THEAGEOFDATA

Data-drivenperspectivesontheworld’smostabundantandcriticalresource

INCOLLABORATIONWITH

hinrichfoundationTHEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATA02

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

TABLEOFCONTENTS

01

03

Allthe

World’sData

PG03

Opportunities

andChallenges

StayInformed

PG22

PG11

02

Unlockingthe

ValueofData

TheWar

onData

PG19

PG24

PG07

hinrichfoundation

ALLTHEWORLD’SDATA03

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATA

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

01

ALLTHE

WORLD’S

DATA

Data’srisingin?uenceondecision-makingcontinuestodeepenas

ever-increasingamountsarecollectedandanalyzed.Moredatawillbe

generatedinthenextthreeyearsthanintherestofhumanhistory,drivenlargelybyadvancesinarti?cialintelligence.

Thisexplosivegrowthbringsacombinationofopportunitiesand

challengesthatnations,businesses,andindividualsmustlearntonavigatecarefully,shapingthefutureofinnovation,governance,anddailylife.

hinrichfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAALLTHEWORLD’SDATA04

552

MORE,MORE,MORE

Moredatawillbemadeinthenextthreeyearsthaninallofprecedinghumanhistory.

542

WORLDWIDEDATACREATED,CAPTURED,ORREPLICATED:ZETTABYTES

257913161826

20102011201220132014201520162017

FirstgenerativeAImodellaunched(Generative

AdversarialNetwork).

Onezettabyteisequalto1billionterabytes.

*Note:“p”referstoprojectedstatistics

Sources:AVANTbyAvisonYoung,IDCGlobalDataSphereForecast(2022–2026)

33416484101123149182221

20182019202020212022p2023p2024p2025p2026p

OpenAIlaunchedGPT-1.

OpenAI’sChatGPTwaslaunchedpubliclyandreached1millionuserswithin5days.

hinrichfoundationTHEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAALLTHEWORLD’SDATA05

2022CE

CE:

CommonEra

BCE:

BeforeCommonEra

1440CE

ANDDATA

THEAGES

INFORMATION

1040CE

1984CE

THROUGH

100CE

2900BCE

59BCE

1958CE

3200BCE

700BCE

105BCE

1822CE

3000BCE

2000BCE

1000BCE

0CE

1000CE

2000CE

3200BCE

2900BCE

700BCE

105BCE

59BCE

100CE

1040CE

1440CE

1822CE

1958CE

1984CE

2022CE

Firstknownroll

Firstwriting

Earliestknown

Earliestknown

Firstnewspaper

Invention

Movabletype

Inventionofthe

CharlesBabbage

JohnMcCarthy

Thebirth

OpenAIreleased

ofpapyruscreated

systemdeveloped

artifactslibrary

paperinvented

inventedin

ofparchment

inventedin

Gutenberg

createdthe

developedLisp,

oftheinternet.

ChatGPT.

inEgypt.

inMesopotamia.

establishedinAssyria.

inChina.

ancientRome.

inGreece.

China.

printingpress.

DifferenceEngine,consideredthe

the?rst

programming

Sources:UTexas,H

?rstcomputer.

languageforAI.

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAALLTHEWORLD’SDATA06

HOWISYOUR

DATABEINGUSED?

Dataisnowthebackboneofdecision-makinginbothpublicandprivatespheres,driving

policy,strategy,andinnovation.

GOVERNMENTS

Improveservicedelivery

CORPORATIONS

Increasesalesandboostpro?ts

Improveproductsandserviceoferings

Re?nemarketingstrategies

(e.g.healthcare,emergencyservices)

Setpricingfordemandandrisk

andcybersecuritythreats

Informgovernmentpolicy

Reducecrime,fraud,

Securetransactionsandtrade

Enhanceproductivity

Enhanceproductivity

Nationalsecurity

Sources:BusinessNewsDaily,DataScienceCentral

02

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAUNLOCKINGTHEVALUEOFDATA07

UNLOCKING

THEVALUE

OFDATA

Datahasbecomeoneofthemostvaluableresourcesinthemodernworld,drivinginnovation,economicgrowth,andpowerdynamicsonaglobalscale.Countriesandcompaniesthatusedata

strategicallycangainimportantadvantagesininnovation,investment,andglobalin?uence.

hinrichfoundation

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAUNLOCKINGTHEVALUEOFDATA08

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

IS

BEING

DATA

SHAREOF

POPULATIONUSINGTHE

INTERNET

Sweden

95%

93%

99%

Norway

COLLECTED

FROM

CORNER

OF

EVERY

THE

EARTH

98%

93%

90%

100%

95%

87%

92%

Ireland

Moldova

63%

France

85%

Portugal

85%

86%

Iceland

100%

Spain

95%

Italy

Greece

75%

Tunisia

74%

79%

77%88%

..

S.Korea

97%

83%

90%90%

92%77%

36%

Japan

85%

Morocco

90%

50%87%

33%

Libya

88%

Algeria

71%

Eqypt

72%

Kong

Hong

73%Cuba

84%DominicanRepublic

UAE

100%

Qatar

100%

Oman

98%

100%

Mali

33%

Laos

66%

44%

Niger

17%

Nigeria

36%

70%

60%

50%

Sudan

29%

42%

Bangladesh

88%

Chad

12%

HondurasNicaragua

18%

60%

54%

Guatemala54%

ElSalvador63%

Vietnam

57%79%

Malaysia97%

61%

32%34%20%

65%

Ethiopia

19%

Philippines

75%

85%Guyana

CostaRica83%Panama74%

Myanmar

30%38%

30%

12%

76%Suriname

28%Somalia

Lowinternetpenetrationratesinsomeregionssuggestevenmoredatawillbeproducedfromthoseplacesinfuture.

PapuaNewGuinea

27%

Ghana70%Togo38%

Benin34%

85%French

44%

SriLanka50%

67%

74%

73%

Guiana

41%

DRC

27%

34%

11%

Singapore

96%

36%

ColombiaEcuador70%

Tanzania

32%

31%

Indonesia

Angola

28%

Peru

25%

31%

75%

67%

Bolivia

33%

Namibia

62%

Paraguay

76%

73%

21%

77%

Madagascar21%

NewZealand96%

75%

Uruguay

90%

58%Eswatini47%Lesotho

91%

Chile

SouthAfrica

Argentina

0%

NoData

Sources:WorldBank,HinrichFoundationSustainableTradeIndexNote:Dataisfrom2022.

hnrchfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

UNLOCKINGTHEVALUEOFDATA09

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATA

THEAIREVOLUTION

MEANSMOREDATA

TherapidgrowthofAItechnologiesisdrivingthecollection,analysis,

andstorageofmoredatathaneverbefore.AsAIbecomesintegrated

intoeverydaytoolsandsystems,itfuelsacyclewhereincreasingamountsofdata,includingfromitsanalyticalprocesses,areneededtotrainmodels,improveperformance,anddevelopnewapplications.

GLOBALINVESTMENTINGENERATIVEAI

TOTAL

$24.4B

NUMBEROFNEWLYFUNDEDAICOMPANIES

2K

1,812

793

1,676

754

RestofWorld

$2.6B

$4.2B$2.2B

$0.9B

1,299

560

1,289

1,198

485

1,234

638

513

1K

897

122

983

U.S.

381

662

260

712

241

547

192

516

205

496

217

504

147

572

208

568

510

92

495

131

173

402

69

352

43

292

72

337

27

China

2019202020212022202320132014201520162017201820192020202120222023

Source:StanfordUniversityHuman-CenteredArti?cialIntelligence(2024)Source:StanfordUniversityHuman-CenteredArti?cialIntelligence(2024)

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024

DATAISPOWER

WHICHCOUNTRIES

CONTROLTHEMOST?

THEAGEOFDATAUNLOCKINGTHEVALUEOFDATA10

Cross-borderdatareferstothe?owofdigitalinformationacrossnationalboundaries,drivingglobaltrade,communication,andinnovation.

Geopolitically,it’svitalforeconomiccompetitiveness,cybersecurity,

andtechnologicalsovereignty,asnationsbalancefosteringdigitaltradewithprotectingsensitivedataandassertingcontrolinaconnectedworld.

TOPCOUNTRIESSENDINGANDRECEIVINGCROSS-BORDERDATA

Americas

Europe

Asia

RANK20012019

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

U.S.

UK

Germany

France

Japan

China*

Brazil

Russia

Singapore

India

Vietnam

China*

U.S.

UK

India

Singapore

Brazil

Vietnam

Russia

Germany

France

Japan

Source:Nikkei(2019).*ChinaincludesHongKong.

ComparisonsareoftheamountofdatagoinginandoutofacountryorregioninmegabitspersecondorMbps.

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES11

3

OPPORTUNITIES

ANDCHALLENGES

DataandAIaretransformingindustriesanddrivingeconomicgrowth,butchallengeslikeprivacy,security,andenvironmentalimpactare

becomingincreasinglycritical.

Geopoliticaltensionsandamosaicofcompetingregulatoryregimesfurthercomplicatethefutureofourinterconnectedworld.

0

O

P

P

O

R

T

U

N

I

T

I

E

-100

S

hinrichfoundationTHEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES12

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

likelanguageunderstanding,imagerecognition,andpredictivereasoning.

THESUPERHUMANAIhasrapidlyadvancedandhasbeguntosurpasshumancapabilitiesinareas

POWEROFAIThisprogressioncouldunlocknewopportunitiesforinnovationanddrive

signi?cantgainsinproductivity.

VERSUS

AIPERFORMANCE

HUMAN

25

enchm

0

-25

soning

-50

-75

LanguageUnderstanding

H

Be

th

tterpeanhum

rformaans

ark

nce

Image

Recog

nition

umanB

Hand

writin

gRec

ognitio

n

PredRea

ictive

than

Wo

rsepehum

rformaans

nce

Sp

eech

Recog

nition

R

eading

Com

prehen

sion

20002005201020152020

Source:contextual.ai(2023)

hinrichfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

5%

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES13

O

P

P

O

R

T

U

N

I

HealthcarePractitioners

Home

HealthAides

CASESTUDY:

LicensedNurses

7%

Nurse

Midwives

5%

Nurse

Practitioners

8%

Nurse

Anaesthetists

16%

NursingAssistants

10%

Internists

9%

Obstetricians

HOWISAIAFFECTINGHEALTHCARE?

/Gynaecologists

PharmacyTechnicians

29%

Pharmacists

23%

Oral/

Maxillofacial

Surgeons

10%

11%

T

HealthcareSupportRoles

Family/

General

MedicalEquipmentPreparers

48%

I

E

S

IMPACTOFAIINHEALTHCARE:%SHAREOFHOURS

Practitioners

12%

Physicians

/Surgeons

(General)

12%

Occupational

Therapy

Assistants

Specialized

6%

Surgeons

7%

Dental

Assistants

10%

Podiatrists

7%

TherapistsandDiagnosticians

15%

Audiologists

Speech

Language

Paediatricians

MedicalAssistants

32%

3%17%

26%

Orthotists/Prosthetists

Occupational

Health/Safety

Technicians

30%

Pathologists

Anaesthesiologists

18%

RecreationalTherapists

8%

Exercise

Physiologists

3%

Dental

Hygienists

2%

7%

Health

Diagnosis

Practitioners

8%

PhysicalTherapists

12%

Chiropractors

8%

OccupationalTherapists

8%

Medical/ClinicalLaboratory

Technicians

29%

Medical/Clinical

Laboratory

Technologists

21%

Medical

Records/HealthInformation

Technicians

23%

RadiationTherapists

Healthcare

Practitioners/

TechnicalWorkers

MentalHealthandCounseling

21%

Dietitians/Nutritionists

MRI

Technologists

13%

19%

E.M.T/

Paramedics

14%

Therapists

10%

Ophthalmic

Medical

Technicians

16%

ClinicalandDiagnosticTechnicians

Optometrists

Clinical,15%

Counseling,

School

Psychologists

AIisfreeingupmedicalresources,

6%

Genetic

Counselors

7%

Opticians

6%

4%

Source:McKinseyGlobalInstitute

Note:ForselectedEuropeancountriesonly(France,Germany,Hungary,Italy,Portugal,Sweden,andtheUK).

Other

Psychiatrists

allowinglabortoberedirectedtoareasrequiringahumantouchortaskswhereAIhasyettomatchhumanexpertise.

hinrichfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES14

O

P

P

O

R

T

MOREAI=

MORESALES?

AIistransformingmarketingandsearchengineoptimization(SEO)byautomatingtasks,optimizingstrategies,anddelivering

personalizedexperiencesatscale.

U

N

I

T

I

E

S

65%

ofbusinesses

achievebetterSEOresultswithAI.

68%

seehighercontent

marketingreturnon

investment(ROI)withAI.

83%

ofsalesteamswithAIsaw

revenuegrowthinthelastyearversus66%withoutAI.

Source:SEMRUSH,Salesforce

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

hinrichfoundation

OPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES15

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATA

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

THEWORLD’S10BIGGESTDATABREACHES

CYBERSECURITY:

2018

乙

2014

HOWBADCANDATABREACHESGET?

2019

Withbillionsofpeopleonline,theimpactofdatabreachescanbe

Linked

2021

massive.Ascyberattacksgrowmoresophisticated,cybersecurityhasevolvedtokeeppace.Yet,historyhasseenmajorbreachesthatslippedthroughthecracks,costingcompaniesbillionsofdollarsandexposingthepersonalinformationofbillionsworldwide.

2019

e

C

ft

C

GLOBALAVERAGECOST

OFADATABREACH:USD

2018

2020

2022

2024

AMER

2019

R

$3.9M

$3.9M

Alibab

2012

◆$4.4M

◆$4.9M

2017

Sources:UpGuard,IBM

*Impactcanbemeasuredinthenumberofaccounts,users,records,orpeopleaffectedbythedatabreach.

2020

2018

hinrichfoundation

OPPORTUNITIES

ANDCHALLENGES

16

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATA

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

C

H

A

L

L

By2030,datacentersareprojectedtoconsume450milliongallonsofwaterdaily—enoughtomeethalfofNewYorkCity’scurrentdemand—astheirfootprintcontinuestoexpandglobally.

DATACENTERSANDAIARE

RESOURCE-INTENSIVE

E

400M

300M

N

G

E

S

ELECTRICITY

CONSUMPTION,DATA

Datacentersarehighlywater-andenergy-intensive,requiringvastamountstocooltheirservers

200M

andpoweroperations.

o3o

CENTERSANDAI

100M

WATERCONSUMPTION,

DATACENTERS

Source:JPMorgan(2024)

22M

2022

2022

2021

2>

+74%

Increase

eD

s

\O

G

2026p

460

Terawatt-hour

800

Terawatt-hour

ProjectionbasedontheIEA'sbasecasescenario.Source:InternationalEnergyAgency(2024)

hinrichfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES17

COUNTRIESPROTECTION

NUMBEROFWITHDATA

BY

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

DIVERGINGDATA

LAWS

REGION

60

PROTECTIONREGULATIONS

E

S

50

Dataregulationsvarywidelyacrossregions,re?ectingdifferencesinlegalframeworks,culturalvalues,andeconomicpriorities.

C

C

peEuro

·apa

Thispatchworkofrulescreatessigni?cantchallengesforbusinessesoperating

A

/45

40

Africa

3

internationally,astheymustnavigatecomplexandvariedcompliance

54

requirementswhilebalancing

ericasAm

3o

30

businessoperationsinaglobalscale.

35

20

forces

ocuses

ies

U·s·revelrule

TheEureehnenve

chsntaatfe·edA

10

compons-

onivacy

Thetateleaw·

onves.

ulat

Source:UN

initiat

reg

andpr

Note:Numberincludesacombinationofdraftlegislationandthoseenactedinlaw,asof

December14,2021.

0

hinrichfoundation

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATAOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES18

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

HOWDOESDATAMOVE

AROUNDTHEGLOBE?

GLOBALSUBMARINECABLEMAP

Subseadatacablesconnectcontinents,enablingthetransmissionofdataandpoweracrossvastdistances.Theyarevitalforhandlingthegrowingvolumeofglobaldata,buttheirexpansionfacessigni?cantgeopoliticalandenvironmentalchallenges.

G

E

S

Disputedwaterscomplicatecross-bordercableroutes.

InearlyNovember2024,two

cableswereseveredintheBalticSeafollowingasuspectedattackfromRussia.

Therearemorethan

600submarinecablesworldwide,with532currentlyinoperation.

Land-scarcenationslikeSingaporemustnavigatecomplexleasing

geopoliticsabroad.

Source:TeleGeography

hnrchfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

ONDATA19

THEWAR

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATA

WAR

THE

04

ONDATA

Asdatabecomesanincreasinglyvaluableasset,nationsaretighteningcontrolsoveritsmovementandusage,shapingtheglobaldigitallandscape.

Fromrisingdatalocalizationmeasurestocross-border?owrestrictionsandproactiveAIregulations,thepoliciesre?ectagrowingemphasisonsovereignty,security,and

competitiveadvantageinthedigitalage.

DATALOCALIZATION

MEASURES

DATALOCALIZATION

ISBECOMINGMORERESTRICTIVE

hinrichfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATATHEWARONDATA20

Drivenbygeopoliticaltensions,datalocalizationmeasureshavesurged,with96inplaceacross40countriesbyearly2023—nearlyhalfofwhichwereintroducedsince2015.

Overtwo-thirdsofthesemeasuresimposestrictstoragerequirementsand?owprohibitions.

St

L

de?ned

orageandFlowConditio

ocalstoragerequirementwithtransferoraccessconditi

n

on.

StorageandFlowProhibition

Localstorageandprocessing

requirementwith?owprohibitions

(oradhocexceptions).

StorageOnly

Localstoragerequirementtransferoraccess(?ow)re

withnostriction.

199520002005201020152020

100

75

50

25

Source:OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)

hnrchfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATATHEWARONDATA21

RESTRICTIONSONCROSS-BORDERDATAFLOWS

HOWDOESDATARESTRICTION

Low

27

Medium

58

High

8

VARYBYCOUNTRY?

NoData

ChinaandRussiahavesome

ofthemoststringentdatarestrictionsworldwide.

Manydevelopedcountries—includingtheU.S.,Canada,andAustralia—haverelativelyfewrestrictionsinplace.

Source:WorldBank

hnrchfoundation

advancingsustainableglobaltrade

THEHINRICH-IMDSUSTAINABLETRADEINDEX2024THEAGEOFDATATHEWARONDATA22

NUMBEROFINTERVENTIONSBYCOUNTRY

THEEVOLVING

Under10

40

10-100

143

100-500

20

500-1000

28

Over1,000

2

Numberofcountries

AIREGULATIONLANDSCAPE

Greenland3

789

Russia

87792

Iceland53

246

UK614825Ireland832862

Canada

280

14

839

48

Kazakhstan16

990

764

Mongolia

16

15

15

—15

Portugal

784854

—10 418

U.S.

170

12

14

Japan301

2,089

980772

14

18

Iran

15

China

13

14

25

18

12547

Algeria18

39

Libya15

Eqypt