,theaudienceisnotinapositionofpassiveacceptanceandpowerlessnessinexternalpropagandatranslation.Whetherornottheeffectofexternalpublicitytranslationcanbeachieveddoesnotdependonwhattheaudience"hears",butonwhattheaudience"listensin".JamesHerrickbelievesthatonlywhentheaudienceiswillingtolistencanitbepossibletotakesomeaction,changesomeperspective,andacceptsomeposition.Itcanbesaidthattheaudienceisalwaysinacertainpowerpositionrelativetotherhetoric(JamesHerrick,2001:183).Therefore,intheprocessofexternaladvocacytranslation,thetranslatorneedstoconsidertheaudience'sdemands,understandtheaudience'sbeliefs,andusetheaudience'swillingnesstoacceptthepersuasion,induce,andmakenecessaryadjustmentsincontentandform.E.g.4Originaltext：中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系是兩國(guó)關(guān)系的“壓艙石”和“推進(jìn)器”，事關(guān)兩國(guó)人民根本利益，事關(guān)世界繁榮與穩(wěn)定。Translation：TheChina-UScommercialrelationshipservesasboththeballastandthepropelleroftheoverallbilateralrelationship.ThetranslationofunderlinedwordsconformstothereadinghabitsofEnglishaudiences.E.g.5Originaltext：中美合則兩利，斗則俱傷，合作是雙方唯一正確的選擇。Translation：China’spositionhasbeenconsistentandclear–thatcooperationservestheinterestsofthetwocountries,thatconflictcanonlyhurtboth,andthatcooperationistheonlycorrectchoiceforbothsides.Translatorsusethemethodofsupplementarytranslation,emphasizingChina’sposition.E.g.6Originaltext：現(xiàn)任美國(guó)政府奉行“美國(guó)優(yōu)先”政策，對(duì)外采取一