M5Unit2Theenvironment(測)-2022年高考英語一輪復習講練測(新高考?江蘇)一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A(2021·浙江高三二模)Mud.Muck.Dirt.Althoughwehaveplentyofwordsforit,werarelygivesoilasecondthought.Butwithoutsoil,wewouldcertainlybedead.Soiliskeytoalmosteveryaspectoflifeonland,fromwaterstoragetoclimateregulation,floodprevention,nutrientcyclinganddecomposition(分解).Thedirtbeneathourfeetisalsoanexceptionallyhighsourceofbiodiversity:someestimatessuggestthatatleastonequarterofallspeciesliveinoronthesoil.TheUNhasnamed2015theYearofsoilsand5DecemberalsohappenstobeWorldSoilDay.Asplantsgraduallycolonizedthelandandbegantoinputlargequantitiesoforganicmatterintothesoil,itswaterstoragecapacityincreased.Waterstorageandfiltration(過濾)isoneofthemostimportantrolessoilplays,eventoday:wedependonitforourdrinkingwaterandagriculture.Thewaterstoragecapacityofsoilisalsoimportantinreducingfloodrisk,aswellasprovidinganimportantbufferagainstdrought.Butsoilisalsofacingseveredangerthesedays.Ineffect,ouragricultureisreversingbillionsofyearsofsoilevolutionandmakingoursoilseasiertowearaway.Infact,halfoftheworld’stopsoil,themostactiveandimportantpartofthesoil,hasbeenlostoverthelast150years.Theproblemmayonlygetworse.Theincreaseofagriculturalprocessesisloweringthesoilsqualityinaglobalscale,andwiththepopulationsettoreach9billionby2050,thesecurityofourfuturefoodsupplyishanginginthebalance.Thegoodnewsisthatifwedobegintakingbettercareoftheworld’ssoilwecantakeadvantageoftheircarbonstoringcapacity,tohelpfightagainsttheeffectsofclimatechange.Wemightnotgiveitmuchthought,butsoilissilentlykeepingusalive.Byactingnowtoprotectsoilasakeyecosystemworldwidewecanensureitcontinuestoprovideuswithcleanwater,foodandapleasantclimatefarintothefuture.【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了土壤面臨著嚴重的危險，呼吁我們關注土壤并采取行動保護土壤這個全球重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。1.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Soilhasbeenthoughthighlyofbyhumanrace. B.Soilhastoomanynamesforustocareforit.C.Wehaveneverpaidenoughattentiontosoil. D.It’shightimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectsoil.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句內容“Althoughwehaveplentyofwordsforit,werarelygivesoilasecondthought.(盡管我們有很多詞匯來形容土地，但我們很少去想關于土地的事情。)可知，對于土地，人們沒有對它給予多的關心。故選C項。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hanginginthebalance”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Definite. B.Guaranteed. C.Ruined. D.Uncertain.【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第五段內容“Theproblemmayonlygetworse.Theincreaseofagriculturalprocessesisloweringthesoilsqualityinaglobalscale.(這個問題可能只會變得更糟。農(nóng)業(yè)進程的增加正在降低全球范圍內的土壤質量。)”可知，因為土壤質量下降，糧食供應問題應該是難以確定。故選D項。3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toshareacomment. B.Tomakeanappeal. C.Togiveanexample. D.Tointroduceatopic.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第最后一段最后一句內容“Byactingnowtoprotectsoilasakeyecosystemworldwidewecanensureitcontinuestoprovideuswithcleanwater,foodandapleasantclimatefarintothefuture.(現(xiàn)在就采取行動保護土壤這個全球重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們可以確保它在遙遠的將來繼續(xù)為我們提供清潔的水、食物和宜人的氣候。)”可知，作者的目的是在呼吁我們關注土壤。故選B項。B(2021·陜西榆林市教育科學研究所高三一模)Chemicalsarearequirementtokeepfarmerscompetitive,killpests,andproduceatascalethatmeanstheycanhaveagoodlivelihood.However,theEUhasbanned250chemicalpesticides,forcingfarmerstocomeupwithalternativesolutions.Theanswertoanenvironmentallyfriendlypest-freefarmisducks.Thisapproachwasviewedbythousandsofpeoplelatelastyearbuttheimagesturnedouttobefalse.However,aftersomedigging,wehavefoundthatitisrealinmanyotherplaces.ThereareanumberoffarmsincountrieslikeChina,Japan,andSouthAfricathatreleasethousandsofducksontheircropsinordertokeepoffsmallerbugs.Awinevineyard(葡萄園)calledVergenoegdinSouthAfricahasateamof1,200duckstodefenditsvineyards.Thelocationoftheplaceisbesidealargelakewhichmakessnailsarriveinincrediblenumberstothelocation.Leftunattended,theirvineyardswouldbedevouredbythesnails.Tocombatthis,thefarmershiresomeducks.Everymorning,theduckswillslowlygothroughthevineyardsandwillfinishupbyabout4pm.Afullday'sworkmaysoundprettytoughbuttheducksreceivegoodpayment,alltheycaneatinsnailsandotherinsects.Thefarmhasbeenusingduckssince1984aspesticidesarenottheonlybenefit.Ducksalsoprovidegreatfertilizerastheirpooisveryhighinnutrientsandhelpsthevinestogrowquicklyandstrongly.Whileusingducksinsteadofpesticidesseemstobeawin-winsituationallaround,itdoeshaveitsdrawbacks.Mostnotably,thecost.AtVergenoegd,theduckscostaboutnineteenthousanddollarsperyeartocarefor.ThevineyardsocialmediamanagerDavidBadenhorstsaysthatusingtraditionalchemical-basedmethodsofpestcontrolwouldbefarlessexpensive,butofcoursemuchlesssustainable.Farmersareworkingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtheirproductstoshowitismoreenvironmentalawareness.【語篇導讀】這是一篇新聞報道。介紹為了可持續(xù)發(fā)展，對環(huán)境有利，歐盟禁止多種農(nóng)藥的使用。改為在農(nóng)業(yè)用地養(yǎng)鴨子。這帶來了很多好處，同時也有不良影響。4.Whatdoweknowabouttheimagesmentionedinparagraph2?A.Theywereverypopular. B.Theyprovedtobereal.C.TheyweretakeninJapan. D.Theypollutedtheenvironment.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thisapproachwasviewedbythousandsofpeoplelatelastyearbuttheimagesturnedouttobefalse.”可知這一方法去年被成千上萬的人觀看；第二段最后一句“ThereareanumberoffarmsincountrieslikeChina,Japan,andSouthAfricathatreleasethousandsofducks”則表明許多國家許多農(nóng)場都養(yǎng)了鴨。故可推測出這一做法流行起來了。故選A項。5.WhydothefarmersuseducksinVergenoegd?A.Tomakeithometomoresnails. B.Toexpandthesizeofthevineyard.C.Totryanewwayofraisingducks. D.Tokeepitawayfromharmfulinsects.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“hasateamof1,200duckstodefenditsvineyards.”可知養(yǎng)鴨子是為了保護葡萄園；最后一句“…buttheducksreceivegoodpayment,alltheycaneatinsnailsandotherinsects.”可知所有的鴨子都能吃蝸牛等昆蟲。即養(yǎng)鴨子抓蟲子以保護葡萄園。故選D項。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devoured”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Tidied. B.Eatenup. C.Decorated. D.Takencareof.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Leftunattended,theirvineyardswouldbedevouredbyofthesnails.”可知如果葡萄園不加看護管理，就會被蝸牛devoured，而后文提到的是用養(yǎng)鴨子吃蝸牛，故可推測出如果蝸牛太多，對葡萄園有害：即葡萄樹被啃。A.Tidied整理；B.Eatenup吃光；C.Decorated裝飾；D.Takencareof照顧。故選B項。7.Whatcanweinferabouttraditionalchemical-basedmethodaccordingtoBadenhorst?A.Ithasmoreadvantages. B.It’llgainmorepopularitylater.C.Itcanbeexpensivesoon. D.Itfailstobeenvironment-friendly.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)二句“ThevineyardsocialmediamanagerDavidBadenhorstsaysthatusingtraditionalchemical-basedmethodsofpestcontrolwouldbefarlessexpensive,butofcoursemuchlesssustainable.”可知Badenhorst認為傳統(tǒng)的化學法管控昆蟲成本便宜點，但是不可持續(xù)，即對環(huán)境不友好。選項D指出傳統(tǒng)方法未能做到對環(huán)境友好。故選D項。C(2021·福建龍巖市高三一模)Plastic,adurablematerial,isprobablythedefinitive20thcentury“mod-con”.Ithasprovedattractivetoconsumersandmanufacturers.Butthetide,nowpackedwithanadditional8milliontonsofplasticenteringtheoceansannually,isslowlyturning.ThescaleoftheenvironmentalproblemwithplasticwasteisastonishingMorethan6.3billiontonsofplasticwastehasbeenproducedsincethe1950s,morethanhalfofwhichwasproducedinthepast16years,andplasticproductionisexpectedtodoubleagaininthenext20years.Despitehigherrecyclingrates,largeamountsofplasticleakintotheenvironment.Estimatessuggesttherewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheseaby2050andthereisevidencethatitispresentthroughoutthehumanfoodchain.Anecologicallyandtechnologicallysuperiorreplacementformanyusesofplasticislongoverdue.Consumershavebecomekeenrecyclers.Yetthisisnotasgoodanoutcomeasitseems.Evenwhenplasticsarerecyclableandputinarecyclingbin,themajoritystillendsupinlandfill,causinghugeemissionproblems,orendsupinthesea.Recyclingisacomplex,expensive,low-profitbusiness.Itismadeharderbecause,although95percentofpeopleintheUSandEUmarketsrecycle,onlyabout30percentrecyclecarefullyenoughforittobeusable.Nevertheless,growingdemandforalternativestoplasticisrunningaheadofthescientificbreakthroughs.Theseareneededtoensuretheenvironmentalimpactofreplacingitisanetpositive.Onepopularproposal—usingpaperinsteadofplasticifpossible—howevercouldexacerbatesglobalwarming,amorepressingproblem.Havingturnedconsumersintokeenrecyclers,governmentsmustensurerecyclingwork.Thiswillrequireaninternationallyjoined-upregulatory,environmentthatensuresmanufacturersbearthecostofusingnon-recyclableoruneconomicalmaterials.Equally,consumersshouldcontinuetodemandacircularplasticeconomy.Thiswouldbeaworldinwhichunnecessaryandeco-unfriendlyplasticiscompletelyremoved,allplasticpackagingis100percentreusableorrecyclable.Thewastemustend.【語篇導讀】本文是說明文。文章說明了塑料造成的污染問題。作者呼吁要確保塑料回收工作的順利進行，需要國際聯(lián)合監(jiān)管環(huán)境，需要政府、生產(chǎn)商、消費者共同合作。8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellusabout?A.Plasticproduction. B.Lifechain. C.Materialsubstitution. D.Plasticproblem.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。文章第二段首句提到“Thescaleoftheenvironmentalproblemwithplasticwasteisastonishing.(塑料垃圾造成的環(huán)境問題的規(guī)模是驚人的。)”；下文提到“l(fā)argeamountsofplasticleakintotheenvironment.…thereisevidencethatitispresentthroughoutthehumanfoodchain.(大量的塑料泄漏到環(huán)境中?！凶C據(jù)表明，塑料已經(jīng)存在于整個人類食物鏈中)”由此可知，該段主要告訴我們塑料產(chǎn)品帶來的問題。故選D。9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inthefifthparagraphmean?A.Affect. B.Better C.Remove D.Worsen.【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。劃線詞前提到“Onepopularproposal—usingpaperinsteadofplasticifpossible.”有人提出一個提議，用紙代替塑料；however表示語義轉折；由however可知，作者并不贊成這個提議；根據(jù)劃線詞后的“…globalwarming,amorepressingproblem(……全球變暖，這是一個更為緊迫的問題)”可知，作者認為用紙代替塑料是一個更為嚴峻的問題。由此可以猜測，exacerbate意思為“使加劇，使惡化”。故選D。10.Whatwillmanufactureshavetodowithoutusingrecyclablematerials?A.Payfortheoutcome. B.Refundtheconsumers.C.Abandontheirproducts. D.Providetherecyclingstuff.【答案】A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Thiswillrequireaninternationallyjoined-upregulatoryenvironmentthatensuresmanufacturersbearthecostofusingnon-recyclableoruneconomicalmaterials.(這將需要一個國際聯(lián)合對環(huán)境進行監(jiān)管，確保制造商承擔使用不可回收或不經(jīng)濟的材料的費用)”可知，制造商如果不使用可回收材料，那么他們將要為結果買單。故選A。11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toinformusoftheplasticproblem.B.Topraiseconsumers’senseofresponsibility.C.Tosuggestthereisalongwaysolvingtheplasticproblem.D.Toindicatemanufacturersshouldcreateasaferenvironment【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“governmentsmustensurerecyclingwork.”，政府必須保證塑料回收工作；最后一段中提到“Equally,consumersshouldcontinuetodemandacircularplasticeconomy.”，同樣，消費者應該繼續(xù)要求循環(huán)塑料經(jīng)濟。由此可以推斷，作者寫這篇文章的目的是表明塑料回收問題需要政府、生產(chǎn)商、消費者共同努力，解決塑料問題還有很長的路要走。故選C。D(2021·內蒙古包頭市高三期末)Reducing,reusingandrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.“RecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryuncomfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle,”saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesalternativesthatincludeburninggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuelstoheat1.2millionhomes.Abouthalfofhouseholdgarbageissenttooneofthe33waste-to-heatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoeco-friendlybiogas.Ithasmadefoodwastecollectioncompulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular(循環(huán)論證的)economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindanewwayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer(零售商)H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing.Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.【語篇導讀】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了瑞典在保護環(huán)境方面(尤其是在減少、再利用和回收廢棄物方面)做出的努力和貢獻。12.WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A.Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B.EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.C.HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D.ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.(可回收物被分為7類，而回收站距離所有居民區(qū)只有300米)”可知，在瑞典回收東西很方便。故選D項。13.Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A.Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels. B.Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C.Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely. D.Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindanewwayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.(瑞典政府成立了一個顧問團，以尋找一種新方法，將其納入環(huán)境政策)”可知，顧問團是為環(huán)境政策提供建議。故選D項。14.Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?A.Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms. B.Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C.Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs. D.Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.(現(xiàn)在政府正在改革其稅法，以便人們可以得到更便宜的維修或購買二手物品)”可知，政府通過提供較低的維修費用來鼓勵市民重復使用。故選C項。15.Fromwhichisthetextpossiblytaken?A.Abookoncityenvironment. B.Anewsreportonlocalenvironment.C.Asciencereportonpublichealth. D.AtravelguideonSweden.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Reducing,reusingandrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.(減少、再利用和回收是瑞典的一種生活方式)”和最后一段“Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.(瑞典正在通過做所有正確的事情來應對氣候變化。廢物回收和轉向循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的計劃將大大減少碳足跡，并有助于阻止全球變暖)”可知，本文主要是講述了瑞典在保護環(huán)境方面做出的努力和貢獻，因此本文最可能摘自一本關于城市環(huán)境的書。故選A項。二、七選五根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2021·丹東市教師進修學院高三模擬)Recyclingreferstotheprocessofcollectingusedmaterialswhichareusuallyconsideredas‘waste’andreprocessingthem.Someofthemostcommonitemsthatarerecycledareplastic,glass,paper,batteries,etc.Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturersandforourenvironment.1Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.Oneofthebiggestreasonsisthatrecyclingreducesthepressureonourenvironment.Byusingwasteproductsinameaningfulway,wecanslowlydecreasethesizeofourlandfills.Asthepopulationgrows,itwillbecomedifficultforthelandfillstoholdsomuchtrash.Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.2Weknowthatrecyclinginvolvestheprocessingandusageofcoreelementsofoldproductsfortheproductionofnewproducts.3Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.4Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymorecostlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.Everyonecanmakeadifference.Ifyouthinkthatitmakesnodifferencewhetheryourecycleornot,thinkagain!Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.5Afterall,manyhandsmakelightwork.A.Recyclingisgoodforyourwallet.B.Thishelpsinsavingournaturalresources.C.Itstopshumansfromdamagingtheenvironment.D.Recyclinghelpstogetridofoldthingsandwaste.E.However,noteveryoneknowshowimportantitistorecycle.F.Wheneachofustakesaction,italladdsupandmakesarealdifference.G.Recyclinghelpstokeepthepollutionundercontrolanddecreaseitlittlebylittle.【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章說明了回收利用的重要性，闡述了回收利用對環(huán)境，對經(jīng)濟的好處，并號召每個人都應該采取行動。1.【答案】E【解析】上文“Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturersandforourenvironment.(回收利用對我們，對制造商和我們的環(huán)境都有好處)”說明回收利用有好處，選項E“然而，不是每個人都知道回收利用的重要性?！背薪由衔?，轉折語義，說明回收利用的好處(即重要性)不是每個人都知道，引出下文“Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.(以下是為什么每個人都應該回收利用的一些好理由)”介紹為什么每個人都應該回收利用。選項中torecycle和上文中Recycling以及下文recycle語義一致，選項中important和上文good語義相關。故選E項。2.【答案】G【解析】上文“Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.(當這種情況發(fā)生時，我們的城市將面臨污染、中毒和許多健康問題)”說明我們的城市面臨著污染等問題，選項G“循環(huán)利用有助于控制污染，一點一點地減少污染”承接上文，說明循環(huán)利用可以幫助解決污染問題。選項中pollution和上文pollution語義一致。故選G項。3.【答案】B【解析】后文“Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.(例如，一份舊報紙被回收后，我們不需要使用另一棵樹的資源來生產(chǎn)新的紙制品。通過這種方式，適當?shù)幕厥湛梢詭椭覀儽Ｗo我們的自然資源)”舉例說明通過回收利用我們可以保護我們的自然資源，選項B“這有助于節(jié)約我們的自然資源?！闭窍挛呐e例說明的問題。選項中helpsinsavingournaturalresources和下文helpuspreserveournaturalresources語義一致。故選B項。4.【答案】A【解析】下文“Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymorecostlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.(再利用舊東西的成本比購買新東西要低。在美國的大多數(shù)州，處理垃圾實際上比回收垃圾更加昂貴。一些回收公司從社區(qū)購買廢物用于他們的回收活動。這會給你帶來額外的收入)”可知，回收再利用能夠節(jié)約成本，會給你帶來額外的收入，選項A“回收利用有利于你的錢袋子?！蔽挥诙问?，點明本段主題，說明回收利用能省錢。選項中wallet和下文money等語義相關。故選A項。5.【答案】F【解析】段落首句“Everyonecanmakeadifference.(每個人都可以有所作為)”點明本段主題，上句“Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.(我們每個人每年產(chǎn)生的廢物中，有一半以上是可以回收利用的，但其中很多最終都被掩埋了)”說明每個人產(chǎn)生的廢物中有一半是可以回收利用的，選項F“當我們每個人都采取行動的時候，所有這些加起來就會產(chǎn)生真正的效果?！狈媳径沃黝}，說明每個人都行動起來，就會有真正的效果。選項中eachofus和段落首句中Everyone以及上句中eachofus語義一致。故選F項。三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(改編自2021·湖北高三模擬)Withabout100,000marineanimalsbeingchokedorinjuredbyplasticeveryyear,thedangerposedbythepiecesofplasticfloatinginouroceansiswell-known.However,giventhatmostofthesmallplasticsmeasurelessthan0.5mm,collectingthemisa(n)1task.Now,someDutchenvironmentalistshavefoundawaytocatchplasticwaste2itreachestheopenseasandfallstopieces.The1,500-square-footRecycledFloatingParkisnowfloatingintheRotterdamHarborintheNetherlands.Scientists3bydevelopinga“plasticfisher”,afloatinggarbage4device.Fittedwithtwofoldingarmsthatenlargeseveralfeetintothewater,itusesanetto5wrappers,bottles,anyothergarbagethatfloatspast.Themovabledevice,whichtookayearandahalftobeperfected,wasthenplacedattheedgeoftheharbortocollectthecitythattrash6intheNewMeuseriver,whichroseinFranceandpassedthroughBelgium,andtheNetherlands,before7intotheNorthSea.SinceRotterdam’sNewWaterwayCanallinkstherivertotheNorthSea,itwasthe8placetocatchthe“fresh"plasticwastebeforeitdisappearedintotheopenwatersandbrokeinto9.Thewastecollectedbythe“plasticfisher”andhundredsofvolunteers,who10theriverbanks,wasthenmadeinto28hexagonal(六邊形的)floatswhichwere11tocreatethepark.Someoftheblocksare12tovisitors,whileothershousevarioustypesofplantsandeventreesfornestingbirds.Thebottomofthefloatsprovidesasuitable13foralgae,mussels,andfish.Therecycled14canalsobeusedtobuildsportsstadiums,publicwalkways,andculturalcenters.15,RecycledFloatingPark’ssuccesswillencouragecountriesworldwidetotakeonsimilarplans.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。每年約有10萬只海洋動物因塑料而窒息或受傷，海洋中漂浮的塑料碎片所造成的危險是眾所周知的，并且這種小垃圾很難收集，一些荷蘭環(huán)保人士找到了一種方法，建造回收漂浮公園，收集塑料垃圾。1.A.challenging B.surprising C.impressive D.responsible【答案】A【解析】A.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.surprising令人驚訝的；C.impressive給人印象深刻的；D.responsible有責任的。本段主要講流入或飄在海洋的塑料垃圾危害動物的安全，而上文“giventhatmostofthesmallplasticsmeasurelessthan0.5mm”，可知有些垃圾很小，所以收集它們很困難，具有挑戰(zhàn)性，故選A。2.A.after B.as C.before D.when【答案】C【解析】A.after在……之后；B.as由于；C.before在……之前；D.when當……時候。根據(jù)前文提到塑料垃圾對海洋生物的危害，所以要在它們流入海洋或變得更小之前收集起來，故選C。3.A.prepared B.consumed C.succeeded D.began【答案】D【解析】A.prepared準備；B.consumed消耗，耗費，消費；C.succeeded成功；D.began開始。根據(jù)上文“The1,500-square-footRecycledFloatingParkisnowfloatingintheRotterdamHarborintheNetherlands.”(這個1500平方英尺的回收漂浮公園現(xiàn)在漂浮在荷蘭鹿特丹港)說明科學家開始著手研制，故選D。4.A.calculation B.collection C.conservation D.selection【答案】B【解析】A.calculation計算；B.collection收集；C.conservation保護；D.selection選擇。根據(jù)第一段及全文，要把垃圾收集起來，所以plasticfisher應為垃圾收集裝置。故選B。5.A.catch B.provide C.offer D.produce【答案】A【解析】A.catch抓??；B.provide提供；C.offer提供；D.produce生產(chǎn)?！皃lasticfisher”可以深入水中，用網(wǎng)子抓住那些漂浮的瓶子等垃圾。對應第一段最后一句中“catchplasticwaste”，故選A。6.A.gathered B.recycled C.distributed D.expanded【答案】A【解析】A.gathered聚集；B.recycled回收利用；C.distributed分配，分布；D.expanded擴大。故選A。根據(jù)下文“intheNewMeuseriver”，可知收集聚集在默茲河的城市垃圾，故選A。7.A.flowing B.spreading C.blowing D.extending【答案】A【解析】A.flowing流入；B.spreading傳播；C.blowing吹；D.extending延伸。根據(jù)第一段中最后“itreachestheopensea”,和第三段最后的“disappearintotheopensea”可推斷出，此處應為同義表達，流入北海，故選A。8.A.central B.safe C.ideal D.remote【答案】C【解析】A.central中心的；B.safe安全的；C.ideal理想的；D.remote遙遠的。此句中since表因為，這里地理位置優(yōu)越，所以是理想的地點。故選C。9.A.masses B.pieces C.piles D.bands【答案】B【解析】A.masses大量；B.pieces碎片；C.piles堆；D.bands群。對應文章第一段最后一句“itreachestheopenseasandfallstopieces”可知此處為pieces，故選B。10.A.wiped B.removed C.submitted D.combed【答案】D【解析】A.wiped擦拭，消除；B.removed移動；C.submitted提交，呈遞；D.combed梳理。根據(jù)下文“wasthenmadeinto28hexagonal(六邊形的)floats”，可知是梳理整理垃圾，故選D。11.A.separated B.divided C.connected D.assorted【答案】C【解析】A.separated分開；B.divided劃分；C.connected連接；D.assorted分類。根據(jù)下文“createthepark”，說明把28個六邊形浮板連接一起形成公園，故選C。12.A.empty B.blank C.bare D.open【答案】D【解析】A.empty空的；B.blank空白的；C.bare光禿禿的；D.open開放的。根據(jù)下文“tovisitors”可知是公園對游客開發(fā)，故選D。13.A.capacity B.location C.exit D.environment【答案】D【解析】A.capacity容量；B.location位置；C.exit出口；D.environment環(huán)境。根據(jù)下文“foralgae,mussels,andfish”，可知是為它們提供了一個適合生存的環(huán)境，故選D。14.A.ranges B.blocks C.spaces D.squares【答案】B【解析】A.ranges范圍；B.blocks街區(qū)；C.spaces空間；D.squares正方形。根據(jù)前文的“blocks”，可判斷推理出此處應為這些可循環(huán)使用的漂浮的街區(qū)的額外功能。故選B。15.A.Hopefully B.Obviously C.Naturally D.Fortunately【答案】A【解析】A.Hopefully有希望地；B.Obviously顯然地；C.Naturally自然地；D.Fortunately幸運地。根據(jù)下文“takeonsimilarplans”，可知是希望這么做，故選A。四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。(改編自2020·浙江紹興市高二期末)Whenmanstartshisworkinnature,thebalanceislikely1(disturb).Hegrowsacropandtakesitawaytoeat;thentherearenodeadleavestofallontheground,holdingwaterwhileitsinksintothesurface.Thusheismostlikelytomaketheland2(bad)yearbyyear.Totaketheplaceoftheusefulmatterinthecropsthatheremoves,heusessomekindoffertilizer.Insomeplaces,itisahabittoburnwastematerial3(lie)about,butsuchburningdestroystheusefulmatterthattheplantsneedtogrow.Inthepast,whentheworldpopulationwasmuchless,manhadlittledifficultygrowingthefood.Whenafield4hadbeenusedforsomeyearsbecametired,thefarmercouldmovetoanotherplace.Thetiredlandthenslowlyrecovered.5(Gradual)grassesandotherplantswouldappearonitandits6(product)powerwouldslowlyreturntonormal.Butnature,7(leave)alone,wouldtakealongtimetobringbackthelandtoitsformerstate.Thelengthoftimerequiredwould8onlocalconditions,butitmightwellbetenyears.Anyway,9isabadpracticetogrowthesamecropinafieldyearafteryearandisman’s10(responsible)tofindsolutionstotheproblemofsoilprotection.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人類在大自然中種植糧食，會對大自然造成的不良影響。指出在一塊地里年復一年地種同一種作物是不好的做法，找到解決土壤保護問題的辦法是人類的責任。1.【答案】tobedisturbed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。表示“可能做某事”短語為belikelytodosth.，且balance與disturb構成被動關系，故應用tobedone形式。故填tobedisturbed。句意：當人類開始在大自然中工作時，這種平衡很可能被打破。2.【答案】worse【解析】考查詞形轉換(比較級)。結合句意“一年比一年糟糕”可知應用比較級worse，作賓補。故填worse。句意：因此，他很有可能讓土地一年比一年糟糕。3.【答案】lying【解析】考查非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，lie的現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。句意：在一些地方，焚燒到處散落的廢棄物是一種習慣，但這樣的焚燒破壞了植物生長所需的有用物質。4.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定語從句。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞field，先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，故應用關系代詞which或that引導。故填which/that。句意：當一塊用了好幾年的土地變得貧瘠了，農(nóng)民可以搬到另一個地方去。5.【答案】Gradually【解析】考查詞性轉換(副詞)。修飾后文整個句子，應用副詞gradually，作狀語。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Gradually。6.【答案】productive【解析】考查詞性轉換(形容詞)。修飾名詞power用形容詞productive。句意：漸漸地，上面會出現(xiàn)草和其他植物，它的生產(chǎn)力也會慢慢恢復正常。7.【答案】left【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是，如果任憑自然界的力量，將需要很長的時間才能使土地恢復到以前的狀態(tài)。分析句子可知leave在句中應用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語nature構成被動關系，故應用過去分詞。故填left。8.【答案】depend/rely【解析】考查動詞短語。depend/relyon依靠。句意：所需的時間長短將視當?shù)厍闆r而定，但很可能是10年。9.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句意：無論如何，在一塊地里年復一年地種同一種作物是不好的做法，找到解決土壤保護問題的辦法是人類的責任。此處為it作形式主語，不定式為真正主語。故填it。10.【答案】responsibility【解析】考查詞性轉換(名詞)。句意：無論如何，在一塊地里年復一年地種同一種作物是不好的做法，找到解決土壤保護問題的辦法是人類的責任。根據(jù)上文名詞所有格man’s可知應填名詞responsibility，表抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填responsibility。五、寫作寫作(一)(2021·河南開封市高三三模)假定你校英語社團舉辦以“Thewaytoprotecttheenvironment”為主題的演講活動，請你用英語寫一篇演講稿。內容主要包括：1.保護環(huán)境的重要性；2.保護環(huán)境的具體措施。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右。2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Withthedevelopmentofoursociety,energyintheworldbecomesmoreandmorelimited,soitisquiteimportantforustosaveenergyandtoprotectourenvironment.Asastudent,weshouldtakethefollowingmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.First,walkingtoschoolisagoodwaytoreducepollution.Second,weshouldplanttreeseveryspringtoprotectthesoilfrombeingwashedaway