Unit 22MouldingboardconstructionqualitycontrolschemeText1.Keypointsforcontrols:

rawmaterialinspections;confirmationofmouldingboardconstructionprocess;inspectionofmouldboardreinforcementmethod;inspectionofsafemouldingboardconstruction;inspectionofmouldingboarddimensionandlocations;inspectionofembeddedpartsandpreservedholestolerance;mouldingboarddisassembly.2.Targetofcontrols:

throughcontrolsandinspectionsofabovementionedkeypoints,astomakethemouldingboardconstruction,concreteshapeandquality(dimensions,shape,elevations,axes)meettherequirementsofdesign,contractandrelevantspecifications.3.Methodofcontrols

Mouldingboardconstructionrawmaterialinspection

3.1.1 Mouldingboardmaterialsisdividedinto3categoriesaccordingtodifferentrequirementsofconcreteshapeandqualities.Text a)Roughmouldingboards:forthefoundationsandundergroundconstructionswithouthighconcretesurfacerequirements.Mouldingboardsurfacequalityandseamingsarenotimportant. b)Normalmouldingboard:forconcretesurfaceofouterequipmentfoundations,girdersandpostsofindustrialconstructionwithnormalappearancerequirements.Aflatmouldingboardsurfaceisrequired. c)Finemouldingboard:forconcretesurfaceofoffices,CCRetc,withhighappearancerequirements.Aflat,smoothmouldingboardsurfacewithoutapparentseamingsarerequired[1].

3.1.2 Adoptcorrespondingmouldingboardmaterialaccordingtousesandpropertiesofbuildingsandsubmitforapprovalbytheowner[2].

3.1.3 Mouldingboardmaterialsadoptlargeartificialboardsandassembledsteelmouldingboardwithathicknessof12mm,18mm.

3.1.4 Thecontactsurfacebetweenthemouldingboardandconcreteshouldbebrushedwithdisengagementagent,Asforthenormalmouldingboardandfineboard,normallydisengagementagentofoilytypeshouldnotbeapplied.Thetypeofthedisengagementagentshouldbesubmittedandgetapprovedbytheowner[3].Text

3.1.5 Mouldingboardsupportsshouldbeofsteelmaterial.Thematerialqualityshouldmeetrelevantspecialspecifications.

3.1.6 Haveregularmaintenanceofthemouldingboardsandsupports.Precautionsshouldbetakentomakemouldingboardsandsteelsupportrustfree.

3.1.7 Mouldingboardshouldhaveasimplestructureforeasyassemblyanddisassembly,alsoconvenientforrequirementsofsteelbarbinding,erection,concretefillingandcuring.

3.1.8 Thereshouldbenoleakagefrommouldingboardseamings.Woodenmouldingboardshouldbewateredwetbeforeconcretefillingwhereasthereshouldbenowaterdepositedinside[4].Confirmationofmouldingboardconstructionscheme Practical,safeandreliableconstructiontechnicalschemeshouldbeconstitutedaccordingtotheuse,property,loadbearingandrunningconditionsofthebuildingsbeforemouldingboardconstruction.whichalsoshouldbesubmittedforowner’sapproval[5]. Thedesignofmouldingboardsandsupportsshouldbemadeaccordingtotheformofconstructionstructure,theamountofthebearingload,thetypeoffoundationearth,andconditionsofconstructionequipmentsandmaterialsupply.Text Thefollowingloadsshouldbetakenintoaccountwhiledesigningmouldingboardanditssupport. a.deadweightofthemouldingboardandsupport b.deadweightofnewlyfilledconcrete c.deadweightofreinforcingsteelbars d.loadofconstructionpeopleandequipments e.loadfromvibratingandtamperingconcrete f.mouldingboardsidepressurefromnewlyfilledconcrete g.loadfromconcretepouring Whencalculatemouldingboardandsupportrigidness,themaxdeformationshouldnotexceedthefollowingallowablelimits;Asformouldingboardsforconstructionswithexposedsurface,spancalculationofmouldingconstructionis1/400;Asformouldingboardsforconstructionswithconcealedsurface,spancalculationofmouldingconstructionis1/250. Compresseddeformationorelasticflexibilityofthesupportsis1/1000ofthecorrespondingstructurespancalculated[6].Text Steelmouldingboardofassemblytypecanbeappliedforfoundations,mouldingboardforupperconstructionsandsupportsshouldbemadeaccordingtoconstructiontechnicalschemes.mouldingboarderectionqualityinspections Asforlongitudinalmouldingboardandsupportingpartofthesupports,whenerectedonfoundationearth,theymustbestrongwithshimplate. Ifthespanoflocallyreinforcedconcretefilledgirdersandboards,reaches4morbeyond,mouldingboardsshouldbeinanarchshape;Whenthereisnodefinitedesignrequirements,theheightofthearchis1/1000~3/1000ofthecompletedistanceofthespan. Whenerectinguppermouldingboardsandsupportsforlocallyconcretefilledconstructions,takeexactdesignsandconstructionsforthemouldingboardsandsupportswithrelativehighelevationandbearingloads,soastomakethemhavesufficientcapacityofloadbearing,rigidnessandstabilitytosustaintheweightoffilledconcrete,sidepressureandconstructionloads. Allowableerectiontoleranceoflocallyconcretefilledconstructionshouldmeetspecificationsintable22-1.TextTable22-1:Allowableerectiontoleranceoflocallyconcretefilledconstruction

Forexternalanglesofgirdersofconcreteconstructions,themouldingboarderectionshouldguaranteethattherewillbe“V”shapeguideangleswithqualifieddimensionsaccordingtothedesigndrawingsaftermouldingboarddisassembly[7].itemsallowabletolerance（mm）axesposition5elevationofuppersurfaceofbottommouldingboard±5sectioninternaldimensionfoundation±10peg,wall,girder+4，-5verticallayerheightoverallheight≤5m6overallheight≥5m8surfaceelevationdifferencebetweentwoadjacentboards2surfaceevenness(atadistanceof2m)5Text Asfornewlycompetedmouldingboarderections,peopleinchargeofsiteconstructionandprofessionalqualityinspectorfromcontractorsideshouldinspectaccordingtoconstructiondrawingsandrelevantspecificationsandcriterias.Thecontentsofinspectionincludebutarenotlimitedtotheelevations,axes,crosssectiondimensions,mouldingboardrigidness,strength,fixednessofsupports;Concretefillingornextconstructionprocedurecangetstartedonlyafterpassinginspections.Ifnotqualified,sub-contractormustreworktillpassinginspectionsbycontractor. Aftercompletionofmouldingboardconstruction,sundriesinsidemouldingboardsshouldbeclearedtimely. Whenfillingconcrete,thereshouldbeprofessionalcarpenterpresentatsiteforobservationincasethoseamendmentscanbemadeonceproblemoccurs.Glidingmouldingboardconstructionqualityrequirements Glidingboardsmustbeofsteeltype.Itmustbeguaranteedthattheyareflatwithrightangles.Noimpurities,holes,burr,rollededges,bendingordeformationisallowed.Boardthicknessisnolessthan1.5mm[8].TextSiloconstructioninthisprojectmustadoptglidingmouldingboards’construction. Mouldingboardshouldbecompatible,easytoassembleanddisassemblewithsufficientrigidness,andalsomeetthefollowingspecifications.Properboardheightwouldbe1200mm~1600mmwithaproperwidthof150mm~500mm. Boarddimensionshouldmeetdesignrequirements.Steelmouldingboardseamingshouldbetightandeasyforassemblyanddisassembly. Intheprocessofglidingmouldingboardconstruction,inspectionswouldbetakenatanytimewithlaserplumb-levelmeasuringinstrument,theodolite,andplumb.Precisionshouldnotbebelow1/10000.Accuratefixedobservationtargetandobservationshouldbeset. Intheglidingprocess,concreteandsundriesontheboardshouldbeclearedimmediately.Qualityrequirementsandinspectionsofembeddedpartsandpreservedholeserection Nomissingisallowedforembeddedpartstobefixedonmouldingboardsandpreservedholes.Erectionshouldbeoffixednesswithaccuratelocations.Allowabletoleranceseetable22-2.Embeddedpartsfabricationshouldconformtodesigndrawings[9].Text Aftercompletionofmouldingboardassembly,itshouldbemarkedontheboardthelocationofembeddedpartsandpreservedholes.Maketheassemblyaccordingtothedrawingsandthenfix. Aftertheerectionofembeddedpartsandpreservedholes,contractorwillhaveinspectionsaccordingtoconstructiondrawings;inspectioncontentsincludedbutarenotlimitedtoaxesdimensions,elevations,quantity,size,andcrosssectiondimensions,etc.Table22-2:allowabletoleranceforembeddedpartsandpreservedholesitemsallowabletolerance（mm）centrelinepositionofembeddedsteelplate3centrelinepositionofembeddedpipes,preservedholes3embeddedboltscenterlineposition2exposedlength+100preservedholescentrelineposition10crosssectioninternaldimension+100TextTimeofmouldingboardsdisassembly Disassemblemouldingboardsandsupportsatthetimewhenconcretestrengthoflocallyfilledconcreteconstructionsconformstodesignrequirements.Whenthereisnodefiniterequirements,followingrequirementsshouldbemet. Sidemouldingboards:Startthedisassemblyonlyaftertheconcretestrengthcanguaranteethatthesurfaceandcornerswillnotgetdamagedduetoboarddisassembly. Bottommouldingboards:Startthedisassemblyafterconcretestrengthconformstospecificationsintable22-3.Table22-3:ConcretestrengthwhenstartinglocallyfilledconcreteconstructionboarddisassemblytypeofconstructionspanL（m）percentageaccordingtodesignconcretestrengthstandard（%）boardsL≤2502＜L≤875L＞8100girders,arches,shellsL≤875L＞8100cantileverconstructionL≤275L＞2100Text Whendisassemblingmouldingboards,noimpactloadsshouldbeformedtothefloors.Disassembledboardsandsupportsshouldbepiledseparatelyandgetclearedtimely. Theconstructionsofdisassembledboardsandsupportscanbearallworkingloadsonlyafterreachingdesignconcretestrengthstandards.Iftheloadofconstructionbringsmoreadverseeffectsthannormalworkingloads,temporarysupportsmustbeaddedafterre-calculations.mouldingboard n.模板rawmaterialinspections 原材料的檢驗(yàn)constructionprocess 施工工藝dimension n.尺寸；[復(fù)]面積，范圍；[物]量綱；adj.（石料，木材）切成特定尺寸的embeddedparts 預(yù)埋件preservedholes 預(yù)留洞disassembly n.拆卸，分解，解體；拆開elevation n.高處，高度，海拔，[建]正視圖，立視圖axes n.軸；軸(axis的名詞復(fù)數(shù))；軸線seaming

n.縫合；接合；girder

n.大梁post

n.柱，樁，桿CCR

abbr.CentralControlRoom中央控制室corresponding

adj.相當(dāng)?shù)?，對?yīng)的；符合的；property

n.房地產(chǎn)；財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有權(quán)；特性disengagement

n.脫離；解開；解脫；agent

n.代理人；代理商；藥劑；specification

n.規(guī)格；詳述；說明書NewWordsandPhrasesprecaution n.預(yù)防，防備；預(yù)防措施steelbarbinding 鋼筋綁扎erection n.建立，設(shè)立；直立，豎立concretefilling 混凝土灌注concretecuring 混凝土養(yǎng)護(hù)leakage n.漏，漏出；泄露；滲漏物，漏出量deposited v.存放(deposit的過去式和過去分詞)；（尤指小心地或準(zhǔn)確地）放置；付（保證金）deadweight n.重負(fù)，重?fù)?dān)reinforcingsteelbars 鋼筋vibrate

vt.&vi.（使）振動(dòng)[顫動(dòng)]；擺動(dòng)tamper

vt.竄改；vi.篡改；n.夯，夯具；搗亂者;rigidness

n.堅(jiān)硬，勁直span

n.跨度，墩距；一段時(shí)間；vt.縛住或扎牢shim

n.薄墊片；vt.用墊片填sundries

n.雜項(xiàng)，雜物；雜貨，雜項(xiàng)amendment

n.修正案；修改，修訂Silo

n.筒倉；（危險(xiǎn)物品的）地下貯藏庫Theodolite

n.經(jīng)緯儀cantilever

n.懸臂arch

n.弓形；拱門；拱形物NewWordsandPhrasesNotes（1）Finemouldingboard:forconcretesurfaceofoffices,CCRetc,withhighappearancerequirements.Aflat,smoothmouldingboardsurfacewithoutapparentseamingsarerequired. 精細(xì)模板：用于辦公室、中央控制室等外觀質(zhì)量要求很高的砼表面，要求模板平整、光滑、無明顯接縫。（2）Adoptcorrespondingmouldingboardmaterialaccordingtousesandpropertiesofbuildingsandsubmitforapprovalbytheowner. 應(yīng)根據(jù)建筑物的用途、性質(zhì)采用相應(yīng)種類的模板材料，并報(bào)請業(yè)主方認(rèn)可。（3）Thecontactsurfacebetweenthemouldingboardandconcreteshouldbebrushedwithdisengagementagent,asforthenormalmouldingboardandfineboard,normallydisengagementagentofoilytypeshouldnotbeapplied.Thetypeofthedisengagementagentshouldbesubmittedandgetapprovedbytheowner. 模板與砼的接觸面應(yīng)刷脫模劑，對一般模板和精細(xì)模板一般不應(yīng)使用油質(zhì)脫模劑，使用何種脫模劑應(yīng)報(bào)請業(yè)主方認(rèn)可。Notes（4）Thereshouldbenoleakagefrommouldingboardseamings.Woodenmouldingboardshouldbewateredwetbeforeconcretefillingwhereasthereshouldbenowaterdepositedinside. 模板的接縫不應(yīng)漏漿，在砼澆筑前木模應(yīng)澆水濕潤，但模板內(nèi)不應(yīng)有積水。（5）Practical,safeandreliableconstructiontechnicalschemeshouldbeconstitutedaccordingtotheuse,property,loadbearingandrunningconditionsofthebuildingsbeforemouldingboardconstruction.whichalsoshouldbesubmittedforowner’sapproval. 模板工程施工前應(yīng)根據(jù)建筑物的用途、性質(zhì)、荷載大小、使用條件等制定切實(shí)可行、安全可靠的施工技術(shù)方案，并報(bào)請業(yè)主認(rèn)可。（6）Compresseddeformationorelasticflexibilityofthesupportsis1/1000ofthecorrespondingstructurespancalculated. 支架的壓縮變形值或彈性撓度，為相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算跨度的1/1000。Notes（7）Forexternalanglesofgirdersofconcreteconstructions,themouldingboarderectionshouldguaranteethattherewillbe“V”shapeguideangleswithqualifieddimensionsaccordingtothedesigndrawingsaftermouldingboarddisassembly. 所有清水混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)梁的陽角，在模板安裝施工時(shí)，應(yīng)保證在拆模后，留有八字倒角，倒角尺寸應(yīng)符合圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)要求。（8）Glidingboardsmustbeofsteeltype.Itmustbeguaranteedthattheyareflatwithrightangles.Noimpurities,holes,burr,rollededges,bendingordeformationisallowed.Boardthicknessisnolessthan1.5mm. 滑模使用的模板必須為鋼模板，并且要保證平整、四角方正，無雜質(zhì)、孔洞、毛刺、卷邊、曲翹、變形等。鋼板厚度不小于1.5mm。（9）Nomissingisallowedforembeddedpartstobefixedonmouldingboardsandpreservedholes.Erectionshouldbeoffixednesswithaccuratelocations. 固定在模板上的預(yù)埋件及預(yù)留孔洞均不得遺漏，安裝必須牢固，位置準(zhǔn)確。1.據(jù)一份評論在英國投標(biāo)的承包商的報(bào)價(jià)準(zhǔn)確性和差異性的文獻(xiàn)披露，用偏差系數(shù)（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差/平均值）衡量報(bào)價(jià)偏差時(shí)。其范圍為5%到8%。2.一座房子的真正價(jià)值不僅在于它的工程建設(shè)質(zhì)量和配套設(shè)施，更重要的是在于它的環(huán)境及未來價(jià)值的變遷方向。3.建設(shè)本質(zhì)上