類型6|生態(tài)環(huán)?？疾橐c方法技巧1．生態(tài)環(huán)保的現(xiàn)狀，造成的影響。2．生態(tài)環(huán)境被破壞的因素，產(chǎn)生的后果。3．保護生態(tài)環(huán)境的措施、步驟。1．理清文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，把握主旨大意。2．抓住造成生態(tài)環(huán)境變遷的原因這一主線。3．領(lǐng)會作者所透露出的觀點態(tài)度。[經(jīng)典案例分析](2017·全國卷Ⅲ·C)AfteryearsofheateddebatePark.Fourteenpark.ByintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear，theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates，buttheyweregraduallydisplaceddevelopment.Bydevelopment.Bythe1920s，wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada，wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources(來源)forthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被)，whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves，coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes，andpletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966，biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearsingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk，deer，andcoyotepopulationsaredown，whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeaeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。在爭議了幾年之后，黃石國家公園終于把灰狼重新引入公園，以保持園內(nèi)的生態(tài)平衡?！鹃L難句解讀】TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.[分析]本句雖然比較長，但為簡單句。句子的主體是TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperiment，不定式tohelp...作后置定語，疑問詞加不定式whetherto...作decide的賓語。[譯文]黃石公園灰狼的引進已成為一次有價值的實驗，以幫助生物學(xué)家決定是否也在國家的其他地方重新引進灰狼。1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstone[考查主旨大意，命題點為保護生態(tài)環(huán)境所采取的措施?？v觀全文可知，本文主要談了將灰狼重新引入黃石國家公園的原因以及這一舉措的成效等，故選D項。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inParagraph2mean?A．Tested. B．Separated.C．Forcedout. D．Trackeddown.[考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)上文可知，灰狼曾經(jīng)隨處可見，再結(jié)合后文由于人類的發(fā)展灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，幾乎消失了可推知displaced應(yīng)表示“被迫離開”，故選C項。]3．Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?A．Damagetolocalecology.B．Adeclineinthepark'sine.C．Preservationofvegetation.D．Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.[考查推理判斷，解題的關(guān)鍵在于抓住造成生態(tài)環(huán)境變遷的原因這一主線。由第三段可知，灰狼的消失產(chǎn)生了很多意想不到的結(jié)果，鹿群及叢林狼的數(shù)量快速增長，前者導(dǎo)致植被破壞，后者殺死大量紅狐貍并將河貍趕出公園。由此可知，灰狼的消失導(dǎo)致當?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)失去平衡，故選A項。]4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A．Doubtful. B．Positive.C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的avaluableexperiment可推知，作者認為這項工程很有價值，因此他的態(tài)度應(yīng)當是積極肯定的，故選B項。][題材對點訓(xùn)練]A(2017·湖南省部分重點中學(xué)考前演練)Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionforextraordinarychange.AghanOscarisjustamongthem.Thirteenyearsago,Aghan,botheredbytheever-increasingquantityofplasticwasteinthislow-inesuburbofNairobi,decidedtofindawaytorecycleit.Nowhispany,ContinentalRenewableEnergyCo.Ltd(COREC),producespolesforuseinconstruction,farmingandroadsigns.Sofarhe'ssold96，000,andhesayshispotentialforgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderable1expenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants.MostofAghan'scustomersarefarmersanddeveloperswhoonceusedwoodenfencepoles.Customerssaytheyhaveotherbenefitsaswell.“Ihavefencedmypieceoflandthreetimesusingwoodposts,butmostofthetimethefencewasvandalized(故意破壞)byvillagerswhousedthepostsasfirewood，”saidCalebKapten.Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.TheKenyaNationalHighwaysAuthorityisoneofCOREC'sbiggestcustomers.Itapproachedthepanyafterroadsignswerevandalizedbycriminals4whosoldthemetalpolestosteelmanufacturingpanies.Aghanreckons(估計)thatCOREC'sproductshavesavedthegovernmentmillionsofshillings,besidespreventingroadaccidents.AndhealsopointsoutthatCOREChasbeenabletoconserve2largenumbersoftreesbyproducingplasticpoles.WhenAghanstartedthisrecyclingbusinessin2003,mostofhisemployeeswerehisfamilymembersduetofinancial5constraints(限制).Nowheemploys250youngpeopletocollectplasticwaste.Fiftymoreyouthsworkontheproductionline,wherethewasteissorted6accordingtoqualitybeforebeingcrushedandwashed,meltedandcastintodifferentshapes.Thepolesarethenarrangedbyshapeandsizeforsaleintheyardoftherecyclingplant.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。受日益增多的塑料垃圾所擾的Aghan創(chuàng)辦了自己的公司來解決這個問題，他們回收利用廢棄塑料來生產(chǎn)塑料桿兒，用于建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)和交通領(lǐng)域。1.What'sthebiggestchallengeofAghan'sfuturecareer?A．Thepoortechnologyinrecycling.B．Thehighcostofbuildingfactories.C．Theincreasingpilesofplasticwaste.D．Thelimitedpolicysupportinrecycling.B[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“hispotentialforgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderableexpenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants”可知，Aghan未來事業(yè)面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是建造塑料回收工廠的費用過高，故選B。]2.HowwasCalebKapten'sproblemfinallysolved?A．Hegaveupfencinghisland.B．Heguardedthelandmorecarefully.C．Hereplacedthewoodpostswithplasticones.D．Hegotsomedonatedmetalposts.C[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem...”可知CalebKapten的問題因使用塑料桿兒來代替木桿兒而得到解決，故選C。]3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．GreatdifficultyfacingAghan.B．Strictstandardsofplasticpoles.C．Variouswaysofmakingplasticpoles.D．Theplexprocessofrecyclingplasticwaste.D[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“heemploys250youngpeopletocollectplasticwaste”“Fiftymoreyouthsworkontheproductionline，wherethewasteissortedaccordingtoqualitybeforebeingcrushedandwashed，meltedandcastintodifferentshapes.Thepolesarethenarrangedbyshapeandsizeforsaleintheyardoftherecyclingplant.”可知，將廢棄塑料回收再利用需要耗費巨大的人力，其過程復(fù)雜繁瑣，故選D。]4.Whichbestshowsthestructureofthetext?D[考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)。通讀全文可知，第一段屬于主旨段，引出本文的話題；第二段講的是Aghan創(chuàng)辦了自己的公司，生產(chǎn)用于建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)和路標的塑料桿兒；第三段和第四段分別介紹塑料桿兒在農(nóng)業(yè)和交通領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，屬于對第二段內(nèi)容的擴展；第五段主要介紹這種塑料桿兒的生產(chǎn)過程，與第二段是并列關(guān)系。故選D。]【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：】B(2017·金考卷原創(chuàng)卷一)Nineoutoftenpeopleontheplanetbreathepollutedair,evenindoors,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)said.Some92%ofthepopulationliveinplaceswhereairpollutionexceeds(超過)WHOlimits.Airpollutioncancontributetolungcancerandheartdisease.TheSoutheastAsiaandWesternPacificregionsaccountfornearlytwooutofeverythreesuchdeaths,withpoorercountries“gettingworse”.Aroundthreemilliondeathseveryyeararelinkedtooutdoorairpollution.When“indoor”airpollution—whichincludescontaminantslikewoodsmokeandcookingfires—isadded,airpollutionislinkedtooneineveryninedeathsworldwide,theWHOsaid.Theairqualitymodelusedinthedatameasuresthesmallestparticles(顆粒),lessthan2.5micrometresacross,whichcanenterthebloodstreamandreachthebrain.Country-by-countrydatashowedthatTurkmenistanisrankedfirstforthedeathrateconnectedtoairpollution.Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,Afghanistan,andEgyptroundedoutthetopfive.“Richcountriesaregettingmuchbetterinimprovingthequalityoftheair，”DrCarlosDorafromtheWHOtoldtheAssociatedPress.“Poorercountriesaregettingworse.”However,hesaid,NorthAmericaisdoingbetterthanEurope,mostlybecauseEuropedependsmoreondieselfuel(柴油)andfarmingpractices.China,thecountrywiththesixth-highestdeathratelinkedtoairpollution,isrelativelywealthy,butisbotheredbysmoginitscitiesandpollutedairfromindustrialsources.TheWHOpointedtosustainable3transport,wastemanagement,andrenewableenergiesaspossiblewaystoreduceairpollution.Itsaiditslatestdatarepresentedthemostdetailedstudyithaseverreleased.Theanalysisbinedsatellitemeasurementandmorethan3，000monitoringstationsonthegroundwithairtransportmodels.Thereportisbasedon2012figures,whicharethemostrecentdataavailable.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。全球90%的人呼吸著被污染的空氣，而空氣污染會引發(fā)多種疾病。貧窮國家的空氣污染越來越嚴重。世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，要想減少空氣污染就必須改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞胶蜕a(chǎn)方式。5．Howisthetextorganized?A．Conclusions-Consequences-Examples-Solutions.B．Facts-Reasons-Examples-Solutions.C．Reasons-Effects-Solutions-Trends.D．Trends-Opinions-Reasons-Solutions.A[考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段提到了關(guān)于空氣污染的結(jié)論，第二段主要講的是空氣污染產(chǎn)生的后果，第三段是例子，第四段提出治理空氣污染的方法。故選A。]6．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2referto?A．Heatingtools.B．Indoorwaste.C．Producingactivities.D．Harmfulsubstances.D[考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“‘indoor’airpollution”以及畫線詞后的“l(fā)i