翻譯部分

英文原文TheapplicationofanchorsupportintheconditionofdeepwellsHuafengcoalminehasmanydisasterssuchaswater、fire、gas、coaldustandrockburst.Atpresent,theyhavestartedtominethedeeppartsofcoalbed.Verticaldepthisupto1140m.Thegeostaticstressishigh.In2001,thecostoftheroadwaysupportmountedto26%ofproductioncost.Theycontinuetorevisetheroadwayparametersandspecificationsandimproveandenhancethestrengthofbolt.However,theeffectofthesupportisstillpoor.Theoftenshouldrepairafterexcavating.Itwastesagreatdealofmanpowerandmaterialrescuers.Therefore,theneedofaneweffectivewaystoimprovetheeffectivenessofsupportisnecessary.Duringtheroadwayexcavationinthedeep,HuafengCoalMineapplythetechnologyofcablesupportingcompletely,figureoutasetofsupportparametersandconstructiontechniquesanddevelopakindofsimplesupportofwirerope,whichsuittotheroadwaysupport.Afteralargenumberofapplications,wefoundthattheeffectofroadwaysupportisobviouslyimprovedandtheproductioncostsareeffectivelyreduced.1.PrincipleofsupportPre-stressedcablesupportingtechnologycanprovideagreatcarryingcapacityandawiderangofusing.Itisasupportmethod,whichcantransmitthepowerofmainstructuresupporttothedepartmentofstablerock..Itcanmakethelooserockbecomea“bearingarch”underthecompression.Thesupportandsurroundingrocksarechainedtogethertoformacomplex.Thefixedrockscanbearpullingforceandshearingforce.Theeffectivedepthofthecomplexismuchlargerthantheeffectivedepthofanchoringstructure.Theeffectofboltisstrengthening,improvingandsupplementary.Underthehighstress,firstly,thefaceofroadwayiseasilydestroyed.Afterstrengtheningroadwaycablesupport,theroadwaysupportisexpandedandthethicknessofsupportisdeepened.Itensuresthestabilityofsupportunderthehighstressenhancesthetensileofsupport,shearingandpreventsdamageinadvance.Incoalroadway,theyusecablesupporttoenlargethesupportbearingbody,sothatstressconcentrationincoalroadwaylooptransfertothedeep.Sothescopeofdamageisreduced.Atthesametime,integrityoftheroofisenhanced.Itcanpreventbigaccidentshappeningduringrockburstoccurbecausethecoalzoneislargeenoughtoblocktheroadwayandtobroketheroof.2.Productiontechnologyofanchorsupport2.1supportmaterialsThegeneraluseislow-relaxationstrand,flatstripsteelandchannelsteelsupport.Thediameteroflow-relaxationstrandis15.24mm,thelengthis6.2m..Thewidthofflatstripsteelis1.0m,thelengthis2.2m.Thelengthof14channelsteelis350mm.andthestandardanchorage’sdiameteris17mm.Thelow-relaxationstrandcannotbeusedforsupportingbecauseoflargedeformationofcoalroadway.Therefore,HufengCoalMineselectsaflexiblesteelropetostrengthenthesupport.Thecableismadeof6SWsection0.5steelwireswith265scale.Thediameteris12~14mm,andthelengthis4.5m.Theymaketwopointsat200~400mmoftheendsofsteelcabletoensuretheeffectofmixing.Theyalsomakethetwopointsgettogethertoavoidbreakingunitduringthemixingprocess.2.2suitabletimeforsupportingInordertopreventdamagethesurroundingrocksinroadwayunderthehighpressure.Cablesupportshouldbedoneamonthafterfirstandsecondsupportofroadway.Thegeneraldistanceiswithin150~200m.3.Anchorsupportapplication3.1cablesupportingtechnologyuseinWNProomandT-crossroadsInHuafengCoalMine,besidetwoanchorslinkednetworkshotcretesupport,theyusesupportcablesinfifthlevelgarage,pumpingroom,hole,carparkingarea.Firstandsecondfiguresarerespectivesectionaldrawingandplaneofcablesupportingforfive-levelwasteshaftcargaragesandtapewelland-920hole.Theholeofanchoris6m;eachhastworesindrugvolumes.Remainingissealedwithmortar,whichpre-tensionpullis80KN.Figure1:cablesupport’ssectionaldrawingandplaneoffive-levelwasteshaftgaragesFigure2:cablesupport’ssectionaldrawingandplaneoftapewell-920holeFigure3:cablesupport’ssectionaldrawingandplaneof-920eastrockroadway3.2anchorsupporttechnologyisusedonhighstressrocksAftermeasuringinversionofstressandcalculating,theyregardHuafengfirstcoalminingareaisahighstressarea.Thirdfigureisaboutcablesupport’ssectionaldrawingandplaneof-920eastrockroadway.3.3ropeanchorsupporttechnologyisusedonrockburstcoallaneTheforthcoallargerofHuafengisaseriousrockbustseam,whosethicknessis6.5m.Thereisasandstoneroof,whichisminedinto3parts.Duringtheperiodofroadwayexcavationandrecovery,destructiverockburstoccursfrequently;resultinginanchorboltdoesn’twork.Somecoalsplugoutandblocktheroadway.Roadwaycontractionrateisabout75%.3406(1)workplaceisonthefourcoallayers.In3460(1),duringexcavationofchannel,wireropecablesupportingtechnologyisused.Roadwayisabacksupportofanchor.Ontheroadwayroof,ropeanchorlayoutalonethecenterline.Thespaceis2.1m.Figure4:sectionaldrawingandplaneofrockburstcoalroadway4.Theeffectofanchorsupport Aftercarryingoutsupportonroom,T-crossroads,carparkingarea,inHuafengCoalMine,surroundingrockisbettertoberestrained.Overpast2years,theintegrityofbodysprayhasmaintainedandnodestructionoccurred.Thevolumeofaverageclosingbetweentwogroupsisnotmorethan200mof-920eastroadwayinhighstressareaandthevolumebetweentopandbottomisnotmorethan300m.Inthepasttwoyears,theroadwaybasicwasnotpeelingandshedding.Aftercarryingoutsupportonrockbustroadway,excavationandrecoveryarereducedquickly,whichensureroadwaydoesnotdamageunderanumberofML1.6levelrockburst.Itimprovestheroadway’scapacityoffightingagainstdisaster.5.Conclusion(1)Cablesupportisaneffectivewayofdeepmineroadwaysupport,whichcanincreasetheintensityofroadwayandextendtheusingyearofroadway.(2)Underthedeepwellcondition,differentcable,methodandsupporttimeareselectedaccordingtoseriousrequirements.(3)Cablesupportshouldhaveagooddrugmixingvolume,thequalityoftension.Rocklaneandthemainroomaresealedwithmortar.(4)Intheroadway,theycanusewireropecableinsteadofstrandcableandachievethedesiredeffectofsupportaswellasreducethecostofsupport.

中文譯文錨索支護(hù)在深井條件下的應(yīng)用實(shí)踐華豐煤礦有水、火、瓦斯、煤塵、沖擊礦壓等多種災(zāi)害，目前已進(jìn)入深部開采，垂深達(dá)1140m，地應(yīng)力較高。2001年礦井巷道支護(hù)成本占生產(chǎn)成本的26%，雖然對(duì)巷道錨桿支護(hù)參數(shù)、錨桿規(guī)格進(jìn)行了不斷修改完善，提高錨桿支護(hù)強(qiáng)度，但支護(hù)效果仍然較差，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)前掘后修、重復(fù)修復(fù)的現(xiàn)象，浪費(fèi)了大量人力、物力。因此，需采取一種新型更為有效的支護(hù)方式改善支護(hù)效果。華豐煤礦在深部巷道掘進(jìn)期間，全面應(yīng)用了錨索支護(hù)技術(shù)，摸索出了一套適應(yīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的支護(hù)參數(shù)、施工工藝，并開發(fā)出了一種適用于回采巷道支護(hù)的簡易鋼絲繩錨索，經(jīng)過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的大量應(yīng)用，巷道支護(hù)效果明顯好轉(zhuǎn)，有效地降低了生產(chǎn)成本。1錨索支護(hù)原理預(yù)應(yīng)力錨索支護(hù)技術(shù)能提供較大承載能力，作用范圍廣，是一種傳遞主體結(jié)構(gòu)支護(hù)應(yīng)力至深部穩(wěn)定巖層的主動(dòng)支護(hù)方式。可使松散圍巖在錨索的彈性壓縮下形成“承載拱”，能使結(jié)構(gòu)物與圍巖連鎖在一起共同作用，形成復(fù)合體，被結(jié)構(gòu)錨固的巖層能更有效地承受負(fù)荷產(chǎn)生的拉力和剪力，且作用深度遠(yuǎn)大于經(jīng)錨固結(jié)構(gòu)的作用深度，是錨桿支護(hù)作用的加強(qiáng)、補(bǔ)充與完善。受深部高應(yīng)力的作用，巷道易首先在表面產(chǎn)生張拉破壞。對(duì)巷道進(jìn)行錨索加固支護(hù)后，擴(kuò)大了巷道支護(hù)深度及支護(hù)層厚度，保證了支護(hù)體在高應(yīng)力下具有較好的穩(wěn)定性，增強(qiáng)了支護(hù)體抗拉、抗剪能力，防止巷道表面提前破壞。在沖擊礦壓煤巷進(jìn)行錨索支護(hù)，擴(kuò)大了支護(hù)承載體，使煤巷應(yīng)力集中圈向深部轉(zhuǎn)移，縮小煤幫塑性破壞范圍，同時(shí)提高了頂板巖體的整體性，防止沖擊礦壓發(fā)生時(shí)，因煤幫塑性區(qū)過大而堵塞巷道或頂板破碎而發(fā)生大面積冒頂事故。2錨索支護(hù)生產(chǎn)工藝2.1支護(hù)材料一般采用低松弛鋼絞線、平鋼帶及槽鋼支護(hù)，低松弛鋼絞線直徑為15.24mm，長6.2m；平鋼帶寬1.0m，長2.2m；14槽鋼長350mm；用內(nèi)孔直徑為17mm的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錨具。因沖擊礦壓煤巷變形量較大，不宜采用低松弛鋼絞線進(jìn)行增阻式支護(hù)，因此，華豐煤礦選用了具有一定伸縮性能的鋼絲繩錨索加強(qiáng)支護(hù)。鋼絲繩錨索采用6SW40.5~26型鋼絲繩自制而成，直徑為12~14mm，長4.5m，在端頭200~400mm處各制一個(gè)異徑點(diǎn)，以保證藥卷攪拌效果，兩端頭用電焊機(jī)將鋼絲點(diǎn)焊成一體，防止攪拌過程中破股。2.2支護(hù)時(shí)間為防止巷道圍巖長期在高應(yīng)力條件下發(fā)生蠕變破壞，錨索支護(hù)應(yīng)在巷道一次、二次支護(hù)完成1個(gè)月后進(jìn)行，一般滯后掘進(jìn)迎頭150~200m以內(nèi)。2.3施工工藝錨索支護(hù)的施工工藝一般為：打眼-定鋼絞線-攪拌-掛鋼帶-上槽鋼錨具-張拉-沙漿封孔-槽鋼錨具刷漆。在巷道兩幫進(jìn)行錨索支護(hù)時(shí)，為防止錨索串皮，應(yīng)保證鉆機(jī)仰角不大于30度，以達(dá)到最佳支護(hù)效果。3錨索支護(hù)應(yīng)用實(shí)例華豐煤礦五水平車房、泵房、上山片口、車場(chǎng)等除采用兩次錨桿掛網(wǎng)、噴漿支護(hù)外，均