M5Unit2Theenvironment(測)-2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(新高考?江蘇)一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A(2021·浙江高三二模)Mud.Muck.Dirt.Althoughwehaveplentyofwordsforit,werarelygivesoilasecondthought.Butwithoutsoil,wewouldcertainlybedead.Soiliskeytoalmosteveryaspectoflifeonland,fromwaterstoragetoclimateregulation,floodprevention,nutrientcyclinganddecomposition(分解).Thedirtbeneathourfeetisalsoanexceptionallyhighsourceofbiodiversity:someestimatessuggestthatatleastonequarterofallspeciesliveinoronthesoil.TheUNhasnamed2015theYearofsoilsand5DecemberalsohappenstobeWorldSoilDay.Asplantsgraduallycolonizedthelandandbegantoinputlargequantitiesoforganicmatterintothesoil,itswaterstoragecapacityincreased.Waterstorageandfiltration(過濾)isoneofthemostimportantrolessoilplays,eventoday:wedependonitforourdrinkingwaterandagriculture.Thewaterstoragecapacityofsoilisalsoimportantinreducingfloodrisk,aswellasprovidinganimportantbufferagainstdrought.Butsoilisalsofacingseveredangerthesedays.Ineffect,ouragricultureisreversingbillionsofyearsofsoilevolutionandmakingoursoilseasiertowearaway.Infact,halfoftheworld’stopsoil,themostactiveandimportantpartofthesoil,hasbeenlostoverthelast150years.Theproblemmayonlygetworse.Theincreaseofagriculturalprocessesisloweringthesoilsqualityinaglobalscale,andwiththepopulationsettoreach9billionby2050,thesecurityofourfuturefoodsupplyishanginginthebalance.Thegoodnewsisthatifwedobegintakingbettercareoftheworld’ssoilwecantakeadvantageoftheircarbonstoringcapacity,tohelpfightagainsttheeffectsofclimatechange.Wemightnotgiveitmuchthought,butsoilissilentlykeepingusalive.Byactingnowtoprotectsoilasakeyecosystemworldwidewecanensureitcontinuestoprovideuswithcleanwater,foodandapleasantclimatefarintothefuture.1.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Soilhasbeenthoughthighlyofbyhumanrace. B.Soilhastoomanynamesforustocareforit.C.Wehaveneverpaidenoughattentiontosoil. D.It’shightimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectsoil.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hanginginthebalance”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Definite. B.Guaranteed. C.Ruined. D.Uncertain.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toshareacomment. B.Tomakeanappeal. C.Togiveanexample. D.Tointroduceatopic.B(2021·陜西榆林市教育科學(xué)研究所高三一模)Chemicalsarearequirementtokeepfarmerscompetitive,killpests,andproduceatascalethatmeanstheycanhaveagoodlivelihood.However,theEUhasbanned250chemicalpesticides,forcingfarmerstocomeupwithalternativesolutions.Theanswertoanenvironmentallyfriendlypest-freefarmisducks.Thisapproachwasviewedbythousandsofpeoplelatelastyearbuttheimagesturnedouttobefalse.However,aftersomedigging,wehavefoundthatitisrealinmanyotherplaces.ThereareanumberoffarmsincountrieslikeChina,Japan,andSouthAfricathatreleasethousandsofducksontheircropsinordertokeepoffsmallerbugs.Awinevineyard(葡萄園)calledVergenoegdinSouthAfricahasateamof1,200duckstodefenditsvineyards.Thelocationoftheplaceisbesidealargelakewhichmakessnailsarriveinincrediblenumberstothelocation.Leftunattended,theirvineyardswouldbedevouredbythesnails.Tocombatthis,thefarmershiresomeducks.Everymorning,theduckswillslowlygothroughthevineyardsandwillfinishupbyabout4pm.Afullday'sworkmaysoundprettytoughbuttheducksreceivegoodpayment,alltheycaneatinsnailsandotherinsects.Thefarmhasbeenusingduckssince1984aspesticidesarenottheonlybenefit.Ducksalsoprovidegreatfertilizerastheirpooisveryhighinnutrientsandhelpsthevinestogrowquicklyandstrongly.Whileusingducksinsteadofpesticidesseemstobeawin-winsituationallaround,itdoeshaveitsdrawbacks.Mostnotably,thecost.AtVergenoegd,theduckscostaboutnineteenthousanddollarsperyeartocarefor.ThevineyardsocialmediamanagerDavidBadenhorstsaysthatusingtraditionalchemical-basedmethodsofpestcontrolwouldbefarlessexpensive,butofcoursemuchlesssustainable.Farmersareworkingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtheirproductstoshowitismoreenvironmentalawareness.4.Whatdoweknowabouttheimagesmentionedinparagraph2?A.Theywereverypopular. B.Theyprovedtobereal.C.TheyweretakeninJapan. D.Theypollutedtheenvironment.5.WhydothefarmersuseducksinVergenoegd?A.Tomakeithometomoresnails. B.Toexpandthesizeofthevineyard.C.Totryanewwayofraisingducks. D.Tokeepitawayfromharmfulinsects.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devoured”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Tidied. B.Eatenup. C.Decorated. D.Takencareof.7.Whatcanweinferabouttraditionalchemical-basedmethodaccordingtoBadenhorst?A.Ithasmoreadvantages. B.It’llgainmorepopularitylater.C.Itcanbeexpensivesoon. D.Itfailstobeenvironment-friendly.C(2021·福建龍巖市高三一模)Plastic,adurablematerial,isprobablythedefinitive20thcentury“mod-con”.Ithasprovedattractivetoconsumersandmanufacturers.Butthetide,nowpackedwithanadditional8milliontonsofplasticenteringtheoceansannually,isslowlyturning.ThescaleoftheenvironmentalproblemwithplasticwasteisastonishingMorethan6.3billiontonsofplasticwastehasbeenproducedsincethe1950s,morethanhalfofwhichwasproducedinthepast16years,andplasticproductionisexpectedtodoubleagaininthenext20years.Despitehigherrecyclingrates,largeamountsofplasticleakintotheenvironment.Estimatessuggesttherewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheseaby2050andthereisevidencethatitispresentthroughoutthehumanfoodchain.Anecologicallyandtechnologicallysuperiorreplacementformanyusesofplasticislongoverdue.Consumershavebecomekeenrecyclers.Yetthisisnotasgoodanoutcomeasitseems.Evenwhenplasticsarerecyclableandputinarecyclingbin,themajoritystillendsupinlandfill,causinghugeemissionproblems,orendsupinthesea.Recyclingisacomplex,expensive,low-profitbusiness.Itismadeharderbecause,although95percentofpeopleintheUSandEUmarketsrecycle,onlyabout30percentrecyclecarefullyenoughforittobeusable.Nevertheless,growingdemandforalternativestoplasticisrunningaheadofthescientificbreakthroughs.Theseareneededtoensuretheenvironmentalimpactofreplacingitisanetpositive.Onepopularproposal—usingpaperinsteadofplasticifpossible—howevercouldexacerbatesglobalwarming,amorepressingproblem.Havingturnedconsumersintokeenrecyclers,governmentsmustensurerecyclingwork.Thiswillrequireaninternationallyjoined-upregulatory,environmentthatensuresmanufacturersbearthecostofusingnon-recyclableoruneconomicalmaterials.Equally,consumersshouldcontinuetodemandacircularplasticeconomy.Thiswouldbeaworldinwhichunnecessaryandeco-unfriendlyplasticiscompletelyremoved,allplasticpackagingis100percentreusableorrecyclable.Thewastemustend.8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellusabout?A.Plasticproduction. B.Lifechain. C.Materialsubstitution. D.Plasticproblem.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inthefifthparagraphmean?A.Affect. B.Better C.Remove D.Worsen.10.Whatwillmanufactureshavetodowithoutusingrecyclablematerials?A.Payfortheoutcome. B.Refundtheconsumers.C.Abandontheirproducts. D.Providetherecyclingstuff.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toinformusoftheplasticproblem.B.Topraiseconsumers’senseofresponsibility.C.Tosuggestthereisalongwaysolvingtheplasticproblem.D.ToindicatemanufacturersshouldcreateasaferenvironmentD(2021·內(nèi)蒙古包頭市高三期末)Reducing,reusingandrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.“RecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryuncomfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle,”saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesalternativesthatincludeburninggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuelstoheat1.2millionhomes.Abouthalfofhouseholdgarbageissenttooneofthe33waste-to-heatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoeco-friendlybiogas.Ithasmadefoodwastecollectioncompulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular(循環(huán)論證的)economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindanewwayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer(零售商)H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing.Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.12.WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A.Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B.EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.C.HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D.ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.13.Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A.Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels. B.Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C.Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely. D.Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.14.Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?A.Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms. B.Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C.Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs. D.Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.15.Fromwhichisthetextpossiblytaken?A.Abookoncityenvironment. B.Anewsreportonlocalenvironment.C.Asciencereportonpublichealth. D.AtravelguideonSweden.二、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2021·丹東市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院高三模擬)Recyclingreferstotheprocessofcollectingusedmaterialswhichareusuallyconsideredas‘waste’andreprocessingthem.Someofthemostcommonitemsthatarerecycledareplastic,glass,paper,batteries,etc.Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturersandforourenvironment.1Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.Oneofthebiggestreasonsisthatrecyclingreducesthepressureonourenvironment.Byusingwasteproductsinameaningfulway,wecanslowlydecreasethesizeofourlandfills.Asthepopulationgrows,itwillbecomedifficultforthelandfillstoholdsomuchtrash.Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.2Weknowthatrecyclinginvolvestheprocessingandusageofcoreelementsofoldproductsfortheproductionofnewproducts.3Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.4Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymorecostlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.Everyonecanmakeadifference.Ifyouthinkthatitmakesnodifferencewhetheryourecycleornot,thinkagain!Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.5Afterall,manyhandsmakelightwork.A.Recyclingisgoodforyourwallet.B.Thishelpsinsavingournaturalresources.C.Itstopshumansfromdamagingtheenvironment.D.Recyclinghelpstogetridofoldthingsandwaste.E.However,noteveryoneknowshowimportantitistorecycle.F.Wheneachofustakesaction,italladdsupandmakesarealdifference.G.Recyclinghelpstokeepthepollutionundercontrolanddecreaseitlittlebylittle.三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(改編自2021·湖北高三模擬)Withabout100,000marineanimalsbeingchokedorinjuredbyplasticeveryyear,thedangerposedbythepiecesofplasticfloatinginouroceansiswell-known.However,giventhatmostofthesmallplasticsmeasurelessthan0.5mm,collectingthemisa(n)1task.Now,someDutchenvironmentalistshavefoundawaytocatchplasticwaste2itreachestheopenseasandfallstopieces.The1,500-square-footRecycledFloatingParkisnowfloatingintheRotterdamHarborintheNetherlands.Scientists3bydevelopinga“plasticfisher”,afloatinggarbage4device.Fittedwithtwofoldingarmsthatenlargeseveralfeetintothewater,itusesanetto5wrappers,bottles,anyothergarbagethatfloatspast.Themovabledevice,whichtookayearandahalftobeperfected,wasthenplacedattheedgeoftheharbortocollectthecitythattrash6intheNewMeuseriver,whichroseinFranceandpassedthroughBelgium,andtheNetherlands,before7intotheNorthSea.SinceRotterdam’sNewWaterwayCanallinkstherivertotheNorthSea,itwasthe8placetocatchthe“fresh"plasticwastebeforeitdisappearedintotheopenwatersandbrokeinto9.Thewastecollectedbythe“plasticfisher”andhundredsofvolunteers,who10theriverbanks,wasthenmadeinto28hexagonal(六邊形的)floatswhichwere11tocreatethepark.Someoftheblocksare12tovisitors,whileothershousevarioustypesofplantsandeventreesfornestingbirds.Thebottomofthefloatsprovidesasuitable13foralgae,mussels,andfish.Therecycled14canalsobeusedtobuildsportsstadiums,publicwalkways,andculturalcenters.15,RecycledFloatingPark’ssuccesswillencouragecountriesworldwidetotakeonsimilarplans.1.A.challenging B.surprising C.impressive D.responsible2.A.after B.as C.before D.when3.A.prepared B.consumed C.succeeded D.began4.A.calculation B.collection C.conservation D.selection5.A.catch B.provide C.offer D.produce6.A.gathered B.recycled C.distributed D.expanded7.A.flowing B.spreading C.blowing D.extending8.A.central B.safe C.ideal D.remote9.A.masses B.pieces C.piles D.bands10.A.wiped B.removed C.submitted D.combed11.A.separated B.divided C.connected D.assorted12.A.empty B.blank C.bare D.open13.A.capacity B.location C.exit D.environment14.A.ranges B.blocks C.spaces D.squares15.A.Hopefully B.Obviously C.Naturally D.Fortunately四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(改編自2020·浙江紹興市高二期末)Whenmanstartshisworkinnature,thebalanceislikely1(disturb).Hegrowsacropandtakesitawaytoeat;thentherearenodeadleavestofallontheground,holdingwaterwhileitsinksintothesurface.Thusheismostlikelytomaketheland2(bad)yearbyyear.Totaketheplaceoftheusefulmatterinthecropsthatheremoves,heusessomekindoffertilizer.Insomeplaces,itisahabittoburnwastematerial3(lie)about,butsuchburningdestroystheusefulmatterthattheplantsneedtogrow.Inthepast,whentheworldpopulationwasmuchless,manhadlittledifficultygrowingthefood.Whenafield4hadbeenusedforsomeyearsbecametired,thefarmercouldmovetoanotherplace.Thetiredlandthenslowlyrecovered.5(Gradual)grassesandotherplantswouldappearonitandits6(product)powerwouldslowlyreturntonormal.Butnature,7(leave)alone,wouldtakealongtimetobringbackthelandtoitsformerstate.Thelengthoftimerequiredwould8onlocalconditions,butitmightwellbetenyears.Anyway,9isabadpracticetogrowthesamecropinafieldyearafteryearandisman’s10(responsible)tofindsolutionstotheproblemofsoilprotection.五、寫作寫作(一)(2021·河南開封市高三三模)假定你校英語社團(tuán)舉辦以“Thewaytoprotecttheenvironment”為主題的演講活動，請你用英語寫一篇演講稿。內(nèi)容主要包括：1.保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性；2.保護(hù)環(huán)境的具體措施。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右。2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________寫作(二)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。(2021·山東濰坊一中高三三模)Onemorningonmywaytoschool,noticedanelderlywomandressedinayellowvest(馬甲)carryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具).“What’sthatladydoing?”Iaskedmum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun,”mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickinguprubbishlookinglikeaconstructionworkerisfun?”Ipuzzled.ForseveralyearsI'dwitnessthismysteriousVestLady—rainorshine—onmywaytoschool.Ihadthoughtshewascrazyforpickinguprubbish.EventuallyIsmiledand