高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省臨沂市蘭山區(qū)山某中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APartofSTEMlearningisseeinganddoing,andthenrecordingandanalyzingtheresults.ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoaccommodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmind-blowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.WeatherLaboratoriesTomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdalotofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyrecommendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.Simulations(模擬)forScienceandMathItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.SpaceExplorationSimulationsTheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)featuresmanySTEMlearningactivitiesforstudentsingradesK-12.Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.Theappallowsuserstoexploretheuniverseandunlockstoriesoftrailblazingscientistsandtheircontributionstospaceexplorationandscience.1.Whoaretheintendedreaders?A.Parents. B.Students. C.Teachers. D.Researchers.2.WhatmakesSimulationsforScienceandMathdifferentfromtheotherlabs?A.Itcoversthemostsubjects. B.Ithasatranslationcentre.C.Itoffersgamifiedlearningexperiences. D.Itprovidesmultipletoolsforrecording.3.Whatdoallthethreelabshaveincommon?A.Theycentreonproblemsolvingskills.B.Theyfacilitateadvancedscientificresearch.C.Theyprovidevirtualscientificexploration.D.TheyhelpstudentswithSTEMprojectsfromschool.【答案】1.A2.A3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用。文章主要介紹了一些能讓孩子在線學(xué)習(xí)STEM課程時(shí)更生動(dòng)有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，包括氣象實(shí)驗(yàn)室、科學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室、太空探索模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室?！?題詳析】推理判斷題、根據(jù)第一段“ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoaccommodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmind-blowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.(但并不是所有的在線或家庭學(xué)校課程都是為了適應(yīng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)或其他STEM學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)而設(shè)置的。讓我們來(lái)看看一些令人興奮的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，它們可以幫助您的孩子在在線學(xué)校體驗(yàn)中活躍STEM主題)”可知，文章介紹這些實(shí)驗(yàn)室是為了孩子的在線學(xué)習(xí)，所以目標(biāo)讀者是家長(zhǎng)，故選A。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Simulations(模擬)forScienceandMath中的“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.(它是科羅拉多大學(xué)博爾德分校的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，也是在線科學(xué)互動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室最豐富的單一數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之一。調(diào)查超過(guò)150個(gè)物理、化學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、生物和地球科學(xué)主題。有幾十種語(yǔ)言版本，可以根據(jù)年級(jí)、科目和可訪問(wèn)性進(jìn)行搜索)”可知，科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)模擬涵蓋多個(gè)學(xué)科，而其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室未提及如此廣泛的學(xué)科范圍。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WeatherLaboratories中的“Tomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdahuhofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyrecommendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.(為了讓了解天氣變得更容易、更有趣，美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局（NOAA）為學(xué)生和教育工作者推薦了一系列信息豐富的天氣活動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室。事實(shí)上，他們的兒童天氣科學(xué)內(nèi)容以一個(gè)天氣實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)用程序?yàn)樘厣?，該?yīng)用程序允許中學(xué)生預(yù)測(cè)天氣模式，并了解當(dāng)洋流和氣團(tuán)相互作用時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么)”可知，氣象實(shí)驗(yàn)室有虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室讓學(xué)生預(yù)測(cè)天氣模式；Simulations(模擬)forScienceandMath“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.(它是科羅拉多大學(xué)博爾德分校的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，也是在線科學(xué)互動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室最豐富的單一數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之一)”可知，科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)模擬是在線科學(xué)互動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；SpaceExplorationSimulations中的“Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.(互動(dòng)模擬，也游戲化，使學(xué)習(xí)參與和樂(lè)趣為您的孩子)”可知，太空探索模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室有互動(dòng)模擬，讓用戶探索宇宙。綜上所述，它們都提供了虛擬科學(xué)探索。故選C。BWhenthinkingofTCM(TraditionalChineseMedicine)doctors,onemightpictureanelderlymanwithalongbeardsittinginfrontofamedicinechest.However,HeSuye,ayoungandtalentedphysicianinthelatestmedical-romancedramaTheBestThing,challengesthattraditionalimage.Playedbythe27-year-oldactorZhangLinghe,Mr.HeisaprofessionalTCMspecialistwithagentlepersonality,butoutsideofwork.heenjoyshobbieslikeskateboardingandmalatang,atypeofhotpot,reshapingcommonviewsofTCMdoctors.TheBestThingfollowsShenXifan,ahotelmanagersufferingfromfrequentheadachesandtroublesleeping.Inhersearchforacure,shemeetsMr.He,andtheirrelationshipdeepensthroughmedicalconsultations.ToplayagenuineTCMpractitioner,ZhangstudiedChinesemedicinewithpracticingphysicians,learningtraditionaldiagnostic(診斷的)andtreatmentmethods.ThisprocesshelpedhimgainadeeperappreciationforTCM’sintegratedphilosophy,whichemphasizestheinterconnectednessofthebody,mind,andenvironment,viewinghealthasabalancebetweentheseelements.ThedramacreativelyintegratesTCMknowledgebynamingeachepisodeafteratypeofChineseherbalmedicine,connectingTCM’shealingmethodstothestoryline.Forexample,inoneepisode,Mr.Heperforms“wetcupping”totreatabreathingemergency,showcasingTCM’sroleincriticalcare.Thedramaparticularlyappealstoyoungerviewers.WiththegrowingintegrationofTCMandWesternmedicine,aswellasexpandinginternationalexchanges,TCMpractitionersandstudentsnowhavemorediversecareeropportunities.Forinstance,acupuncture(針灸)isnowcoveredinhealthinsuranceplansinmanycountries.ZhangLinghebelievesthatpassionisthedrivingforcebehindasuccessfulcareer-justlikehischaracter,He,whoremainscommittedtohispathinTCMdespitenumerouschallenges,includinginitialoppositionfromhisfather.ZhanghopestointroduceTCMtoaglobalaudience,especiallyyoungergenerations,throughthedrama’sreleaseoninternationalplatforms.4.WhatdoweknowaboutHeSuye?A.HechallengestheprinciplesofTCM.B.HeisanactorstarringinTheBestThing.C.HepresentsamodernimageofaTCMdoctor.D.HehasthesamehobbiesasotherTCMdoctors.5.WhydidZhangLinghelearnTCMtechniques?A.Topreparefortherole.B.Totreathisownillnesses.C.Tobecomeapracticingphysician.D.ToappreciateTCM’sphilosophy.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningacupuncture?A.Toexplainthediversechangesinfuturecareers.B.TodemonstrateTCM’sinternationalrecognition.C.Toshowthedrama’spopularityamongyoungerviewers.D.ToemphasizeTCM’sadvantagesoverWesternmedicine.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ATraditionalApproachtoTCMB.ANewVisionforTCM’sFutureC.ExploringtheAncientRootsofTCMD.RedefiningTCMforaGlobalAudience【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了電視劇《最好的相遇》通過(guò)年輕中醫(yī)形象，向全球推廣現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)文化?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,HeSuye,ayoungandtalentedphysicianinthelatestmedical-romancedramaTheBestThing,challengesthattraditionalimage.Playedbythe27-year-oldactorZhangLinghe,Mr.HeisaprofessionalTCMspecialistwithagentlepersonality,butoutsideofwork.heenjoyshobbieslikeskateboardingandmalatang,atypeofhotpot,reshapingcommonviewsofTCMdoctors.(然而，在最新的醫(yī)療愛情劇《最好的相遇》中，年輕而有才華的醫(yī)生何素野挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)形象。何先生由27歲的演員張令河飾演，是一名性格溫和的專業(yè)中醫(yī)，但在工作之外。他喜歡滑板和麻辣燙（一種火鍋），這改變了人們對(duì)中醫(yī)的普遍看法)”可知，HeSuye打破傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)刻板印象，展現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代形象。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ToplayagenuineTCMpractitioner,ZhangstudiedChinesemedicinewithpracticingphysicians,learningtraditionaldiagnostic(診斷的)andtreatmentmethods.(為了扮演一名真正的中醫(yī)，張向執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)，學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)的診斷和治療方法)”可知，Zhang學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)技術(shù)是為了扮演一名真正的中醫(yī)，即為這個(gè)角色做準(zhǔn)備。故選A。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“WiththegrowingintegrationofTCMandWesternmedicine,aswellasexpandinginternationalexchanges,TCMpractitionersandstudentsnowhavemorediversecareeropportunities.Forinstance,acupuncture(針灸)isnowcoveredinhealthinsuranceplansinmanycountries.(隨著中西醫(yī)結(jié)合的不斷發(fā)展，以及國(guó)際交流的不斷擴(kuò)大，中醫(yī)從業(yè)者和學(xué)生現(xiàn)在有了更多樣化的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。例如，針灸現(xiàn)在被納入許多國(guó)家的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃)”可推知，作者提及針灸被多國(guó)醫(yī)保覆蓋，說(shuō)明中醫(yī)在國(guó)際上得到認(rèn)可，即展示中醫(yī)藥的國(guó)際認(rèn)可度。故選B。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“However,HeSuye,ayoungandtalentedphysicianinthelatestmedical-romancedramaTheBestThing,challengesthattraditionalimage.Playedbythe27-year-oldactorZhangLinghe,Mr.HeisaprofessionalTCMspecialistwithagentlepersonality,butoutsideofwork.heenjoyshobbieslikeskateboardingandmalatang,atypeofhotpot,reshapingcommonviewsofTCMdoctors.(然而，在最新的醫(yī)療愛情劇《最好的相遇》中，年輕而有才華的醫(yī)生何素野挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)形象。何先生由27歲的演員張令河飾演，是一名性格溫和的專業(yè)中醫(yī)，但在工作之外。他喜歡滑板和麻辣燙（一種火鍋），這改變了人們對(duì)中醫(yī)的普遍看法)”及最后一段“ZhanghopestointroduceTCMtoaglobalaudience,especiallyyoungergenerations,throughthedrama’sreleaseoninternationalplatforms.(張希望通過(guò)這部劇在國(guó)際平臺(tái)上的上映，將中醫(yī)介紹給全球觀眾，尤其是年輕一代)”可知，本文主要介紹了電視劇《最好的相遇》，這部電視劇通過(guò)年輕中醫(yī)形象，向全球推廣現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)文化，即年輕中醫(yī)形象為全球受眾重新定義中醫(yī)，并向全球推廣。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“RedefiningTCMforaGlobalAudience(為全球觀眾重新定義中醫(yī))”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選D。CBeneaththesurfaceoftheearthliesalively,invisibleecosystemfulloflife,oftenreferredtoasthe“l(fā)ivingskin”oftheearth.Itisahiddenworldwherecountlessorganisms(生物體)interactincomplexways,drivingessentialprocessesthatenablelifetosurvive.Theyaretheunsungheroesofnutrientcycling,soilstability,andevenclimatebalance.Organismsinthesoilarebothcopiousanddiverse.Theyrangeinsizefromtheone-celledbacteria,tothemorecomplextinybugs,andtothelargerorganismssuchasinsectsandplants.Soilmicrobes(微生物)aretoosmalltobeseenwiththeunaidedeye.Bacteriaarethemostplentifulmicrobesinsoil,withapopulationof1010-1011individualsand6,000-50,000speciespergramofsoilandabiomassof40-500gramspersquaremetre.Ifwearetounderstandthefunctionsofsoilmicrobesandtheimpactofmanagementpracticesonsoilquality,weneedtoanalyzemicrobialcommunitycompositionbeyondjustcountingindividuals.Traditionalmethodsofstudyingmicrobesoftenrelyonculturingtechniques,whichhavesignificantlimitationsastheycanonlydetectasmallpartofthemicrobialcommunity.Advancedgenetic(基因的)techniques,suchasDNAsequencingandPCR,however,enablethedetectionandcategorizationofpreviouslyunculturablemicrobes.Thesemethodsenhanceourabilitytoidentifyshiftsinmicrobialcommunities,providingcriticalinsightsintosoilhealthandfunctionaldynamics.Soilmicrobesplaybothbeneficialandharmfulrolesascontributorstosoilenvironmentalproblemssuchasclimatechangeandgroundwaterpollution.Thephysicalchemical,andbiologicalsoilcharacteristicsandtheirinteractionswiththeresidentcommunityofsoilmicrobeshaveasignificantimpactonthegrowthandactivityofthesemicrobes.Asourunderstandingofthesecomplexrelationshipsdevelops,weshouldbeabletodevelopsoilmanagementpracticesthataresustainableandcanleadtopreservationandimprovementofsoilquality.8.Whatdoesthe“l(fā)ivingskin”oftheearthmainlydo?A.Sustainlifeontheearth. B.Controlmicrobialpopulation.C.Protectthesurfaceoftheearth. D.Monitorchangesintheecosystem.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“copious”inparagraph2mean?A.Small. B.Active. C.Invisible. D.Plentiful.10.Whyaremoderngenetictechniquesusedinstudyingmicrobes?A.Toidentifydiversemicrobes. B.Tosimplifymicrobialcounting.C.Tohelpculturemoremicrobes. D.Tominimizemicrobialimpactonsoil.11.Whatcanhelpustoimprovesoilmanagementpractices?A.Removingharmfulmicrobes.B.Distinguishingsoilcharacteristics.C.Understandingsoil-microbeinteractions.D.Strengtheningrelationshipsamongmicrobes.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要揭示了土壤微生物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要功能與研究進(jìn)展?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Beneaththesurfaceoftheearthliesalively,invisibleecosystemfulloflife,oftenreferredtoasthe“l(fā)ivingskin”oftheearth.Itisahiddenworldwherecountlessorganisms(生物體)interactincomplexways,drivingessentialprocessesthatenablelifetosurvive.Theyaretheunsungheroesofnutrientcycling,soilstability,andevenclimatebalance.(在地球表面之下是一個(gè)充滿生機(jī)的、看不見的、充滿生命的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，通常被稱為地球的“活皮膚”。這是一個(gè)隱秘的世界，無(wú)數(shù)生物以復(fù)雜的方式相互作用，推動(dòng)著生命得以生存的基本過(guò)程。它們是養(yǎng)分循環(huán)、土壤穩(wěn)定甚至氣候平衡的無(wú)名英雄)”可知，地球的“活皮膚”主要作用是維持地球上的生命。故選A?！?題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Bacteriaarethemostplentifulmicrobesinsoil,withapopulationof1010-1011individualsand6,000-50,000speciespergramofsoilandabiomassof40-500gramspersquaremetre.(細(xì)菌是土壤中最豐富的微生物，每克土壤中有10個(gè)10至10個(gè)11個(gè)體，6000至50000種，每平方米的生物量為40至500克)”可知，土壤中微生物數(shù)量眾多，可推測(cè)劃線詞copious與選項(xiàng)D意思相近，意為“大量的，豐富的”。故選D。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Advancedgenetic(基因的)techniques,suchasDNAsequencingandPCR,however,enablethedetectionandcategorizationofpreviouslyunculturablemicrobes.Thesemethodsenhanceourabilitytoidentifyshiftsinmicrobialcommunities,providingcriticalinsightsintosoilhealthandfunctionaldynamics.(然而，先進(jìn)的遺傳技術(shù)，如DNA測(cè)序和PCR，可以檢測(cè)和分類以前不可培養(yǎng)的微生物。這些方法增強(qiáng)了我們識(shí)別微生物群落變化的能力，為土壤健康和功能動(dòng)態(tài)提供了重要的見解)”可知，使用現(xiàn)代基因技術(shù)研究微生物是為了識(shí)別多樣的微生物。故選A。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thephysicalchemical,andbiologicalsoilcharacteristicsandtheirinteractionswiththeresidentcommunityofsoilmicrobeshaveasignificantimpactonthegrowthandactivityofthesemicrobes.Asourunderstandingofthesecomplexrelationshipsdevelops,weshouldbeabletodevelopsoilmanagementpracticesthataresustainableandcanleadtopreservationandimprovementofsoilquality.(土壤的物理、化學(xué)和生物特性及其與土壤微生物常駐群落的相互作用對(duì)土壤微生物的生長(zhǎng)和活性有重要影響。隨著我們對(duì)這些復(fù)雜關(guān)系的理解的發(fā)展，我們應(yīng)該能夠開發(fā)可持續(xù)的土壤管理實(shí)踐，并能導(dǎo)致土壤質(zhì)量的保護(hù)和改善)”可知，了解土壤與微生物的相互作用可以幫助我們改進(jìn)土壤管理實(shí)踐。故選C。DThe18thcenturyGermanphilosopherImmanuelKantlivedveryfirmlyinaworldoftime.HewassostrictaboutroutinethathisfellowcitizensofKocnigsbergcouldsettheirwatchesbyhisafternoonwalk.However,inhisphilosophicalwork,Kantwasdoubtfulabouttime.Hebelievedtimeiscreatedbythehumanmind.Outtherebeyondourminds,thereisnotime.It’ssimplya“category”ofourmindsthathelpsustoperceiveobjectsandorderourexperience.Theflexibilityofourtimeperception(感知)supportsKant’sdoubt.Weallknowtimeisnotafixedphenomenonbutseemstopassatdifferentspeedsindifferentsituations.Forexample,itseemstogoslowlywhenwetraveltounfamiliarplaces,orwhenweareboredorinpain.Itseemstospeedupwhenwe’reabsorbed,suchaswhenweplaymusicorpaint.Ourperceptionoftimecanchangeinadramaticway.Perhaps,atleastonceinyourlife,you’vehadwhatiscalleda“TimeExpansionExperience(TEE),”whensecondshavestretchedoutintominutes.TEEshappenmostfrequentlyinaccidentswhereperceptionbecomesmoreintensethannormalandthuspeoplenoticemoredetails.Inaccidentsituations,peopleareoftensurprisedbytheamountoftimetheyhavetothinkandact.Infact,manypeopleareconvincedthattimeexpansionsparedthemfromtheirseriousinjury,orevendeath.Forexample,awomanwhoreportedaTEEinwhichsheavoidedametalbarrierfallingontohercarsaid,“Formetheslowingdownofthemomentallowedmetodecidehowtoescapethefallingmetalonus.”AllofthissuggeststhatKantwasright.Perhapsthereasonwhytimeisvariableisbecauseitdoesn’treallyexist—atleast,outsideourminds.Thereisnoobjectivetimeoutthereintheuniverse.Whatweexperienceastimeisfiltered(過(guò)濾)throughourminds,andsovariesaccordingtoourstateofmind.12.WhichofthefollowingwouldImmanuelKantapproveof?A.Timeisabasicqualityoftheworld.B.Timeisarecordofhumanexperience.C.Timeisasituationmeasuredbydailyroutine.D.Timeisamentalconceptgeneratedbyhumans.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Timeprogressesataconstantspeed.B.Fullattentionaffectspeople’ssenseoftime.C.Timeperceptionvariesdependingoncontext.D.Peoplefeeltimeslowsdownonspecialoccasions.14.WhatdopeoplethinkofTEEsinaccidents?A.Inspiring. B.Beneficial. C.Temporary. D.Painful.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSecretofTime:AStateofMindB.TimeExpansion:RealorImaginary?C.TimePerception:APhilosophicalExplorationD.TheClockworkoftheMind:HowtoMeasureTime?【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了康德的時(shí)間主觀性理論及人類時(shí)間感知的彈性現(xiàn)象。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hebelievedtimeiscreatedbythehumanmind.Outtherebeyondourminds,thereisnotime.It’ssimplya“category”ofourmindsthathelpsustoperceiveobjectsandorderourexperience.(他相信時(shí)間是由人類的思想創(chuàng)造的。在我們的意識(shí)之外，沒(méi)有時(shí)間。它只是我們思維的一個(gè)“范疇”，幫助我們感知物體并安排我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，康德會(huì)認(rèn)可“時(shí)間是人類產(chǎn)生的一種精神概念”這一觀點(diǎn)。故選D。【13題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theflexibilityofourtimeperception(感知)supportsKant’sdoubt.Weallknowtimeisnotafixedphenomenonbutseemstopassatdifferentspeedsindifferentsituations.Forexample,itseemstogoslowlywhenwetraveltounfamiliarplaces,orwhenweareboredorinpain.Itseemstospeedupwhenwe’reabsorbed,suchaswhenweplaymusicorpaint.(我們對(duì)時(shí)間感知的靈活性支持了康德的懷疑。我們都知道時(shí)間不是一個(gè)固定的現(xiàn)象，在不同的情況下似乎以不同的速度流逝。例如，當(dāng)我們?nèi)ゲ皇煜さ牡胤铰眯袝r(shí)，或者當(dāng)我們感到無(wú)聊或痛苦時(shí)，它似乎走得很慢。當(dāng)我們?nèi)褙炞⒌臅r(shí)候，比如當(dāng)我們玩音樂(lè)或畫畫的時(shí)候，它似乎會(huì)加速)”可知，該段主要講時(shí)間感知因情境而異。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Inaccidentsituations,peopleareoftensurprisedbytheamountoftimetheyhavetothinkandact.Infact,manypeopleareconvincedthattimeexpansionsparedthemfromtheirseriousinjury,orevendeath.Forexample,awomanwhoreportedaTEEinwhichsheavoidedametalbarrierfallingontohercarsaid, “Formetheslowingdownofthemomentallowedmetodecidehowtoescapethefallingmetalonus.”(在發(fā)生事故的情況下，人們常常會(huì)驚訝于他們必須思考和行動(dòng)的時(shí)間。事實(shí)上，許多人相信時(shí)間膨脹使他們免于重傷，甚至死亡。例如，一位女士報(bào)告說(shuō)，她在時(shí)間膨脹中避開了掉到她車上的金屬障礙物，她說(shuō)：“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，減速的那一刻讓我決定如何逃離落在我們身上的金屬)”可知，人們認(rèn)為在事故中的時(shí)間膨脹體驗(yàn)是有益的。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段“Whatweexperienceastimeisfiltered(過(guò)濾)throughourminds,andsovariesaccordingtoourstateofmind.(隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我們所經(jīng)歷的一切都被我們的思維過(guò)濾了，因此隨著我們的精神狀態(tài)而變化)”可知，文章開篇介紹康德認(rèn)為時(shí)間是由人類思維創(chuàng)造的，接著通過(guò)講述時(shí)間感知的靈活性以及時(shí)間膨脹體驗(yàn)等內(nèi)容，說(shuō)明了時(shí)間是因我們的精神狀態(tài)而變化的，所以選項(xiàng)A“時(shí)間的秘密：一種精神狀態(tài)”能很好地概括文章主旨。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inmodernsociety,gettingalongwithothersislikeadelicatedancethatrequiresskill,patience,andsincerity.Harmoniousrelationshipsnotonlybringinnerpeacebutalsohelpbuildasocietyfullofloveandunderstanding.So,howcanwegetalongwellwithothers?Respectisthefoundationofharmoniousrelationships.____16____Learningtorespectothers’differencesandavoidingconflictscausedbyprejudiceormisunderstandingarekey.Asanoldsayinggoes,“Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”Whenwerespectothers,wealsogaintheirrespect.____17____Manytimes,misunderstandingsandconflictsarisefrompoorcommunication.Learningtolistentoothers’thoughtsandfeelingsandexpressingyourownviewsinacarefulmannerareimportant.Byunderstandingothers’positionswithanopenmindandexpressingyourneedsgently,youcanavoidunnecessaryargumentsandenhancemutualunderstanding.Toleranceisthelubricant(潤(rùn)滑劑)ofharmoniousrelationships.Nobodyisperfect.Everyonehasflawsandshortcomings.Whenweencounterothers’mistakes,weshouldnotrushtoblamebutratherviewthemwithatolerantmindset.Toleranceisnotindulgence(縱容)butaformofunderstandingandacceptance.____18____Sincerityisthecoreofharmoniousrelationships.Besincerewithothers,avoidbeingfakeorpretentious,andtreateveryonewithatrueheart.____19____Onlywhenwetreatotherswithsinceritycanweachievetrueharmonyandbeauty.Gettingalongwellwithothersisanartthatrequirescontinuouslearningandpracticeinlife.Throughrespect,communication,tolerance,andsincerity,wecanbuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.____20____A.Itcanmakerelationshipsfriendlier.B.Weshouldtreatothersliketheytreatus.C.Communicationmaycausealotofproblems.D.Communicationisthebridgetoresolvingconflicts.E.Everyonehastheirownpersonality,values,andwaysoflife.F.Goodfaithcanbringpeoplecloserandbuilddeeptrustandfriendship.G.Besides,wecancreateamoreharmoniousandbeautifulworldtogether.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.F20.G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要闡述了構(gòu)建和諧人際關(guān)系的四大關(guān)鍵要素：尊重差異、有效溝通、寬容待人和真誠(chéng)相待。【16題詳析】前文“Respectisthefoundationofharmoniousrelationships.(尊重是和諧關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ))”總的指出尊重的重要性，后文“Learningtorespectothers’differencesandavoidingconflictscausedbyprejudiceormisunderstandingarekey.(學(xué)會(huì)尊重他人的差異，避免因偏見或誤解而引起的沖突是關(guān)鍵)”建議尊重他人的差異，因此E項(xiàng)“Everyonehastheirownpersonality,values,andwaysoflife(每個(gè)人都有自己的個(gè)性、價(jià)值觀和生活方式)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明為何需要尊重他人，承前啟后。故選E?！?7題詳析】空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容，后文“Manytimes,misunderstandingsandconflictsarisefrompoorcommunication.Learningtolistentoothers’thoughtsandfeelingsandexpressingyourownviewsinacarefulmannerareimportant.(很多時(shí)候，誤解和沖突是由于溝通不暢而產(chǎn)生的。學(xué)會(huì)傾聽別人的想法和感受，謹(jǐn)慎地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)是很重要的)”主要指出溝通不暢導(dǎo)致的后果，并強(qiáng)調(diào)傾聽和表達(dá)的重要性，因此D項(xiàng)“Communicationisthebridgetoresolvingconflicts(溝通是解決沖突的橋梁)”符合語(yǔ)境，概括該段主旨，引出后文，其中的Communication在后文有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D?！?8題詳析】前文“Toleranceisnotindulgence(縱容)butaformofunderstandingandacceptance.(寬容不是放縱，而是一種理解和接受)”點(diǎn)明寬容的本質(zhì)，因此A項(xiàng)“Itcanmakerelationshipsfriendlier(它能讓關(guān)系更友好)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明寬容的作用，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的Tolerance。故選A?！?9題詳析】前文“Besincerewithothers,avoidbeingfakeorpretentious,andtreateveryonewithatrueheart.(對(duì)人要真誠(chéng)，不做作，用一顆真誠(chéng)的心對(duì)待每一個(gè)人)”建議真誠(chéng)待人，因此F項(xiàng)“Goodfaithcanbringpeoplecloserandbuilddeeptrustandfriendship(真誠(chéng)能拉近人與人之間的距離，建立深厚的信任與友誼)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明真誠(chéng)待人的積極影響，承接前文。故選F?！?0題詳析】前文“Throughrespect,communication,tolerance,andsincerity,wecanbuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.(通過(guò)尊重、溝通、寬容和真誠(chéng)，我們可以與他人建立良好的關(guān)系)”指出尊重、溝通、寬容和真誠(chéng)對(duì)建立良好的關(guān)系的作用，因此G項(xiàng)“Besides,wecancreateamoreharmoniousandbeautifulworldtogether(此外，我們可以共同創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更和諧美好的世界)”符合語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明這對(duì)構(gòu)建和諧世界的作用，承接前文。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（每小題1分，滿分15分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIfirststartedasahospice(臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院)volunteer,oneofmytaskswastoassistthefamiliesofpatientsinfillingoutlifereviewforms.Theseformswereusedbyhospicecaregiversto___21___moreabouttheirpatients.Somequestionsontheform___22___meofascrapbook(粘貼簿)Iwasworkingon.“Whynotmakescrapbooksforthepatients?”The___23___cametomymind.Mysupervisor___24___myproposal.TalkingtoapatientnamedEdith,I___25___thatnoteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementos(紀(jì)念物)to___26___ascrapbook.Edith,whohadnevermarriedorhadchildren,wasonceadancer.So,todisplaythe___27___ofherlife,Idecidedtomakeapostertohanginherroom___28___.Edith’s___29___uponseeingtheposterletusknowweweredoingsomething____30____.WecalledthisposterprojectChart-a-Life.Theseposters,withphotosanddetailsaboutpatients’careers,interests,familiesandfriends,are____31____justdecorative.Theyhelpcaregiversseepatientsasindividuals,andalsoprovidegood____32____forvisitorstocommunicatewiththepatients.Thisprojectsoonbecameextremely____33____.OtherfacilitiesinthearealearnedaboutCharta-Lifeandwereinspiredtocreatesomething____34____.Onenursinghomestartedmakingpersonalizedplacemats.Whateverformittakes,Ithinkit’sagreatwayto____35____aperson’slife.21.A.care B.learn C.worry D.talk22.A.warned B.informed C.reminded D.convinced23.A.idea B.plan C.question D.advice24.A.refused B.approved C.doubted D.considered25.A.discovered B.showed C.explained D.recorded26.A.shape B.construct C.launch D.fill27.A.highlights B.adventures C.suffering D.loneliness28.A.otherwise B.instead C.equally D.unexpectedly29.A.anger B.sorrow C.sympathy D.smile30.A.informal B.powerful C.ordinary D.right31.A.morethan B.ratherthan C.lessthan D.otherthan32.A.scrapbooks B.approaches C.topics D.hospitals33.A.complex B.different C.popular D.strange34.A.reasonable B.similar C.familiar D.important35.A.defend B.drive C.spend D.celebrate【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.B25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.D31.A32.C33.C34.B35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為臨終關(guān)懷志愿者創(chuàng)建Chart-a-Life項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些表格被臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)理人員用來(lái)更多地了解他們的病人。A.care關(guān)心；B.learn了解；C.worry擔(dān)心；D.talk談?wù)?。根?jù)上文“assistthefamiliesofpatientsinfillingoutlifereviewforms”和下文“moreabouttheirpatients”可知，這些表格是用來(lái)幫助護(hù)理人員更多地了解病人的情況。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：表格上的一些問(wèn)題讓我想起了我正在制作的一本剪貼簿。A.warned警告；B.informed通知；C.reminded提醒，使想起；D.convinced使確信。根據(jù)下文“meofascrapbook(粘貼簿)Iwasworkingon.Whynotmakescrapbooksforthepatients?”可知，表格上的問(wèn)題讓作者想起了自己正在制作的剪貼簿，從而產(chǎn)生了為病人制作剪貼簿的想法。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“為什么不為病人制作剪貼簿呢？”這個(gè)想法出現(xiàn)在我的腦海中。A.idea想法；B.plan計(jì)劃；C.question問(wèn)題；D.advice建議。根據(jù)上文“Whynotmakescrapbooksforthepatients?”可知，這是作者突然想到的一個(gè)想法。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的主管批準(zhǔn)了我的提議。A.refused拒絕；B.approved批準(zhǔn)；C.doubted懷疑；D.considered考慮。根據(jù)下文“TalkingtoapatientnamedEdith,Ithatnoteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementos(紀(jì)念物)toascrapbook.”可知，作者開始為病人制作剪貼簿可知，主管批準(zhǔn)了作者的提議。故選B。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：與一位名叫伊迪絲的病人交談時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是每個(gè)人都有足夠的照片和紀(jì)念品來(lái)填滿剪貼簿。A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.showed展示；C.explained解釋；D.recorded記錄。根據(jù)下文“noteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementos”可知，這是作者在和伊迪絲交談時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.shape塑造；B.construct建造，制作；C.launch發(fā)起；D.fill填滿。根據(jù)上文“enoughphotosandmementos”可知，這里指沒(méi)有足夠的東西來(lái)填滿剪貼簿。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，為了展示她生活的亮點(diǎn)，我決定制作一張海報(bào)掛在她的房間里。A.highlights亮點(diǎn)；B.adventures冒險(xiǎn)；C.suffering痛苦；D.loneliness孤獨(dú)。根據(jù)上文“Edith,whohadnevermarriedorhadchildren,wasonceadancer.”可知，伊迪絲曾經(jīng)是一名舞者，這是她生活中的亮點(diǎn)，所以作者決定制作一張海報(bào)來(lái)展示她生活的亮點(diǎn)。故選A。【28題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.otherwise否則；B.instead代替，反而；C.equally同樣地；D.unexpectedly出乎意料地。根據(jù)上文“noteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementosto6ascrapbook”和“Idecidedtomakeapostertohanginherroom”可知，由于伊迪絲沒(méi)有足夠的照片和紀(jì)念品來(lái)制作剪貼簿，所以作者決定制作一張海報(bào)來(lái)代替剪貼簿。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：伊迪絲看到海報(bào)后的笑容讓我們知道我們做對(duì)了。A.anger憤怒；B.sorrow悲傷；C.sympathy同情；D.smile微笑。根據(jù)下文“uponseeingtheposterletusknowweweredoingsomething”可知，伊迪絲看到海報(bào)后露出了笑容，這表明作者他們做對(duì)了。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.informal非正式的；B.powerful強(qiáng)大的；C.ordinary普通的；D.right正確的。根據(jù)上文“Edith’suponseeingtheposter”和下文“WecalledthisposterprojectChart-a-Life”可知，把這個(gè)海報(bào)項(xiàng)目命名為“描繪人生”，以及伊迪絲的反應(yīng)，表明作者他們做的事情是正確的。故選D。【31題詳析】考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這些海報(bào)上有病人的職業(yè)、興趣、家人和朋友的照片和詳細(xì)信息，它們不僅僅是裝飾品。A.morethan多于，不僅僅；B.ratherthan而不是；C.lessthan少于；D.otherthan除了。根據(jù)下文“Theyhelpcaregiversseepatientsasindividuals”可知，這些海報(bào)不僅僅是裝