人教選擇性必修Book1

DiscoveringUsefulstructures

P5

Unit1PeopleofAchievementreviewtheusageofrelativesdistinguishrestrictiveattributeclausesandnon-restrictiveclausescorretlyusetherelativesincontext010203LearningobjectivesAttheendoftheclass,studentswillbeableto:ZhongNanshanTuYouyouLeadinTuYouyouisascientistwhocontributedtoanewtreatmentfor

malaria.ZhongNanshan,whomanagedtheSARSoutbreak,playedacrucialroleincontrollingoutbreaksandpandemics.AlexanderFlemingAlbertEinsteinLeadinAlexanderFlemingisabiochemistwhodiscoveredpenicilin.AlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.LeohMingPei

貝聿銘LeadinJ.K.Rowlingisaworld-famousauthor,whowrotetheHarryPotterseries.LeohMingPei,whowasborninGuangzhou,China,isafamousChinese-Americanarchitect.Readandidentify1.TuYouyouisascientistwhocontributedtoanewtreatmentfor

malaria.2.ZhongNanshan,whomanagedtheSARSoutbreak,playedacriticalroleincontrollingoutbreaksandpandemics.3.AlexanderFlemingisabiochemistwhodiscoveredpenicilin.4.AlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.5.J.K.Rowlingisaworld-famousauthor,whowrotetheHarryPotterseries.6.LeohMingPei,whowasborninGuangzhou,China,isafamousChinese-Americanarchitect.Readandidenfity限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，修飾限定先行詞，不可或缺從句對(duì)先行詞或整個(gè)句子起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明、解釋?zhuān)u(píng)論等作用只能修飾先行詞，不修飾整個(gè)主句即可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句可用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，不能用that引導(dǎo)從句從句前一般不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)從句和先行詞或主句之間一般用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)ReadandidenfityLeohMingPei,whowasborninGuangzhou,China,isafamousChinese-Americanarchitect.先行詞：被修飾的名詞/代詞關(guān)系代詞(1)Thisisthephoto_____________Itook.(2)Thisisthepen______________heboughtyesterday.

(3)Sheisthewoman_______________Iknow.(4)Thisisthebook_____________

youaskedfor.(5)That’sthereason_______heisleavingsoearly.(6)Theshedinourgarden,_________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.(7)ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.(8)Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.(9)Theauthorofthebook,________Imetatapartylastweek,provedtobeawell-knownjournalist.

(which/that)

(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)whywhichwhichwhichwhom引導(dǎo)詞對(duì)比小結(jié)：1)關(guān)系代詞that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在任何情況下都不可省略；3)關(guān)系副詞why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Fill&CompareReviewrelativesas和which都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的從句既可以位于句前，也可以位于句后，主句沒(méi)有前后邏輯關(guān)系，常表示“正如……”；which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句后，主從句常有一定的因果關(guān)系或前后順序，常表示“這一點(diǎn)……”。例：Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.

液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。

非限制性定從中關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別Aseveryoneknows,allthatglittersisnotgold.=Allthatglitters,aseveryoneknows,isnotgold.=Allthatglittersisnotgold,aseveryoneknows.

眾所周知，并非所有發(fā)光的東西都是金子。_____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As【即學(xué)即練】√

Choosethewordsintheboxtocompletethesentences.(p.62)whowhomwhichwhosewhenwherein/of/forwhichofwhom1.Somepeoplealwaystalkloudlyinpublic,________isreallyannoying.2.ProfessorLu,________youspoketo,specialisesinconstitutionallaw.3.Pleasecomebackatfouro’clock,_______yourherbalmedicinewillbeready.4.Whatdoyouwanttowriteaboutthesepeople,________storiesIhavejusttoldyou?5.HaveyoubeentotheLouvreMuseum,________youcanseetheMonaLisaondisplay?6.Thereare45studentsinourclass,out________only10aretakinganoptionalartcourse.7.Hermotherworksinacompany,_______________employeesareallwomen.8.Itisvitaltolearntousethesesoftwareprogrammes,both________canhelpyouwithcollectionandevaluation.whichwhomwhenwhosewhereofwhominwhich/whereofwhichPractice(1)CharlesSmith,

whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

(2)Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuchbetter.

(3)MysisterwhoworksinShanghaisendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.

(4)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.

CharlesSmith去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。他們依靠自己，這樣好的多。我在上海工作的姐姐幾乎每天都給我發(fā)電子郵件。他就是汽車(chē)被竊的那個(gè)人。翻譯對(duì)比小結(jié)：1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常譯成主句的并列句；2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“……的”。Translate&Compare1.Pleasewritedownthesephrases,allofthemwillbeusefulinyourwriting.2.Asaconsequenceofsendinginhisapplicationlate,hedidnotgetapatentforhisinvention,thatwasnotsurprisingatall.3.Theresearcherareevaluatingthousandsofplants,whichhavedistinctmedicalproperties.Decidewhetherthesentencesarerightorwrong.Correctthem.Practicewhichwhich√4.Thegentleoldmanistheonlyperson,whomIcantrust.5.Haveyoudoneallwhatyoucantohelpthepeopleinneed.6.Isthisthebotanicalinstitutewhereyouvisitedlastweek.Decidewhetherthesentencesarerightorwrong.Correctthem.Practicethatthatthat/which

定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that的情況：1.先行詞是不定代詞

e.g.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknew.

2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾

e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtwithmyownmoney.

3.先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾

e.g.ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.

4.先行詞被theonly/verythesame,theright,thelast等表示“唯一”、“恰恰是”、“正是等修飾e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI'vebeenlookingfor.5.先行詞既有人又有物

e.g.Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsthatwerememberedfromourtrip.

6.主句是who/which疑問(wèn)句Whichisthecarthatwontherace?Readthepassage,andthenfillintheblankswithrelativepronounsoradverbs.SunYat-sen(1866-1925)waswidelyconsideredtobethefounderandforerunnerofmodernChina.Hewasonlyinpowerforashorttime,whenhewas

presidentofthecountryin1912.Soitmayseemoddtosomepeople___________knowledgeofChinamaybelimitedthatheissuchanimportantfigure.However,hisinfluenceisnotbasedonhistimeinoffice,butonhiscontinuousstruggleforabettersocietyandhisconcernforallChinesepeople.Healsoputforwardmanyadvancedideas_______broughttheChinesepeopletogether,inparticular,theThreePrinciplesofthePeople.TheseprincipleswereinspiredbyLincoln,____________headmired,

whose

which/that

who/whomReadthepassage,andthenfillintheblankswithrelativepronounsoradverbs.andweredevelopedwhenhewastravellingoverseas,_______hewenttofindsupportforhiscountry.Thefirstprincipleisaboutnationalism,_______indicatesthatChinashouldneverbedividedandshouldnotbeunderanyforeigncontrol.Thesecondisaboutpeople’srights.Itmeansthatallpeoplehavegreatvalueand

shouldalsohavethesamerights.Thethirdisaboutpeople’slivelihood,_______meansthatthegovernmentshouldcreateopportunitiesforpeopletomakeagoodliving.

where

which

which1.Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?

Abiography.2.WhatremarkableachievementdoesthepassagetellaboutSunYat-sen?

HewasthefounderandforerunnerofmodernChinaandputforwardtheThreePrinciplesofthePeople.①②Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Example:

ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpennicillin.ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,whodiscoveredpennicillin.1.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitler

wasinpower.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.

Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.(p.5)Practice4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei---afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei---afamousChinese-Americanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.Chooseagreatpersonandwriteafewsentencesabouthimorher.(p.62)Transfer1.SongQingling,whowasDrSunYat-sen’swifeandoneofthetopleadersinmodernChinesehistory,devotedherlifetoimprovingthewelfareofwomenandchildren.2.HuangWenxiu,whowasavillageofficial,workedonthefrontlinesofthefightagainstpovertytohelpvillagerstoincreasetheirincomes.Shediedattheageof30inanaccident.3.NormanBethune,whocametoChinainWorldWarII,workedselflesslyinChinaasadoctorandsavedmanyChinesepeople.4.LuXunwasaleadingfigureofmodernChineseliterature.LuXunLiteraturePrize,whichisoneofChina’stopfourliteraryprizes,isawardedeverythreeyears.5.JoanofArc,whowasagirldressedasaman,wenttofightforhercountry.ShehelpeddrivetheEnglishinvadersoutofFrance.Summary【即學(xué)即用】?jī)?yōu)化p.15

單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thegirl,_________________Ioftensayhelloto,ishelpingmewithmyEnglish.

②_________________wehadexpected,thenewplanworkedoutverywell.

③Theoldmancametoanisland,________________hemetthefamousscientist.

whomAswhereExercises④HewillcomebackinJuly,_________________wewillhaveagoodtalk.

⑤Thefarmerwasworkinginthefield,_________________sonwasplayingbesidehim.⑥Theman,_________________wasborninasmallvillage,hasbecomefamousnow.

whenwhosewho句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑦M(jìn)ybrotherridesanewbikeanditwasboughtlastmonth.Mybrotherridesanewbike,__________________________________________.

whichwasboughtlastmonth【即學(xué)即用】

單句語(yǔ)法填空⑧TheythankedTom,_________________whosesupporttheywouldnothavesucceeded.

⑨Thesenewneighbours,__________whomIwasintroducedyesterday,werefriendly.withoutto句型轉(zhuǎn)換Theoldprofessorhastwochildren,andbothofthemarehard-working.Theoldprofessorhastwochildren,_________________________________________.

Thegirlsarecleaningthewindows,andmostofthemareverydirty.Thegirlsarecleaningthewindows,

_________________________________________.

bothofwhomare

hard-workingmostofwhichareverydirty【即學(xué)即用】?jī)?yōu)化p.1