高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省威海市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHorseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Let’sexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.ChineseHorseatLascauxCaveThisChineseHorsepaintingwasfirstdiscoveredin1940attheprehistoriccaveartsites,Lascaux,inFrance.ThepaintingearneditsnameforlookinglikethestyleofaSungChinesepaintingofahorse.Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray(噴灑)paintingtechniqueusingahollow(空心的)reedtoblowpigmentthrough.WhistlejacketWhistlejacketdepictsalife-sizedracehorseagainstaplainbackground.Oneofthemostuniquefeaturesofthispaintingisthatitdoesnotsituatethehorseinanyparticularlocation.Rather,itfocusesonlyonthedetailsandcharacterofthehorseinquestion.Inaway,Stubbscapturesthespiritofthehorsethatsuggestsfreedomofspirit,nottiedtoanybackgroundorenvironment,whichmakesthishorsepaintingquitespecialforitstime.HorseFrightenedbyLightningInHorseFrightenedbyLightning,awhitehorseisfrightenedbythelightning,standingonitshindlegsinastorm.Thedaringcolorchoicesanddetailedbrushworkcapturesthereactionoftheanimalwithcare,showingpanicandterror.Theunpleasantweatherishighlightedbythestrongcontrastcreatedbetweenthehorseandthedarkblackandgraycloudsthatcovertheentiresky.ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintingsincludesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.1.WhatdoweknowaboutChineseHorse?A.Itemployedcolorsdaringly.B.Itwaspaintedonanimalskins.C.ItwasaSungChinesepainting.D.Itusedaspraypaintingapproach.2.WhatthemeiscommonlyfoundinRomantichorsepaintings?A.Freedomofspirit. B.Strongemotion.C.Connectionwithanimals. D.Powerofnature.3.Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A.Anartmagazinearticle. B.Anartfestivalguide.C.Anartexhibitionposter. D.Anarthistorylecture.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了馬在許多著名藝術(shù)家的心中一直占有特殊的地位，文章重點(diǎn)介紹了一些著名藝術(shù)家最著名的馬畫(huà)。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChineseHorseatLascauxCave中“Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray(噴灑)paintingtechniqueusingahollow(空心的)reedtoblowpigmentthrough.”（早期的藝術(shù)家們用動(dòng)物的皮膚和毛發(fā)制作了他們自己的畫(huà)筆，也采用了一種用中空蘆葦吹顏料的噴灑繪畫(huà)技術(shù)。）可知，中國(guó)馬畫(huà)使用了一種噴灑的方法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HorseFrightenedbyLightning中“ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintingsincludesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.”（在大多數(shù)浪漫主義的馬畫(huà)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的象征主義包括激情、權(quán)力、高貴和強(qiáng)烈的情感。）可知，浪漫主義馬畫(huà)中常見(jiàn)的主題是強(qiáng)烈的情感。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Horseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Let’sexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.”（馬在許多著名藝術(shù)家的心中一直占有特殊的地位。讓我們來(lái)探索一些著名藝術(shù)家最著名的馬畫(huà)。）可知，文章主要講的是一些著名藝術(shù)家最著名的馬畫(huà)。由此可推知，這篇文章可能出自一篇藝術(shù)雜志文章。故選A項(xiàng)。BWhileWestAfrica’sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.SoccerteamsfromtwovillagesinParakou,acentralcityinBenin,competedonasoccerfieldnearthebaseoftheChinesesupportmissionforcottonproductioninBenin,inBelleCiteVillage.Forthepastdecade,theChina-assistedcottontechnologyprojecthasbeenactiveinParakou,amajorcotton-producingregioninBenin.Thelong-termtechnicalassistancehasbuiltstrongrelationshipswithvillagers.Whentheprojectteamlearnedthattheformersoccerfieldhadbeenexpropriated(征用),theydecidedtobuildanewoneusingagriculturalmachineryandrecycledmaterials.Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.“LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.ItquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagriculturaldowntimes.Asthetournamentprogressed,itspopularityrose.Villagersfromsurroundingareastraveledonmotorcycleswiththeirchildrentowatchthematches.YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuperLeagueforpromoting(促進(jìn))communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.“Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.”4.WhathascausedexcitementamongthevillagersinParakou?A.Thefirstvillageleague. B.TheChina-assistedproject.C.Thenewly-builtfootballfield. D.Thestartoftheharvestseason.5.ForwhatreasonwastheFriendshipFootballFieldbuilt?A.Toattractworldwidetourists. B.Toprovideaplaceforsoccerlovers.C.Toinspirelocals’loveforsoccer. D.TobringChinesecultureintofocus.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.HowpopularfootballisinBenin.B.Howthenewfootballfieldwasbuilt.C.WhatBeninVillageSuperLeagueislike.D.WhyChinesevillageleaguemodelwasintroduced.7.WhatdoesYvesKobathinkoftheVillageSuperLeagueinBenin?A.Itbringsinhugemoney. B.Itpromotescross-culturalexchanges.C.Itformsanewtradition. D.Itstrengthensfriendshipamongvillages.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在中國(guó)援助下，貝寧的一個(gè)村莊如何通過(guò)足球聯(lián)賽加強(qiáng)社區(qū)凝聚力和文化交流的故事。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“WhileWestAfrica’sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.(雖然西非的貝寧即將進(jìn)入雨季，但偶爾的陣雨和悶熱的天氣絲毫沒(méi)有影響聚集在一起觀看第一屆貝寧鄉(xiāng)村超級(jí)聯(lián)賽的當(dāng)?shù)卮迕竦臒崆?”可知，第一屆鄉(xiāng)村聯(lián)賽讓帕拉庫(kù)的村民感到興奮。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ “LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.(“當(dāng)?shù)厝藷釔?ài)足球，我想把這種模式帶到這里，建立一個(gè)類似的聯(lián)賽，”中國(guó)技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人首曉勇說(shuō))”和第四段“NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.ItquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagriculturaldowntimes.(這個(gè)名為“友誼足球場(chǎng)”的新設(shè)施于去年3月投入使用。它很快成為BelleCite及附近地區(qū)村民的首選足球場(chǎng)地，定期舉辦比賽，特別是在農(nóng)閑時(shí)節(jié)。)”可知，建友誼足球場(chǎng)的目的是為足球愛(ài)好者提供一個(gè)場(chǎng)所。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.“LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.(去年夏天，中國(guó)西南部貴州省榕江縣的一些足球比賽視頻變得非常流行，并吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的游客。受到這一點(diǎn)的啟發(fā)，帕拉庫(kù)的鄉(xiāng)村超級(jí)聯(lián)賽在中場(chǎng)休息時(shí)加入了文化表演，其中包括中國(guó)的武術(shù)和貝寧的傳統(tǒng)舞蹈?！爱?dāng)?shù)厝藷釔?ài)足球，我想把這種模式帶到這里，建立一個(gè)類似的聯(lián)賽，”中國(guó)技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人首曉勇說(shuō))”可知，第三段主要是說(shuō)為什么要引進(jìn)中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村聯(lián)賽模式。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子“YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuperLeagueforpromoting( 促進(jìn))communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.“Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.”(BelleCite村村長(zhǎng)伊夫·科巴稱贊鄉(xiāng)村超級(jí)聯(lián)賽促進(jìn)了村莊之間的交流和友誼。“聯(lián)賽讓我們更加團(tuán)結(jié)。我希望它能繼續(xù)下去，我們的村民明年能取得更好的成績(jī)?！?”可知，科巴認(rèn)為聯(lián)賽加強(qiáng)了村莊之間的友誼。故選D項(xiàng)。CEveryyear,travelersheadtoSouthAmericatobeamazedatthevastglaciers,hugeopenskiesandhighmountains.ButatOmoraEthnobotanicalParkonTierradelFuego,visitorsareencouragedtothinksmall.TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔蘚植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大鏡).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.Iwonderedhowinterestingmossescouldbe.ButwhenIgotupclose,theystartedtocometolife.Shapesandcoloursappearedthatwerenotvisibletothenakedeye.Oneplantwasbrightyellow,whileanotherwasgreenwithabrightredtiplikealittlehat.OneofthestrangestplantsisOldMan’sBeard,whichlookslikethinnoodlesandhangsoffthetreesinwebs.AccordingtomyguideLilyLewis,itplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthoftheforest,capturingnutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng))andsaltsblowninontheoceanwind.OldMan’sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.“Thehandlensisyourentrypointintotheworldoftheminiatureforests,”Lewissaid.“Lookingthroughalensremindsyouthatthereareotherviewpointsfromwhichwecanseetheworld.”8.WhichtitlebestdescribesTierradelFuego?A.Awonderlandfortinyplants. B.Auniqueplaceforrarespecies.C.Atopdestinationforhikinglovers. D.Aremotelandwithdifferentlandscapes.9.WhatqualityishighlyvaluedwhileexploringOmoraEthnobotanicalPark?A.Curiosityandcreativity. B.Quicknessandconfidence.C.Calmnessandattentiveness. D.Determinationandcourage.10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“vulnerable”?A.Sensitive. B.Adaptable. C.Beneficial. D.Resistant.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Eco-tourisminTierradelFuego B.AnEncounterwithOldMan’sBeardC.ATinyForestontheTipoftheWorld D.StartYourJourneyofDiscovery,Now!【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了火地島的奧莫拉民族植物公園里的苔蘚植物組成了一個(gè)微型森林世界?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔蘚植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.(火地島是南美洲的一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)島嶼，在動(dòng)物和樹(shù)木方面可能很少，但說(shuō)到苔蘚植物，它是地球上最豐富的角落之一。在地球陸地面積不到0.01%的地區(qū)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上超過(guò)5%的苔蘚植物物種)”可知，火地島雖小，但擁有世界上超過(guò)5%的苔蘚植物物種，“火地島是小植物的仙境”適合做標(biāo)題。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.(集中注意力是關(guān)鍵：當(dāng)你躡手躡腳地穿過(guò)公園時(shí)，很容易錯(cuò)過(guò)甚至踩到它們)”可知，在探索奧莫拉民族植物公園時(shí)，冷靜和專注是最重要的。故選C?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.(但在火地島，那里的空氣和雨水是地球上最干凈的，它瘋狂地生長(zhǎng))”以及劃線詞句“OldMan’sBeardisextremely

vulnerable

topollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.(OldMan’sBeard對(duì)污染極其vulnerable，幾乎在地球的大部分地區(qū)都消失了)”可知，火地島環(huán)境非常好，OldMan’sBeard在火地島生長(zhǎng)得很好，說(shuō)明對(duì)污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地區(qū)幾乎都消失了。故劃線詞意思是“敏感的”。故選A。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大鏡).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.(一進(jìn)入公園，你就會(huì)得到一個(gè)放大鏡。在植物專家的指導(dǎo)下，您將被邀請(qǐng)跪下來(lái)探索火地島鮮為人知的“微型森林”世界——覆蓋在巖石和樹(shù)木上的苔蘚植物)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了火地島的奧莫拉民族植物公園里的苔蘚植物組成了一個(gè)微型森林世界?？芍?，C選項(xiàng)“世界之巔的小森林”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DThetimeforactionisnow,atleastwhenitcomestoclimatechange.Ifwedon’ttakemeasuresthatlimitglobalwarming,itmaybeimpossibletostopitsprogress,accordingtoastudypublishedin2018.Thestudyclaimsthatin2035,wewillcrossapointofnoreturn—afterwhichitwillbeextremelyunlikelythatwecanstopEarth’stemperaturefromrisingby2degreesCelsius(2℃)andkickingoffdangerousglobaldisasters.The2℃markisveryimportantforEarth’swell-being.Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels(礦物燃料)torenewableenergysources.Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.Scientistshavefiguredthattheshareofrenewablesworldwidemustgrowbyatleast2percenteachyearinordertoslowtheprocesstowardclimatechange.Twopercentayearmaynotsoundlikemuch,butinthe20yearsleadingupto2017,thepercentageofenergyfromrenewablesgrewbyapoortotalof3.6percent.Thereishope,though.Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists’model,sayby5percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline(最后期限)couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.ThesegaseschangeEarth’satmosphereandallowittocapturemoreheatfromthesunandcausetemperaturestorise.“Wehopethat‘havingadeadline’maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,”HenkDijkstra,oneofthestudyauthors,said.“Verylittletimeisleft.”12.WhatmighthappenoncetheEarthwarmsanadditional2℃?A.Theclimatesystemwillberebuilt.B.Globalwarmingisuncontrollable.C.Naturaldisastersbecomeunavoidable.D.Timelyactionwillnolongerbenecessary.13.Whatdoestheunderlined“this”inparagraph4referto?A.Theadvancesofscientificresearch.B.Theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables.C.Theprocessofslowingdownclimatechange.D.Theincreaseofpublicenvironmentalawareness.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelimitationofscientists’model.B.Possiblesolutionstoslowingclimatechange.C.Thevalueofthe‘pointofnoreturn’concept.D.SeriouseffectsofgreenhousegasesonEarth.15.Whydotheresearcherssetadeadline?A.Tostresstheneedofglobalcooperation.B.Tocallonpeopletouserenewableenergy.C.Tourgepolicymakerstotakeimmediateaction.D.Toshowtheirdeterminationtostopglobalwarming.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要描述了全球變暖的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和即將產(chǎn)生的危害，并敦促?zèng)Q策者要立即采取行動(dòng)加以應(yīng)對(duì)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.”(科學(xué)家們預(yù)測(cè)，一旦地球溫度再升高2攝氏度，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列災(zāi)難性的影響，從沿海地區(qū)的大范圍洪水到燃燒的熱浪和極端風(fēng)暴。)可知，一旦地球溫度再升高2℃，就很可能無(wú)法避免地發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害。故選C?！?3題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels(礦物燃料)torenewableenergysources.”(一個(gè)可能會(huì)減緩2035年走向不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的臨界點(diǎn)的重要領(lǐng)域，是從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)變。)和劃線詞所在句“Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.”(但甚至這樣也需要取得重大進(jìn)展。)可知，“this”指的是上句所提到的“thechangingfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergysources(從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)變)”，即theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables(從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)變)。故選B?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists’model,sayby5percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline(最后期限)couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.”(研究人員指出，如果可再生能源的使用超過(guò)科學(xué)家的范例，比如每年增加5%，那么氣候變化的最后期限可能會(huì)推遲至少十年。此外，開(kāi)發(fā)從大氣中去除溫室氣體的技術(shù)也有助于減緩氣候變化。)可知，該段主要講述了可能減緩氣候變化的解決方案。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段研究者HenkDijkstra的話“Wehopethat‘havingadeadline’maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,”(我們希望“設(shè)定最后期限”可能會(huì)激發(fā)決策者采取行動(dòng)的緊迫感)可知，研究者們?cè)O(shè)定最后期限是為了敦促?zèng)Q策者立即采取行動(dòng)。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IwouldfeelashamedeverytimeIreceiveanewpackage(包裹)onmydoorstep.Iknowthatbuyingnewstuffisbadfortheplanet.ButeverytimeIbuysomething,Igetsomehappinessthat’shardtogiveup.Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights:____16____It’sthewayourbrainshaveevolved(進(jìn)化).Andtheremaybeawaytobreakthecycle.Weareevolvedfromsimpleorganismsthatsurvivedbecausetheirnetworksofnervecellslearnedtorepeatrewarding(有益的)decisions.Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.____17____Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.____18____Maybeyouweren’teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.Thebestwaytobreaktheoverbuyinghabitsisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely.____19____Imagineyou’veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknowyoudon’tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,whichprovidessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswillfeelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.____20____Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.A.Weneedthatsamereplacementforshopping.B.Whetherthatapproachwouldworkisupfordebate.C.Ourbrainsespeciallylikeit,andreleasemoredopamine.D.Mydesiretokeepbuyingthingsisn’tnecessarilyapersonalfault.E.Inthisprocess,dopamineisreleased,helpinguslearnhowtoobtainareward.F.Thegoodfeelingconnectedtounexpectedrewardsispartlywhywelikeshopping.G.Abettersolutionmaybetoreplacetheold,long-termharmfulrewardswithnewones.【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.G20.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了為什么人類喜歡購(gòu)物以及如何改掉購(gòu)物的習(xí)慣?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights(最近一本新書(shū)給了我新的見(jiàn)解)”以及后文“It’sthewayourbrainshaveevolved(進(jìn)化).(這是我們大腦進(jìn)化的方式)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明具體的見(jiàn)解內(nèi)容。故D選項(xiàng)“我想不停地買東西并不一定是個(gè)人的錯(cuò)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.(今天，我們的大腦中有數(shù)十億的活動(dòng)細(xì)胞。它們總是形成聯(lián)系來(lái)加強(qiáng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)行為)”以及后文“Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.(我們尋找多巴胺的釋放，同時(shí)重復(fù)導(dǎo)致它們的行為)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明細(xì)胞形成聯(lián)系加強(qiáng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)行為會(huì)釋放多巴胺。故E選項(xiàng)“在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，多巴胺被釋放，幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)如何獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Maybeyouweren’teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.(也許你根本沒(méi)想過(guò)買水彩顏料。然后有什么東西提醒你喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)，你在網(wǎng)上搜索，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們比你想象的要便宜。當(dāng)它們來(lái)到你家門口時(shí)，它們比你想象的要好。你的大腦會(huì)被吸引去重復(fù)那些給你帶來(lái)意想不到的好東西的行為)”可知，本段主要分析了喜歡購(gòu)物是因?yàn)榭梢詭?lái)良好的感覺(jué)。故F選項(xiàng)“與意外獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)相關(guān)的良好感覺(jué)是我們喜歡購(gòu)物的部分原因”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Imagineyou’veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknowyoudon’tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,whichprovidessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswillfeelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.(想象一下，你已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了睡前吃巧克力的習(xí)慣，即使你知道你不需要卡路里。你可以嘗試用可可粉代替牛奶，這更健康，也能提供同樣的舒適感。一旦你開(kāi)始減肥，能夠穿上舊衣服的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)就像巧克力曾經(jīng)給你的感覺(jué)一樣好)”可知，本段給出的建議是通過(guò)新的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)代替舊的不好的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故G選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)更好的解決辦法可能是用新的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)取代舊的、長(zhǎng)期有害的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.(購(gòu)買二手物品滿足了我們的獲得欲望。它讓我們?cè)诓幌母噘Y源的情況下獲得意想不到的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))”可知，后文提到了購(gòu)買二手物品來(lái)代替購(gòu)物，故A選項(xiàng)“我們需要同樣替代的品來(lái)購(gòu)物”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）GitanjaliRaoisasophomore(大二學(xué)生)andalsoaninventor.Inhershortlife,shehasusedscientificcreativityto____21____manyreal-worldproblems.SinceGitanjaliwasin3rdgrade,shehastriedtoaddressbigsocialproblemswithher____22____.Itwasthenthatshelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater,andtheterribleimpactithasonchildren’s____23____.Afterlotsofresearch,shemanagedtodesignadevicethatattachestoamobilephoneandcanimmediatelyidentify____24____inwater.Gitanjali’sloveofreal-worldproblemsolvingdidnot____25____there,however.Sincethen,shehasalsoinventedanapptohelppreventcyberbullying.Andanearlywarningsystemtocatchdrugaddictioninyoungadults.Buildingonherexperience,Gitanjaliwantsto____26____otherstousescienceandtechtosolvebigproblems.“Idon’tlooklikeyour____27____scientist.EverythingIseeonTVisthatit’susuallyanoldermanasascientist,”shesaid.“Mygoalhasreallyshiftedfrom____28____myowndevicestosolveproblemstoinspiringotherstodothesameaswell.Because,frompersonalexperience,it’snot____29____whenyoudon’tseeanyoneelselikeyou.SoIreallywanttoputoutthat____30____:“IfIcandoit,youcandoit,andanyonecandoit.”21.A.meetwith B.focuson C.learnfrom D.dealwith22.A.projects B.teams C.talents D.plans23.A.health B.education C.creativity D.behavior24.A.lead B.drugs C.microplastic D.minerals25.A.lie B.end C.work D.reach26.A.teach B.inspire C.advise D.remind27.A.successful B.serious C.modern D.typical28.A.fixing B.testing C.creating D.using29.A.fun B.easy C.helpful D.comfortable30.A.message B.challenge C.theory D.summary【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.A25.B26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章介紹了大二學(xué)生GitanjaliRao用自己的發(fā)明解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題的故事。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在她短暫的一生中，她運(yùn)用科學(xué)創(chuàng)造力解決了許多現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。A.meetwith遇見(jiàn)；B.focuson集中注意力于；C.learnfrom從……中學(xué)習(xí)；D.dealwith處理，解決。結(jié)合空后“manyreal-worldproblems”以及下文“addressbigsocialproblems”可知，GitanjaliRao用創(chuàng)意解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，故選D?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自從Gitanjali上三年級(jí)以來(lái)，她就試圖用自己的才能解決重大的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。A.projects項(xiàng)目，工程；B.teams團(tuán)隊(duì)；C.talents才能，天賦；D.plans計(jì)劃。根據(jù)上文“shehasusedscientificcreativity”可知，她用科學(xué)創(chuàng)意解決問(wèn)題，即自己的才能，故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，她了解到鉛污染的水，以及它對(duì)兒童健康的可怕影響。A.health健康；B.education教育；C.creativity創(chuàng)造力；D.behavior行為。根據(jù)上文“shelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater”可知，她了解到鉛污染的水，應(yīng)是對(duì)兒童的健康產(chǎn)生影響，故選A?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)大量的研究，她設(shè)法設(shè)計(jì)了一種可以附著在手機(jī)上的設(shè)備，可以立即識(shí)別水中的鉛。A.lead鉛；B.drugs藥物，毒品；C.microplastic微塑料；D.minerals礦物質(zhì)。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ead-pollutedwater”可知，她是要解決鉛污染的問(wèn)題，故她發(fā)明的設(shè)備可以檢測(cè)水中的鉛，故選A。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Gitanjali對(duì)解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題的熱愛(ài)并沒(méi)有就此結(jié)束。A.lie平躺，撒謊；B.end結(jié)束；C.work工作；D.reach到達(dá)。結(jié)合下文“Sincethen,shehasalsoinventedanapptohelppreventcyberbullying.”可知，她對(duì)解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題的熱愛(ài)并沒(méi)有就此結(jié)束，故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：基于她的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，Gitanjali希望激勵(lì)其他人使用科學(xué)技術(shù)來(lái)解決大問(wèn)題。A.teach教；B.inspire鼓舞，激勵(lì)；C.advise建議；D.remind提醒。根據(jù)下文“inspiringotherstodothesameaswell”可知，她希望激勵(lì)其他人使用科學(xué)技術(shù)來(lái)解決大問(wèn)題，故選B。【27題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我看起來(lái)不像典型的科學(xué)家。A.successful成功的；B.serious嚴(yán)肅的；C.modern現(xiàn)代的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)下文“EverythingIseeonTVisthatit’susuallyanoldermanasascientist”可知，科學(xué)家通常是年紀(jì)較大的人，Gitanjali是一名大二的學(xué)生，故看起來(lái)不像典型的科學(xué)家，故選D?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的目標(biāo)已經(jīng)從創(chuàng)造自己的設(shè)備來(lái)解決問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧?lì)其他人也這樣做。A.fixing修理；B.testing測(cè)試；C.creating創(chuàng)造；D.using使用。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及文章首句中“aninventor”可知，Gitanjali是一名發(fā)明家，故發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造設(shè)備來(lái)解決問(wèn)題，故選C。【29題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)?，從我個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，當(dāng)你看不到和你一樣的人時(shí)，這并不容易。A.fun有趣的；B.easy容易的；C.helpful有幫助的；D.comfortable舒服的。根據(jù)上文“inspiringotherstodothesameaswell”以及空后“whenyoudon’tseeanyoneelselikeyou”可知，Gitanjali想要激勵(lì)其他人也這樣做，說(shuō)明只靠個(gè)人發(fā)明來(lái)解決問(wèn)題很困難，所以她希望有更多人和她一樣，故選B。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我真的很想傳達(dá)這樣的信息：“如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。”A.message信息；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.theory理論；D.summary總結(jié)。根據(jù)“IfIcandoit,youcandoit,andanyonecandoit.”可知，Gitanjali想要向大家傳遞這樣的信息：如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chineseshadowpuppetry(皮影戲)isprobablyoneofthemostancientartsusinglightandshadow.Generally,shadowpuppetryisa____31____(combine)ofvariousartformsinvolvingpainting,carving,music,operaperformanceandstory-telling.DatingbacktotheHanDynasty,shadowpuppetryreacheditsgoldenageintheQingDynasty.Atthattime,it____32____(perform)inalmosteveryprovince,andatvariouscelebrations,ranging____33____weddingstofestivalcelebrations.Itisnotaneasyjobtomakethepuppets(木偶)____34____(use)inperformances.Mostofthemaremadeofleathers,____35____mustbecarefullyselectedandrepeatedlypolishedandprocessedbeforetheyarereadyforcarvingthepuppets.Whentheleathersbecometransparent,fineandsmoothenough,theartistswouldpaintthecharactersonthem,andthencarvethemoutwithtools.Thebodypartsofthepuppetsareseparatelycutoutandjoinedtogether,sothattheycouldhaveasmuchas24movablejoints(關(guān)節(jié)).Performersholdthemwithsticksconnectedto____36____(they)mostimportantjointsduringtheperformances,sothatthepuppetscouldbeshownas“____37____(move)images”onthescreens.With____38____riseofvariousformsofentertainment,shadowpuppetryhasbeenlosingitsshine.However,localartistsacrossChina____39____(explore)waystohelpitsurvive.In2011,ChineseshadowpuppetrywasaddedtoUNESCO’sIntangibleCulturalHeritagelist,thus____40____(breathe)newlifeintotheancientartform.【答案】31.combination32.wasperformed33.from34.used35.which36.their37.moving38.the39.havebeenexploring40.breathing【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文體裁為說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)皮影戲這一古老藝術(shù)形式的歷史、制作過(guò)程、表演方式以及當(dāng)前面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和保護(hù)措施。【31題詳析】考查名詞。句意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，皮影戲是涉及繪畫(huà)、雕刻、音樂(lè)、戲劇表演和講故事的各種藝術(shù)形式的結(jié)合?？仗幱妹~combination“結(jié)合”作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合空前的a可知，用單數(shù)形式，作表語(yǔ)。故填combination。【32題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，它幾乎在每個(gè)省份和各種慶祝活動(dòng)中表演，包括婚禮和節(jié)日慶典。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Atthattime可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)it和動(dòng)詞perform“表演”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wasperformed?！?3題詳析】考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，它幾乎在每個(gè)省份和各種慶祝活動(dòng)中表演，包括婚禮和節(jié)日慶典。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應(yīng)填介詞from，rangefrom...to...表示“范圍從……到……”。故填from?！?4題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：制作用于表演的木偶并不是一件容易的事。本句系動(dòng)詞為is，此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且puppets與use“使用”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞puppets。故填used?！?5題詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：大多數(shù)皮影戲木偶是用皮革制成的，這些皮革必須經(jīng)過(guò)精心挑選，并在雕刻木偶之前反復(fù)打磨和加工。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是leathers，指物，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which?！?6題詳析】考查代詞。句意：在表演過(guò)程中，表演者用連接在他們最重要關(guān)節(jié)上的棍子拿著木偶，這樣木偶就可以在屏幕上作為“移動(dòng)的圖像”顯示出來(lái)?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their，修飾mostimportantjoints。故填their?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：在表演過(guò)程中，表演者用連接在他們最重要關(guān)節(jié)上的棍子拿著木偶，這樣木偶就可以在屏幕上作為“移動(dòng)的圖像”顯示出來(lái)?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞moving“移動(dòng)的”，修飾名詞images，作前置定語(yǔ)。故填moving。【38題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：隨著各種娛樂(lè)形式的興起，皮影戲逐漸失去了光彩?？仗帒?yīng)填定冠詞the，表示特指。故填the?！?9題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：然而，中國(guó)各地的當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家正在探索幫助它生存的方法。explore“探索”這一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，句子時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing，又因主語(yǔ)artists是復(fù)數(shù)，所以助