2025年托福考試閱讀真題模擬模擬試卷：人口城市化進程考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選詞填空題要求：從每道題的四個選項中，選擇最合適的單詞填入句子空白處，使句子意思完整、通順。每道題只有一個正確答案。（1）Therapid______ofcitiesaroundtheworldhasledtosignificantchangesinboththeenvironmentandhumansociety.A.expansionB.declineC.migrationD.stagnation（2）Urbanizationoftenresultsinincreased______,whichcanstraininfrastructureandpublicservices.A.populationB.pollutionC.agricultureD.economy（3）Manydevelopingcountriesfacechallengesinmanagingthe______oftheirurbanpopulations,leadingtoissueslikehousingshortagesandinadequatesanitation.A.densityB.growthC.diversityD.decline（4）The______oftransportationsystemsiscrucialforreducingtrafficcongestionandimprovingthequalityoflifeinurbanareas.A.developmentB.deteriorationC.disruptionD.dependence（5）Greenspacesincities,suchasparksandgardens,canprovide______forresidentsandhelpmitigatetheeffectsofurbanization.A.reliefB.resistanceC.reductionD.requirement（6）The______ofindustriestourbancentershasoftendriveneconomicgrowthbutalsocontributedtoenvironmentaldegradation.A.concentrationB.dispersionC.innovationD.integration（7）Urbanplannersmustconsiderthe______ofdifferentcommunitiestoensurethatcitiesareinclusiveandequitable.A.integrationB.segregationC.diversityD.homogeneity（8）The______ofwaterandenergyresourcesisacriticalissueinrapidlyurbanizingregions.A.availabilityB.depletionC.distributionD.consumption（9）Manycitieshaveimplemented______tomanagewasteandpromotesustainability.A.policiesB.penaltiesC.incentivesD.restrictions（10）The______oftechnologyinurbanareashastransformedthewaypeoplelive,work,andinteract.A.adoptionB.rejectionC.resistanceD.exclusion二、閱讀理解題要求：閱讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。每道題只有一個正確答案。（1）Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainconsequencesofrapidurbanization?A.EnvironmentaldegradationandeconomicgrowthB.PopulationdeclineandinfrastructurestrainC.SocialinequalityandresourcedepletionD.Culturalpreservationandtechnologicaladvancement（2）Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheroleofgreenspacesinurbanareas?A.Theyareunnecessaryandcanbereplacedbybuildings.B.Theyproviderecreationalopportunitiesandimproveairquality.C.Theyareprimarilyforaestheticpurposesandhavenopracticalbenefits.D.Theyareonlyimportantindevelopingcountries,notindevelopedones.（3）Whydourbanplannersneedtoconsiderthediversityofcommunities?A.Toensurethatcitiesaremorehomogeneousandlessdiverse.B.Tomaintainsocialstabilityandpreventconflicts.C.Topromoteeconomicgrowthbyconcentratingindustries.D.Toreducetheneedforpublicservicesandinfrastructure.（4）Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.Tohighlightthebenefitsofurbanizationforeconomicgrowth.B.Todiscussthechallengesofmanagingurbanpopulationsandresources.C.Toarguefortheimportanceofgreenspacesincities.D.Topromotetheadoptionoftechnologyinurbanareas.（5）Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthekeyissuesthatcitiesfaceduetourbanization?A.Increasedpopulationandeconomicprosperity.B.Improvedinfrastructureandreducedpollution.C.Housingshortagesandinadequatepublicservices.D.Enhancedculturaldiversityandtechnologicalinnovation.（6）Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofurbanization?A.Itwillleadtowidespreaddeclineinurbanpopulations.B.Itwillresultinmoresustainableandequitablecities.C.Itwillcontinuetocausesignificantenvironmentalandsocialproblems.D.Itwillbemanagedeffectivelythroughbetterplanningandtechnology.（7）Howdotransportationsystemsaffecturbanareas?A.Theyprimarilycontributetotrafficcongestionandpollution.B.Theyenhanceconnectivityandimprovequalityoflife.C.Theyareunnecessaryandcanberemovedtosavecosts.D.Theymainlyservetoseparatedifferentcommunities.（8）Whatisthesignificanceofthepassage'sdiscussiononresourceavailability?A.Ithighlightstheimportanceofconservingwaterandenergyinurbanareas.B.Itsuggeststhatresourcedepletionisnotamajorconcernincities.C.Itarguesthatcitiesshouldrelymoreonrenewableresources.D.Itimpliesthatresourceavailabilityisnotaffectedbyurbanization.（9）Howdocitiesmanagewasteandpromotesustainability?A.Theyrelyonpenaltiesandrestrictionstoenforcewastemanagement.B.Theyprovideincentivesforrecyclingandsustainablepractices.C.Theyignorewastemanagementissuesandhopetheyresolvethemselves.D.Theyfocusonreducingwasteproductionratherthanmanagingit.（10）Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheimpactoftechnologyonurbanareas?A.Ithasledtoincreasedexclusionandinequalityincities.B.Ithastransformedthewaypeopleliveandinteract.C.Ithashadlittleeffectonurbanlifeanddevelopment.D.Ithasprimarilybeenadoptedinruralareas,notincities.三、句子匹配題要求：將下面的句子與對應(yīng)的段落編號進行匹配，每道題只有一個正確答案。（1）______Theincreasingconcentrationofindustriesinurbanareashasledtosignificantenvironmentalchallenges,includingairandwaterpollution,whichcanhaveserioushealthimplicationsforresidents.（2）______Manycitiesaroundtheworldareexperiencingrapidpopulationgrowth,whichputspressureonexistinginfrastructureandpublicservices,suchastransportation,housing,andsanitation.（3）______Theintegrationofgreenspacesintourbanplanningisessentialforcreatingsustainableandlivablecities,asthesespacescanhelpmitigatetheheatislandeffect,improveairquality,andproviderecreationalopportunitiesforresidents.（4）______Urbanplannersmustaddresstheissueofsocialinequalitybyensuringthatcitiesareinclusiveandprovideequalaccesstoresourcesandopportunitiesforallresidents,regardlessoftheirbackgroundorsocioeconomicstatus.（5）______Thedevelopmentofefficienttransportationsystems,suchaspublictransitandbikelanes,iscrucialforreducingtrafficcongestionandpollution,aswellasimprovingtheoverallqualityoflifeinurbanareas.（6）______Therapidexpansionofcitieshasledtothedepletionofnaturalresources,includingwaterandenergy,whichcanexacerbateenvironmentalproblemsandthreatenthesustainabilityofurbanareas.（7）______Greenspaces,suchasparksandgardens,notonlyenhancetheaestheticappealofcitiesbutalsoprovideimportantecologicalbenefits,suchassupportingbiodiversityandimprovingmentalhealth.（8）______Theadoptionoftechnology,suchassmartcitysolutions,canhelpaddressmanyofthechallengesofurbanizationbyimprovingresourcemanagement,enhancingpublicservices,andfosteringinnovation.（9）______Manyurbanareasfacesignificantchallengesinmanagingwaste,leadingtoissuessuchaslandfilloverflowandpollution,whichcanhavenegativeimpactsonboththeenvironmentandpublichealth.（10）______Theconcentrationofindustriesinurbancentershasdriveneconomicgrowthbuthasalsocontributedtoenvironmentaldegradation,highlightingtheneedforsustainabledevelopmentpractices.四、段落填空題要求：閱讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填寫空白處，使句子意思完整、通順。每道題只有一個正確答案。Therapid______ofcitieshastransformedlandscapesandsocietiesaroundtheworld,bringingbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Asmorepeoplemovetourbanareasinsearchofbettereconomicprospectsandlivingconditions,citieshavebecomecentersofinnovation,culture,andcommerce.However,this______hasalsoledtoincreasedpressureoninfrastructure,publicservices,andtheenvironment.Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesofurbanizationisthe______ofresources,includingwater,energy,andland.Ascitiesgrow,thedemandfortheseresourcesincreases,oftenleadingtodepletionandenvironmentaldegradation.Anothermajorissueisthe______ofpollution,whichcanhaveserioushealthimplicationsforresidents.Airpollutionfromvehiclesandindustries,aswellaswaterpollutionfromwasteandindustrialdischarge,canleadtorespiratoryproblems,heartdisease,andotherhealthissues.Toaddressthesechallenges,urbanplannersmustfocusonsustainabledevelopmentpractices,suchastheintegrationofgreenspaces,thedevelopmentofefficienttransportationsystems,andtheadoptionofsmartcitytechnologies.Greenspaces,suchasparksandgardens,canhelp______theheatislandeffect,improveairquality,andproviderecreationalopportunitiesforresidents.Efficienttransportationsystems,suchaspublictransitandbikelanes,canreducetrafficcongestionandpollution,improvingtheoverallqualityoflifeinurbanareas.Smartcitytechnologiescanhelpcitiesmanageresourcesmoreeffectively,enhancepublicservices,andfosterinnovation.Additionally,addressingsocialinequalityiscrucialforcreatinginclusiveandequitablecities.Urbanplannersmustensurethatallresidentshaveaccesstoqualityhousing,education,andhealthcare,regardlessoftheirbackgroundorsocioeconomicstatus.Byfocusingonsustainabledevelopmentandsocialinclusion,citiescanbecomemorelivable,resilient,andprosperousforalltheirresidents.（1）______Therapid______ofcitieshastransformedlandscapesandsocietiesaroundtheworld,bringingbothopportunitiesandchallenges.（2）______Asmorepeoplemovetourbanareasinsearchofbettereconomicprospectsandlivingconditions,citieshavebecomecentersofinnovation,culture,andcommerce.（3）______However,this______hasalsoledtoincreasedpressureoninfrastructure,publicservices,andtheenvironment.（4）______Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesofurbanizationisthe______ofresources,includingwater,energy,andland.（5）______Ascitiesgrow,thedemandfortheseresourcesincreases,oftenleadingtodepletionandenvironmentaldegradation.（6）______Anothermajorissueisthe______ofpollution,whichcanhaveserioushealthimplicationsforresidents.（7）______Airpollutionfromvehiclesandindustries,aswellaswaterpollutionfromwasteandindustrialdischarge,canleadtorespiratoryproblems,heartdisease,andotherhealthissues.（8）______Toaddressthesechallenges,urbanplannersmustfocusonsustainabledevelopmentpractices,suchastheintegrationofgreenspaces,thedevelopmentofefficienttransportationsystems,andtheadoptionofsmartcitytechnologies.（9）______Greenspaces,suchasparksandgardens,canhelp______theheatislandeffect,improveairquality,andproviderecreationalopportunitiesforresidents.（10）______Efficienttransportationsystems,suchaspublictransitandbikelanes,canreducetrafficcongestionandpollution,improvingtheoverallqualityoflifeinurbanareas.五、簡答題要求：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。每個問題需要至少50字的回答。（1）Whatarethemainconsequencesofrapidurbanization,andhowdotheyaffectpeople'slives?（2）Howcangreenspacescontributetothesustainabilityandlivabilityofurbanareas?（3）Whataresomeofthekeychallengesthatcitiesfaceduetotherapidgrowthoftheirpopulations,andhowcanurbanplannersaddressthesechallenges?（4）Howdoestheadoptionoftechnology,suchassmartcitysolutions,helpimproveurbanlifeanddevelopment?（5）Whatistheimportanceofmanagingwasteandpromotingsustainabilityinurbanareas,andwhatmeasurescancitiesimplementtoachievethisgoal?本次試卷答案如下一、選詞填空題答案及解析（1）A.expansion解析：句子意為“世界各地城市的快速______導致了環(huán)境和人類社會發(fā)生的重大變化”。根據(jù)上下文，urbanization（城市化）通常伴隨著城市規(guī)模的擴大，expansion（擴張）最符合語境，指城市范圍和規(guī)模的增大。（2）B.pollution解析：句子意為“城市化往往導致______的增加，這會strainedinfrastructureandpublicservices”。urbanization的主要后果之一是污染物排放增加，導致environmentalproblems，pollution（污染）是最佳選項，涵蓋空氣、水、噪音等多種污染。（3）A.density解析：句子意為“許多發(fā)展中國家在管理其城市人口的______方面面臨挑戰(zhàn)，導致住房短缺和衛(wèi)生設(shè)施不足”。rapidurbanization導致人口向城市集中，density（密度）直接描述人口集中程度，符合句意。（4）A.development解析：句子意為“交通系統(tǒng)的______對于減少交通擁堵和提高城市生活質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要”。要改善交通問題，需要發(fā)展更完善的交通系統(tǒng)，development（發(fā)展）最符合語境，指建設(shè)和改進。（5）A.relief解析：句子意為“城市中的綠地，如公園和花園，可以為居民提供______，有助于緩解城市化的影響”。greenspaces的主要功能之一是提供喘息空間，relief（緩解）符合文意，指精神或環(huán)境上的放松。（6）A.concentration解析：句子意為“工業(yè)向城市中心______往往推動經(jīng)濟增長，但也導致了環(huán)境退化”。industries在urbanareas的聚集是常見現(xiàn)象，concentration（集中）最準確描述這種經(jīng)濟活動集聚。（7）C.diversity解析：句子意為“城市規(guī)劃者必須考慮不同社區(qū)______，以確保城市是包容和平等的”。modernurbanplanning強調(diào)multiculturalcoexistence，diversity（多樣性）指不同文化、人群的共存，符合inclusiveandequitable的要求。（8）A.availability解析：句子意為“水和能源資源的______是快速城市化地區(qū)的一個關(guān)鍵問題”。urbanization加劇了對資源的需求，availability（可用性）指資源是否能被獲取和利用，符合語境。（9）C.incentives解析：句子意為“許多城市已實施______來管理廢物并促進可持續(xù)性”。推動sustainability通常通過鼓勵行為，incentives（激勵）如補貼、稅收優(yōu)惠等，符合promotesustainability的目的。（10）A.adoption解析：句子意為“技術(shù)在城市地區(qū)的______改變了人們生活、工作和互動的方式”。technologicalprogress在urbanareas的影響是逐漸被接受和使用的，adoption（采用）指technology被接受和實施的過程。二、閱讀理解題答案及解析（1）A.Environmentaldegradationandeconomicgrowth解析：根據(jù)文章第一段“Urbanizationoftenresultsinincreasedpollutionandenvironmentalproblems,butitalsodriveseconomicdevelopmentandcreatesjobopportunities”，明確指出城市化帶來環(huán)境問題和經(jīng)濟增長，A選項最全面概括。（2）B.Theyproviderecreationalopportunitiesandimproveairquality解析：文章第三段提到“Greenspacessuchasparksandgardensnotonlyimprovetheaestheticappearanceofcitiesbutalsohaveecologicalbenefits,suchasimprovingairqualityandprovidingrecreationalspacesforresidents”，直接說明greenspaces的功能。（3）B.Tomaintainsocialstabilityandpreventconflicts解析：文章第四段指出“Urbanplannersneedtoensurethatcitiesareinclusiveandprovideequalopportunitiesforallresidentstopreventsocialinequalityandconflicts”，強調(diào)diversity的目的是維護社會穩(wěn)定。（4）B.Todiscussthechallengesofmanagingurbanpopulationsandresources解析：文章整體圍繞urbanization的negativeimpacts和solutions展開，如資源管理、污染控制、社會公平等問題，B選項最符合文章主旨。（5）C.Housingshortagesandinadequatepublicservices解析：文章第二段提到“Rapidurbanizationputspressureoninfrastructure,leadingtohousingshortages,trafficcongestion,andinadequatepublicservices”，明確指出這些是主要問題。（6）C.Itwillcontinuetocausesignificantenvironmentalandsocialproblems解析：文章最后一段提到“如果不采取有效措施，urbanizationwillexacerbateenvironmentaldegradationandsocialinequality”，暗示未來可能持續(xù)存在這些問題。（7）B.Theyenhanceconnectivityandimprovequalityoflife解析：文章第五段提到“Efficienttransportationsystemsimproveconnectivitybetweendifferentpartsofthecity,reducetrafficcongestion,andenhancetheoverallqualityoflife”，說明其積極作用。（8）A.Ithighlightstheimportanceofconservingwaterandenergyinurbanareas解析：文章第六段強調(diào)“Resourcedepletionisamajorconcerninurbanareasduetoincreaseddemand”，直接指出資源可用性問題。（9）B.Theyprovideincentivesforrecyclingandsustainablepractices解析：文章第七段提到“Citiesimplementincentiveslikesubsidiesforrecyclingandgreenenergytopromotesustainability”，明確說明激勵措施。（10）B.Ithastransformedthewaypeopleliveandinteract解析：文章最后一段提到“Technologyhastransformedurbanlifethroughsmartsolutions,improvingefficiencyandconnectivity”，直接說明技術(shù)對城市生活的影響。三、句子匹配題答案及解析（1）DTheincreasingconcentrationofindustriesinurbanareashasledtosignificantenvironmentalchallenges,includingairandwaterpollution,whichcanhaveserioushealthimplicationsforresidents.解析：這段話描述工業(yè)集中導致的environmentalchallenges，與文章第三段關(guān)于工業(yè)污染的內(nèi)容一致。（2）BManycitiesaroundtheworldareexperiencingrapidpopulationgrowth,whichputspressureonexistinginfrastructureandpublicservices,suchastransportation,housing,andsanitation.解析：這段話談?wù)損opulationgrowth對infrastructure的壓力，與文章第二段主題一致。（3）CTheintegrationofgreenspacesintourbanplanningisessentialforcreatingsustainableandlivablecities,asthesespacescanhelpmitigatetheheatislandeffect,improveairquality,andproviderecreationalopportunitiesforresidents.解析：這段話強調(diào)greenspaces的重要性，與文章第三段關(guān)于greenspacesbenefits的內(nèi)容吻合。（4）AUrbanplannersmustaddresstheissueofsocialinequalitybyensuringthatcitiesareinclusiveandprovideequalaccesstoresourcesandopportunitiesforallresidents,regardlessoftheirbackgroundorsocioeconomicstatus.解析：這段話談?wù)搒ocialinequality問題，與文章第四段關(guān)于planningandsocialissues的內(nèi)容一致。（5）EThedevelopmentofefficienttransportationsystems,suchaspublictransitandbikelanes,iscrucialforreducingtrafficcongestionandpollution,aswellasimprovingtheoverallqualityoflifeinurbanareas.解析：這段話強調(diào)transportationsystems的作用，與文章第五段關(guān)于transportation的內(nèi)容相符。（6）GTherapidexpansionofcitieshasledtothedepletionofnaturalresources,includingwaterandenergy,whichcanexacerbateenvironmentalproblemsandthreatenthesustainabilityofurbanareas.解析：這段話談?wù)搑esourcedepletion問題，與文章第六段關(guān)于resourcemanagement的內(nèi)容一致。（7）FGreenspaces,suchasparksandgardens,notonlyenhancetheaestheticappealofcitiesbutalsoprovideimportantecologicalbenefits,suchassupportingbiodiversityandimprovingmentalhealth.解析：這段話描述greenspaces的aesthetic和ecologicalbenefits，與文章第三段補充說明的內(nèi)容相符。（8）ITheadoptionoftechnology,suchassmartcitysolutions,canhelpaddressmanyofthechallengesofurbanizationbyimprovingresourcemanagement,enhancingpublicservices,andfosteringinnovation.解析：這段話談?wù)搕echnology的作用，與文章第七段關(guān)于smartcity的內(nèi)容一致。（9）HManyurbanareasfacesignificantchallengesinmanagingwaste,leadingtoissuessuchaslandfilloverflowandpollution,whichcanhavenegativeimpactsonboththeenvironmentandpublichealth.解析：這段話談?wù)搘astemanagement問題，與文章第六段關(guān)于resourcedepletion的補充內(nèi)容一致。（10）JTheconcentrationofindustriesinurbancentershasdriveneconomicgrowthbuthasalsocontributedtoenvironmentaldegradation,highlightingtheneedforsustainabledevelopmentpractices.解析：這段話談?wù)搃ndustryconcentration的double-edgedimpact，與文章第三段開頭關(guān)于industry的內(nèi)容相符。四、段落填空題答案及解析（1）expansion解析：根據(jù)上下文，文章開頭談?wù)揷ities的快速變化，expansion（擴張）符合urbanization導致的城市規(guī)模擴大。（2）growth解析：句子描述人口遷往城市尋求機會，growth（增長）指人口和經(jīng)濟的增加，符合urbanization的驅(qū)動力。（3）depletion解析：句子談?wù)撡Y源問題，depletion（枯竭）指資源被消耗殆盡，符合resourcemanagement的挑戰(zhàn)。（4）pollution解析：句子談?wù)摥h(huán)境問題，pollution（污染）是urbanization的主要negativeimpacts之一，符合語境。（5）mitigate解析：句子談?wù)揼reenspaces的作用，mitigate（緩解）指減輕heatislandeffect和pollution，符合sustainablepractices。（6）growth解析：句子談?wù)撡Y源消耗增加，growth（增長）指需求量上升，符合resourcedepletion的背景。（7）pollution解析：句子談?wù)摴I(yè)和車輛排放問題，pollution（污染）是主要環(huán)境問題，符合healthimplications。（8）sustainable解析：句子談?wù)摻鉀Qurbanizationchallenges的方法，sustainable（可持續(xù)的）符合文章強調(diào)的長期發(fā)展理念。（9）mitigate解析：句子談?wù)揼reenspaces緩解heatislandeffect的作用，mitigate（緩解）符合ecologicalbenefits。（10）transportation解析：句子談?wù)摻煌ㄏ到y(tǒng)減少擁堵的作用，transportation（交通）是改善qualityoflife的關(guān)鍵因素。五、簡答題答案及解析（1）Rapidurbanizationleadstoincreasedpopulationdensity,straininginfrastructurelikehousing,transportation,andsanitation.Thisresultsinproblemssuchastrafficcongestion,pollution,andinadequateaccesstobasicservices.Peoplemayfacelongercommutes,reducedgreenspaces,andhigherlivingcosts.However,citiesalsobecomehubsofinnovation,culture,andeconomicopportunity,offeringbetterjobprospectsandaccesstoeducationandhealthcare.Thekeyishowurbanplanningcanbalancedevelopmentwithlivabilitytoensureallresidentsbenefit.（2）Greenspacescontributetourbansustainabilitybyabsorbingcarbondioxide,producingoxygen,andfilteringpollutants,therebyimprovingairquality.Theyprovidenaturalcoolingthroughshadeandevapotranspiration,mitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffect.Greenspacesalsosupportbiodiversitybyofferinghabitatsforplantsandanimals,enhancementalhealthbyprovidingrecreationalandrelaxationareas,andcontributetostormwatermanagementbyabsorbingrainwater.Integratinggreenspacesintourbanplanningisesse