高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省高品質(zhì)高中2025屆高三下學(xué)期5月調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATahiLodgeAboutOnlyaone-hourscenicdrivenorthfromAucklandtothebeautifulMatakanaCoastWineCountryRegionanditspicturesqueruralsetting—TahiLodgeissituatedatSnellsBeachclosetomanyactivitiesandattractions.AtTahiLodgeyouwillbegreetedwithstunningcoastalviewsandawarmwelcomefromyourhosts—Lauren&WarrenKitchin.TahiLodgeisidealforrelaxingshortbreaks,holidayswithfamilyandfriendsorcelebratingspecialoccasionssuchasbirthdays,weddingsoranniversaries.Thepropertycanhostuptoatotalofsixguestspluskids.TheKawauApartmentcanhost4guests.TheMatakanaSuitecanhost2adultguests.Bothhaveprivateentrances.Thepropertyisserviceddailyandcleanedonguestdepartureaspartofthedailyroomrate.PriceOurpriceisbasedondoubleoccupancyandincludesbreakfastsupplies.FortheKawauApartmentwecanaccommodateupto2extraadultorchildguestsatacostofNZD$35.00pernight,perperson.KawauApartmentNZD$309MatakanaSuiteNZD$299DirectionsTakeStateHighwaytoWarkworth,thentravelslowlyforapproximately2kmdownRangimaarieCrescenttothefirstrightbend.Ourpropertyisaccessedviaashareddrivewayontheinsiderightofthebend.Pleasedon’tgointo,orturnyourvehicleinthedrivewayareaofthehouseontherightoftheshareddriveway.Thisisourneighbour’sprivateproperty.Onsiteparkingislimitedtoguestsonly.1.WhatdoweknowaboutTahiLodge?A.Itchargesforbreakfast. B.Ithasrecreationalfacilities.C.Itisinconvenientlysituated. D.Itissuitableforsmallgatherings.2.What’sthechargeforafamilyofthreewhostayinKawauApartmentfortwonights?A.NZD$618. B.NZD$653.C.NZD$688. D.NZD$758.3.Whatareself-drivingguestsadvisedtodo?A.Parkattheproperplace. B.Leavethecaratthebend.C.Sharetheneighbor’sparkinglot. D.Dropthepassengersoffbeforeparking.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了TahiLodge這一旅游住宿地點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息，包括其地理位置、周邊環(huán)境、住宿設(shè)施、容納人數(shù)、價(jià)格以及到達(dá)方式等，旨在吸引潛在游客前來(lái)預(yù)訂和入住?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章About部分中的“TahiLodgeisidealforrelaxingshortbreaks,holidayswithfamilyandfriendsorcelebratingspecialoccasionssuchasbirthdays,weddingsoranniversaries.(塔希旅舍非常適合輕松的短途度假、與家人朋友的假期聚會(huì)，或慶祝生日、婚禮、周年紀(jì)念等特殊場(chǎng)合)”可知，塔希旅舍適合家庭朋友聚會(huì)及特殊場(chǎng)合慶祝。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Price部分中的“FortheKawauApartmentwecanaccommodateupto2extraadultorchildguestsatacostofNZD$35.00pernight,perperson.(卡瓦烏公寓最多可額外容納2名成人或兒童，費(fèi)用為每人每晚35新西蘭元)”以及“KawauApartmentNZD$309(卡瓦烏公寓：309新西蘭元)”可知，卡瓦烏公寓基礎(chǔ)價(jià)格為NZD$309/晚（雙人入住，含早餐）。家庭共3人，兩個(gè)成年人和一個(gè)兒童，需額外支付一人費(fèi)用，即35新西蘭元。因此總費(fèi)用為：（基礎(chǔ)價(jià)格+額外費(fèi)用）×入住天數(shù)=（309+35）×2=344×2=NZD$688。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Directions部分中的“Pleasedon’tgointo,orturnyourvehicleinthedrivewayareaofthehouseontherightoftheshareddriveway.Thisisourneighbour’sprivateproperty.Onsiteparkingislimitedtoguestsonly.(請(qǐng)不要進(jìn)入或在共用車道右側(cè)房屋的driveway區(qū)域內(nèi)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)車輛——那是鄰居的私人財(cái)產(chǎn)?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)停車位僅限住客使用)”可知，自駕住客需在指定的住客停車位停車，避免占用鄰居區(qū)域。故選A。BAt63,ThomasCartersteppedintoFramlandcarehomeforthefirsttimeandwasimmediatelytakenaback.“Itwasn’tlikeacarehomeatall;itwasthisbeautifuloldhouseoverlookingtheOxfordshirecountrysideandtherewereonly21residents,”shesays.“Itfeltlikeabigfamily,especiallysinceeveryonecallstheresidents‘familymembers’.Ifittedinrightaway.”Carterusedtoworkasapharmacydispenser(發(fā)藥師)atBootsinOxford.“Itwasasafeplaceforme,somewhereIcouldbefacetofacewithcustomersandhelpthem,”shesays.Butwhenitemergedthatthejobwasabouttochange,Carterdecidedtoretire.“IthoughtIwouldstarttospendtimewanderingaroundthegarden,butafterafewweekswithoutworkIbegantofeellikeInevershouldhaveleft,”shesays.HerformercolleaguessuggestedthatshetakeupavolunteeringroleatFramland.“I’dneverdoneanycaringbeyondlookingaftermyparents,soIhadnoideawhattoexpect,”shesays.“Still,Ithoughtitcouldn’thurttotry.Ishoweduponthatfirstdayin2017toshadowamoreexperiencedvolunteerandsixhourswentinsixminutes.Everyonewassowelcominganditwasexcitingnotknowingwhatmighthappenfromonehourtothenext.”Now,Carterisanestablishedmemberoftheteamandaspecialist“Hummingbird”—thenamegiventomembersofstaffwhokeepresidentswithdementia(癡呆癥)company.“Weflit(快步走)frompersontopersonlikethebird,”shesays.“Youhavetobeverypatientwithpeoplewhohavedementia,asthereisalotofrepetitionandtheycanbeannoying.Attheirworst,theycancomeoutwithsomeunexpectedthings,likeswearing(咒罵)atyou,butinthatcaseit’snotreallythemtalking.Atothertimes,it’ssobeautifulhearingthemtelltheirlifestories.”Cartersaysherworkhasgivenheranappreciationoftheprivilegeofageingandadeeperabilitytounderstandothers.“Ineverjudgeabookbyitscovernow,asyouhavenoideawhatpeoplehavebeenthroughorhowtheymightfeel,”shesays.4.WhatimpressedCartermostonherfirstvisittothecarehome?A.Itsthoughtfulservice. B.Itscozyatmosphere.C.Itsharmonywithnature. D.Itsintegrationintomodernity.5.WhydidCartertakeupvolunteeringatFramland?A.Shehadsimilarexperiences. B.Sheneededasenseofpurpose.C.Sheappreciatedherpreviousjob. D.Shewascuriousaboutitsresidents’lives.6.Whatisparagraph4ofthetextintendedtoreveal?A.Howdementiapatientsbehave. B.How“Hummingbird”gotitsname.C.WhatCarterdoesatFramlandroutinely. D.WhatisrequiredofCarterasa“Hummingbird”.7.HowdoesCarterbenefitfromhervolunteeringexperience?A.Shegetsmoresympathetic. B.Shetendstobelessjudgmental.C.Shehasenhancedherperception. D.Shehasmoresocialresponsibility.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了ThomasCarter在退休后成為Framland養(yǎng)老院的一名志愿者的經(jīng)歷和感受。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Itwasn’tlikeacarehomeatall;itwasthisbeautifuloldhouseoverlookingtheOxfordshirecountrysideandtherewereonly21residents.Itfeltlikeabigfamily,especiallysinceeveryonecallstheresidents‘familymembers’.Ifittedinrightaway.(這根本不像養(yǎng)老院；這是一座俯瞰牛津郡鄉(xiāng)村的漂亮老房子，只有21位居民。感覺(jué)就像一個(gè)大家庭，尤其是每個(gè)人都把居民稱為‘家庭成員’。我馬上就適應(yīng)了)”可推知，Carter第一次參觀養(yǎng)老院時(shí)，養(yǎng)老院溫馨的氛圍給她留下了最深刻的印象。故選B。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Butwhenitemergedthatthejobwasabouttochange,Carterdecidedtoretire.“IthoughtIwouldstarttospendtimewanderingaroundthegarden,butafterafewweekswithoutworkIbegantofeellikeInevershouldhaveleft,”shesays..(但當(dāng)?shù)弥@份工作即將發(fā)生變化時(shí)，Carter決定退休。她說(shuō)：“我以為我會(huì)開(kāi)始花時(shí)間在花園里漫步，但幾周沒(méi)有工作后，我開(kāi)始覺(jué)得我本不該離開(kāi)?！?”和第三段“HerformercolleaguessuggestedthatshetakeupavolunteeringroleatFramland.(她的前同事建議她在Framland做志愿者)”可知，Carter退休后本打算在花園里漫步，但幾周沒(méi)有工作后，她開(kāi)始覺(jué)得她本不該離開(kāi)，所以她的前同事建議她在Framland做志愿者。由此推知，Carter在Framland做志愿者是因?yàn)樗枰环N使命感。故選B。【6題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Now,Carterisanestablishedmemberoftheteamandaspecialist“Hummingbird”—thenamegiventomembersofstaffwhokeepresidentswithdementia(癡呆癥)company.“Weflit(快步走)frompersontopersonlikethebird,”shesays.“Youhavetobeverypatientwithpeoplewhohavedementia,asthereisalotofrepetitionandtheycanbeannoying.Attheirworst,theycancomeoutwithsomeunexpectedthings,likeswearing(咒罵)atyou,butinthatcaseit’snotreallythemtalking.Atothertimes,it’ssobeautifulhearingthemtelltheirlifestories.”(現(xiàn)在，Carter是團(tuán)隊(duì)中一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的成員，也是一名專業(yè)的“蜂鳥(niǎo)”——這是給陪伴癡呆癥患者的員工的名字。她說(shuō)：“我們像鳥(niǎo)兒一樣在人群中穿梭。你必須對(duì)患有癡呆癥的人非常有耐心，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)重復(fù)很多，而且可能會(huì)很煩人。在最糟糕的情況下，他們可能會(huì)說(shuō)出一些意想不到的話，比如罵你，但在那種情況下，并不是他們?cè)谡f(shuō)話。在其他時(shí)候，聽(tīng)到他們講述自己的人生故事是如此美好。”)”可知，第四段主要講述了作為“蜂鳥(niǎo)”，Carter需要具備什么條件。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Cartersaysherworkhasgivenheranappreciationoftheprivilegeofageingandadeeperabilitytounderstandothers.“Ineverjudgeabookbyitscovernow,asyouhavenoideawhatpeoplehavebeenthroughorhowtheymightfeel,”shesays.(Carter說(shuō)，她的工作讓她對(duì)衰老的特權(quán)有了更深的認(rèn)識(shí)，也讓她對(duì)他人有了更深的理解能力。“我現(xiàn)在再也不會(huì)以貌取人了，因?yàn)槟愀静恢绖e人經(jīng)歷了什么，也不知道他們的感受，”她說(shuō))”可推知，Carter從她的志愿者經(jīng)歷中變得更傾向于不那么武斷了。故選B。CArtificialintelligence(AI)toolscouldbeusedtomanipulate(操縱)onlineaudiencesintomakingdecisions—rangingfromwhattobuytowhotovotefor—accordingtoresearchersattheUniversityofCambridge.Thepaperhighlightsanemergingnewmarketplacefor“digitalsignalsofintent”—knownasthe“intentioneconomy”—whereAIassistantsunderstand,forecastandmanipulatehumanintentionsandsellthatinformationontocompanieswhocanprofitfromit.Theintentioneconomyservesasasuccessortotheattentioneconomy,wheresocialnetworkskeepusershookedontheirplatformsandservethemads.TheintentioneconomyinvolvesAI-savvytechcompaniessellingwhattheyknowaboutyourmotivations,fromplansforastayinahoteltoopinionsonapoliticalcandidate,tothehighestbidder(投標(biāo)者).Thestudyclaimsthatlargelanguagemodels(LLMs)willbeusedto“anticipateanddirect”usersbasedon“intentional,behaviouralandpsychologicaldata”.LLMswillbeabletoaccessattentioninreal-timeaswell,by,forinstance,askingifauserhasthoughtaboutseeingaparticularfilm—“haveyouthoughtaboutseeingSpider-Mantonight?”—aswellasmakingsuggestionsrelatingtofutureintentions,suchasasking:“Youmentionedfeelingoverworked,shallIbookyouthatmovieticketwe’dtalkedabout?”“Inanintentioneconomy,anLLMcould,atlowcost,takeadvantageofauser’spolitics,vocabulary,age,gender,andsoon,inconcertwithbrokered(有掮客的)bids,tomaximizethelikelihoodofachievingagivenaim,”thestudysuggests.Insuchaworld,anAImodelwouldmanipulateconversationsintheserviceofadvertisers,businessesandotherthirdparties.“Unlessregulated,theintentioneconomywillbeagoldrushforthosewhotarget,manipulateandsellhumanintentions.Weshouldstarttoconsiderthelikelyimpactsuchamarketplacewouldhaveonhumanambitions,includingfreeandfairelections,afreepressandfairmarketcompetition,beforewebecomevictimsofitsunintendedconsequences.”saidDr.JonniePenn,ahistorianoftechnologyatLCFI.8.Whatisafeatureoftheintentioneconomy?A.Sellerscompeteforbuyers’personalfiles.B.Buyers’motivationsaretreatedasanewcurrency.C.AITech-companieshelpwithbuyers’decision-making.D.Buyers’informationaresharedonsocialmediaplatforms.9.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraphs4and5ofthetext?A.KnowledgemechanismsinLLMs.B.TheroleofLLMsinmachinelearning.C.TheevolutionofLLMsandtheimpactontheusers.D.LLMs’potentialapplicationintheintentioneconomy.10.WhatisDr.JonniePenn’sattitudetowardstheintentioneconomy?A.Worried. B.Hesitant. C.Expectant. D.Dismissive.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheriseofLLMs:FromfundamentalstoapplicationB.ThefutureofAI:IntentdetectionintheageofLLMsC.LLMDevelopment:ThepoweroflargelanguagemodelsD.AI’snextfrontier:Sellingyourintentionsbeforeyouknowthem【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了人工智能工具如何被用來(lái)操縱在線用戶的意圖，形成“意圖經(jīng)濟(jì)”，并探討了其潛在影響及專家對(duì)此的擔(dān)憂?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thepaperhighlightsanemergingnewmarketplacefor“digitalsignalsofintent”—knownasthe“intentioneconomy”—whereAIassistantsunderstand,forecastandmanipulatehumanintentionsandsellthatinformationontocompanieswhocanprofitfromit.(這篇論文強(qiáng)調(diào)了一個(gè)新興的“意圖數(shù)字信號(hào)”市場(chǎng)——被稱為“意圖經(jīng)濟(jì)”——在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)上，人工智能助手理解、預(yù)測(cè)和操縱人類的意圖，并將這些信息出售給能夠從中獲利的公司。)”可知，用戶的動(dòng)機(jī)被作為商品出售，即“新貨幣”。故選B?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thestudyclaimsthatlargelanguagemodels(LLMs)willbeusedto“anticipateanddirect”usersbasedon“intentional,behaviouralandpsychologicaldata”.LLMswillbeabletoaccessattentioninreal-timeaswell,by,forinstance,askingifauserhasthoughtaboutseeingaparticularfilm—“haveyouthoughtaboutseeingSpider-Mantonight?”—aswellasmakingsuggestionsrelatingtofutureintentions,suchasasking:“Youmentionedfeelingoverworked,shallIbookyouthatmovieticketwe’dtalkedabout?”(該研究聲稱，大型語(yǔ)言模型（LLMs）將用于基于“意圖、行為和心理數(shù)據(jù)”來(lái)“預(yù)測(cè)和指導(dǎo)”用戶。LLMs還可以實(shí)時(shí)獲取用戶的注意力，例如，通過(guò)詢問(wèn)用戶是否想看一部特定的電影——“你想過(guò)今晚看蜘蛛俠嗎？”——以及對(duì)未來(lái)的打算提出建議，比如問(wèn)：“你提到過(guò)感覺(jué)工作過(guò)度，我要不要給你訂我們說(shuō)過(guò)的電影票？”)”以及第五段““Inanintentioneconomy,anLLMcould,atlowcost,takeadvantageofauser’spolitics,vocabulary,age,gender,andsoon,inconcertwithbrokered(有掮客的)bids,tomaximizethelikelihoodofachievingagivenaim,”thestudysuggests.Insuchaworld,anAImodelwouldmanipulateconversationsintheserviceofadvertisers,businessesandotherthirdparties.(研究表明：“在意向經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一個(gè)LLM可以以低成本利用用戶的政治、詞匯、年齡、性別等因素，與中介出價(jià)相結(jié)合，最大限度地提高實(shí)現(xiàn)既定目標(biāo)的可能性。”在這樣一個(gè)世界里，人工智能模型將操縱對(duì)話，為廣告商、企業(yè)和其他第三方服務(wù)。)”可知，文章第4段和第5段主要討論了LLMs在意向經(jīng)濟(jì)中的潛在應(yīng)用。故選D。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Unlessregulated,theintentioneconomywillbeagoldrushforthosewhotarget,manipulateandsellhumanintentions.Weshouldstarttoconsiderthelikelyimpactsuchamarketplacewouldhaveonhumanambitions,includingfreeandfairelections,afreepressandfairmarketcompetition,beforewebecomevictimsofitsunintendedconsequences.(除非受到監(jiān)管，否則意圖經(jīng)濟(jì)將成為那些瞄準(zhǔn)、操縱和出售人類意圖的人的淘金熱。在我們成為其意想不到的后果的受害者之前，我們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始考慮這樣一個(gè)市場(chǎng)可能對(duì)人類的抱負(fù)產(chǎn)生的影響，包括自由公正的選舉、新聞自由和公平的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。)”可知，JonniePenn博士對(duì)意向經(jīng)濟(jì)的態(tài)度是擔(dān)心。故選A?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thepaperhighlightsanemergingnewmarketplacefor“digitalsignalsofintent”—knownasthe“intentioneconomy”—whereAIassistantsunderstand,forecastandmanipulatehumanintentionsandsellthatinformationontocompanieswhocanprofitfromit.(這篇論文強(qiáng)調(diào)了一個(gè)新興的“意圖數(shù)字信號(hào)”市場(chǎng)——被稱為“意圖經(jīng)濟(jì)”——在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)上，人工智能助手理解、預(yù)測(cè)和操縱人類的意圖，并將這些信息出售給能夠從中獲利的公司。)”以及文章主要講述了人工智能工具如何被用來(lái)操縱在線用戶的意圖，形成“意圖經(jīng)濟(jì)”，并探討了其潛在影響及專家對(duì)此的擔(dān)憂?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)“人工智能的下一個(gè)前沿領(lǐng)域：在你了解自己的意圖之前就將其出售”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。DAsweage,wetendtobelessopentoencounterswithunknownindividuals,andlessinclined(傾向于)tobondwithpeoplewehavejustmet.Nowresearcherssaywearenotalone.Thisphenomenonisnotuniquetothehumanspecies:animalsalsobecomelesssociableastheyage.Acollectionof16studies,includingsixfromtheUniversityofLeeds,havebeenpublishedinaspecialissueofthePhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSociety.Onestudyintoreddeershowsthatasolderfemaledeerbecomelessandlesssocialwithage,theycutdownoncompetitionandreducetheirriskofparasite(寄生蟲(chóng))infection.Thestudyuseddatafromalong-runningprojecttrackingawildherd(鹿群)ontheScottishislandofRum.Dr.JoshFirth,firstauthorofthestudy,saidthatwhilepreviousresearchhasoftenconsideredtheprocessofbecominglesssocialwithage,knownas“socialageing”aspotentiallynegative,thestudyshowschanginghabitscouldinfactbringbenefits.LikeolderhumanswhoscalebacktheirsocialinteractionstoavoidinfectionssuchasCOVID-19,thelesssociable,olderonesarelesslikelytopickupcertaindiseases.“Assuch,whileitiscertainlyworthstilltryingtolessentheobviousdisadvantagesthatmightcomewithpeoplereducingtheirsocialconnectionsastheyage,weshouldalsoconsiderthepotentialbenefits,”Firthsaid,addingthatnewtechnologies—suchasvirtualinteractions—couldhelphumansgetthebestofbothworlds.Dr.GregAlbery,co-authorofthestudy,said:“Becauseageingisauniversalprocess,andallanimalsliveinsomesortofsocialcontext,thetopicsthatwediscussindetailcanhavereallyfar-rangingimplications.Thehopeisthatinunderstandingthediversityofageingandsocialityacrosslotsofdifferentspecies,wecanshinealightontheprocessesgoverningourownsocietyinatimewhenunderstandingageingisparticularlyimportant.”Theresearchersnowaimtoapplythesescientificmethodstootherlong-termdatasetsofwildanimals,hopingtodevelopabroaderunderstandingofthefundamentalprinciplesthatmayshapeagingandsocialbehaviorinnaturalpopulations.12.WhatdoesDr.JoshFirth’sstudylookat?A.Thefeaturesofanageingsociety.B.Animals’wellbeingintheirgoldenyears.C.Interpersonalrelationshipsinhumansocieties.D.Therelationshipbetweenageandsocialconnections.13.HowwasFirth’sstudyfindingobtained?A.Byanalyzingcollecteddata. B.BytrackingaScottishwildherd.C.Bysortingrelatedresearchpapers. D.Byreferringtopreviousstudyfinds.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“getthebestofbothworlds”inparagraph4mean?A.Enjoyhealthbenefitswithoutreducedsociability.B.Liveinboththevirtualandphysicalworlds.C.Takefulladvantageoftheirsocialengagement.D.Balancetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofageing.15.WhichofthefollowingcansummarizeDr.GregAlbery’swords?A.Howwecancoexistwithageinganimals.B.Whetherageingisuniversalacrossspecies.C.Whatanimalsocietiescanteachusaboutageing.D.Whyitisimportanttogovernanageingpopulation.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，人類和動(dòng)物都傾向于減少與未知個(gè)體的接觸，并且不太愿意與剛認(rèn)識(shí)的人建立聯(lián)系這一現(xiàn)象，并闡述這種“社交老齡化”現(xiàn)象并非完全是負(fù)面的，反而可能帶來(lái)一些好處。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Dr.JoshFirth,firstauthorofthestudy,saidthatwhilepreviousresearchhasoftenconsideredtheprocessofbecominglesssocialwithage,knownas“socialageing”aspotentiallynegative,thestudyshowschanginghabitscouldinfactbringbenefits.(研究第一作者JoshFirth博士表示，盡管此前研究常將“社交衰老”（即隨年齡增長(zhǎng)社交減少的過(guò)程）視為潛在負(fù)面現(xiàn)象，但這項(xiàng)研究表明，習(xí)慣的改變實(shí)際上可能帶來(lái)益處)”可知，該研究聚焦“年齡增長(zhǎng)與社交減少的關(guān)系”，探討“社交衰老”的影響。故選D。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thestudyuseddatafromalong-runningprojecttrackingawildherd(鹿群)ontheScottishislandofRum.(該研究數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自蘇格蘭拉姆島一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期追蹤野生鹿群的項(xiàng)目)”可知，F(xiàn)irth的研究成果是通過(guò)分析長(zhǎng)期追蹤蘇格蘭鹿群所收集的數(shù)據(jù)得出的。故選A?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)所在語(yǔ)境““Assuch,whileitiscertainlyworthstilltryingtolessentheobviousdisadvantagesthatmightcomewithpeoplereducingtheirsocialconnectionsastheyage,weshouldalsoconsiderthepotentialbenefits,”Firthsaid,addingthatnewtechnologies—suchasvirtualinteractions—couldhelphumansgetthebestofbothworlds.(Firth說(shuō)：“因此，盡管我們確實(shí)需要努力減輕人們因年齡增長(zhǎng)而減少社交可能帶來(lái)的明顯弊端，但也應(yīng)考慮其潛在益處?！彼a(bǔ)充道，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)互動(dòng)等新技術(shù)或許能幫助人類實(shí)現(xiàn)兩全其美)”可知，“bothworlds”指代“減少社交以避免疾?。ū锥耍焙汀熬S持社交以獲得益處”。Firth提到新技術(shù)（如虛擬互動(dòng)）可幫助人們“在不減少社交的情況下享受健康益處”；由此猜測(cè)劃線部分指的是“在不減少社交的情況下享受健康益處”。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Dr.GregAlbery,co-authorofthestudy,said:“Becauseageingisauniversalprocess,andallanimalsliveinsomesortofsocialcontext,thetopicsthatwediscussindetailcanhavereallyfar-rangingimplications.Thehopeisthatinunderstandingthediversityofageingandsocialityacrosslotsofdifferentspecies,wecanshinealightontheprocessesgoverningourownsocietyinatimewhenunderstandingageingisparticularlyimportant.”(研究合著者GregAlbery博士說(shuō)：“由于衰老是一個(gè)普遍過(guò)程，且所有動(dòng)物都生活在某種社會(huì)環(huán)境中，我們?cè)敿?xì)討論的這些主題可能具有真正廣泛的意義。我們希望，通過(guò)理解不同物種衰老與社交的多樣性，能在理解衰老尤為重要的當(dāng)下，揭示支配人類社會(huì)的規(guī)律?！?”可知，他認(rèn)為研究通過(guò)分析不同物種衰老與社交的多樣性，旨在揭示支配人類社會(huì)的規(guī)律。這表明他認(rèn)為動(dòng)物社會(huì)的研究能為理解人類衰老提供啟示。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wouldyouagreethatresponsibletravelgivesgreatsatisfaction?Ifso,startwithsmallsteps!Thatwayyou’llfinditeasiertochangeyourhabitsandappreciatesmall-bigactions.Juststartingyoursustainabilityjourney?____16____Readourlistofprinciplesofresponsibletravel.Transport—plantominimizecarbonemissions(排放)Flightsbooked?Thenpacklight;everyitemonaplaneincreasesthecarbonemitted.Doalsoconsideryourmodeoftransportonceyouwillarrive.Choosepublictransport,hirebikesorwalk.Youaremorelikelytomeetlocalsthisway.____17____ReadwiselyReaduponlocalcustomsandlearnafewwordsofthelocallanguage—travellingwithrespectwillearnyourespect.____18____Ifweallflocktothesameplaces,recommendedbywritersofasimilarageandgender,thenwe’remissingout.Ourtravelguides,allwrittenbyexperttravelwriterswillwarnyouofresponsibletourismissuesinparticularplaces.Consciousconsumption____19____Chooseethnicallydiverse,localgiftshopsandmarkets:allagreatwaytomeetdifferentpeopleandensureyourmoneydirectlybenefits.Buylessoftheproductsthatarenotalwaysnature-friendly.Avoidproductsmadefromendangeredspecies,shellsorcoral.Anddon’tforgettobringyourreusableshoppingbagandwaterbottle.LocalguidesHirelocalguides—you’lldiscovermoreabouttheculture,thelandscapeandthewildlife.____20____Inmanycountries,poachers(盜獵者)havebecomeconservationistsandguides,andthemorewesupportthem,thebetter.Again,keepdiversityinmind—seeingaplacethroughtheeyesofalocalwomancouldbeaverydifferentexperience.A.Beanactivist!B.Wecometoyourrescue!C.Justletusknowyou’vebooked.D.Thinkaboutwhatyouarereadingtoo.E.Ifit’snottoolate,avoidinternalflights.F.Plus,moremoneywillgointothelocalcommunity.G.Supportthelocaleconomywitheverypurchasingdecision.【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.G20.F【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何進(jìn)行可持續(xù)旅游提出了一些建議?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Wouldyouagreethatresponsibletravelgivesgreatsatisfaction?Ifso,startwithsmallsteps!Thatwayyou’llfinditeasiertochangeyourhabitsandappreciatesmall-bigactions.Juststartingyoursustainabilityjourney?(你是否同意負(fù)責(zé)任的旅行給人很大的滿足感？如果是這樣，從小步驟開(kāi)始！這樣你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更容易改變你的習(xí)慣和欣賞小事。剛剛開(kāi)始你的可持續(xù)發(fā)展之旅？)”以及后文“Readourlistofprinciplesofresponsibletravel.(閱讀我們列出的負(fù)責(zé)任的旅行原則)”可知，前文提問(wèn)“剛開(kāi)始可持續(xù)旅行之旅？”，后文引出“閱讀責(zé)任旅行原則列表”，本句承接問(wèn)題并自然過(guò)渡到解決方案，故B選項(xiàng)“我們來(lái)救你！”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Flightsbooked?Thenpacklight;everyitemonaplaneincreasesthecarbonemitted.Doalsoconsideryourmodeoftransportonceyouwillarrive.Choosepublictransport,hirebikesorwalk.Youaremorelikelytomeetlocalsthisway.(航班預(yù)定了嗎？然后輕裝上陣；飛機(jī)上的每一件物品都會(huì)增加碳排放量。你到達(dá)后也要考慮你的交通方式。選擇公共交通工具，租自行車或步行。這樣你更有可能遇到當(dāng)?shù)厝?”可知，段落主題為“減少碳排放”，前文建議抵達(dá)后選擇公共交通等，本句進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充交通規(guī)劃中的減排措施，故E選項(xiàng)“如果還不算太晚，就不要乘坐國(guó)內(nèi)航班”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Readwisely(明智閱讀)”以及后文“Ifweallflocktothesameplaces,recommendedbywritersofasimilarageandgender,thenwe’remissingout.Ourtravelguides,allwrittenbyexperttravelwriterswillwarnyouofresponsibletourismissuesinparticularplaces.(如果我們都涌向相同的地方，由年齡和性別相似的作家推薦，那么我們就錯(cuò)過(guò)了。我們的旅游指南，都是由專業(yè)的旅游作家寫(xiě)的，將提醒你在特定的地方負(fù)責(zé)任的旅游問(wèn)題)”可知，段落標(biāo)題“明智閱讀”強(qiáng)調(diào)了解當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?，本句呼?yīng)標(biāo)題，并引出后文對(duì)旅行指南多樣性的討論，避免“一窩蜂去相同地點(diǎn)”的問(wèn)題。故D選項(xiàng)“也想想你正在讀的東西”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Chooseethnicallydiverse,localgiftshopsandmarkets:allagreatwaytomeetdifferentpeopleandensureyourmoneydirectlybenefits.Buylessoftheproductsthatarenotalwaysnature-friendly.Avoidproductsmadefromendangeredspecies,shellsorcoral.Anddon’tforgettobringyourreusableshoppingbagandwaterbottle.(選擇種族多樣化的當(dāng)?shù)囟Y品店和市場(chǎng)：所有這些都是結(jié)識(shí)不同人的好方法，確保你的錢(qián)直接受益。少買(mǎi)一些對(duì)自然不友好的產(chǎn)品。避免使用瀕危物種、貝殼或珊瑚制成的產(chǎn)品。別忘了帶上可重復(fù)使用的購(gòu)物袋和水瓶)”可知，段落主題“有意識(shí)消費(fèi)”強(qiáng)調(diào)支持本地經(jīng)濟(jì)，本句點(diǎn)明核心，后文“選擇本地禮品店和市場(chǎng)”是對(duì)該原則的具體展開(kāi)。故G選項(xiàng)“每一個(gè)采購(gòu)決定都要支持當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Hirelocalguides—you’lldiscovermoreabouttheculture,thelandscapeandthewildlife.(聘請(qǐng)當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多關(guān)于文化、景觀和野生動(dòng)物的信息)”以及后文“Inmanycountries,poachers(盜獵者)havebecomeconservationistsandguides,andthemorewesupportthem,thebetter.Again,keepdiversityinmind—seeingaplacethroughtheeyesofalocalwomancouldbeaverydifferentexperience.(在許多國(guó)家，偷獵者變成了環(huán)保主義者和向?qū)В覀冊(cè)街С炙麄冊(cè)胶?。再一次，記住多樣性——通過(guò)當(dāng)?shù)嘏缘难劬匆粋€(gè)地方可能是一種非常不同的體驗(yàn))”可知，前文提到雇傭當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的好處，本句總結(jié)雇傭當(dāng)?shù)厝说慕?jīng)濟(jì)意義，與后文支持盜獵者轉(zhuǎn)型的案例契合。故F選項(xiàng)“另外，更多的錢(qián)會(huì)進(jìn)入當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasbornduringmyparents’seavoyagearoundtheworld,andalwayswantedtomakethetripmyself.Iwasa____21____sailor:at13,IcrossedtheChannelsolo(獨(dú)自一人).ThenIstartedseriouslythinkingaboutsailingaroundtheworld.Myparentsweren’tthrilledwiththe____22____,butaftertalkingtothemaboutit,theybecame____23____—theyknewI’ddoitanyway.AsIsetofffromGibraltaronmyowninAugust2010,my____24____wereonebigjumble(混亂).IfeltontopoftheworldandatthesametimesonervousIcouldn’t____25____forthefirstfewdays.____26____myfirstdestinationonthehorizon—theCanaryIslands—feltamazing.I____27____thenI’dkeepgoing:acrosstheAtlanticandthePacific.Atsea,Ididn’treallyget____28____.IwaswithotherpeoplewhenIwasinvitedtodinnerontheirboats.Meetingpeoplefromaroundtheworldputlifeinto____29____forme.Duringstops,I’dtakemylaptoptoacaféandupdatedmyblogaboutmy____30____.Imademorethan20____31____.Sometimesifmyboatneededrepairs,I’dstayforacoupleofweeks.For____32____,Iworkedoddjobsalongtheway.IcrossedthefinishlineinSintMaarteninJanuary2012.Iunderstandhow____33____myparentsweretobackme.Mydad____34____sleptwhileIwasaway.NowIhavetwokids.Ifmykidswantedtodothesamething,Iwouldn’tbehappy—butI’dtrytofindawayto____35____them.21.A.demanding B.innocent C.responsible D.confident22.A.outcome B.idea C.risk D.shift23.A.doubtful B.abnormal C.supportive D.curious24.A.emotions B.circumstances C.preparations D.routines25.A.withdraw B.sleep C.move D.compete26.A.Mapping B.Exploring C.Checking D.Spotting27.A.knew B.forgot C.suspected D.worried28.A.occupied B.hungry C.lonely D.tired29.A.businesses B.struggle C.perspective D.identification30.A.journey B.survival C.education D.profile31.A.stops B.returns C.choices D.errors32.A.experience B.money C.company D.safety33.A.patient B.open-minded C.well-informed D.brave34.A.soundly B.exactly C.temporarily D.barely35.A.comfort B.support C.pardon D.restrict【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.D27.A28.C29.C30.A31.A32.B33.D34.D35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者受自己出生于父母環(huán)球航海之旅的影響，從小就想進(jìn)行環(huán)球航海，在父母支持下實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，也理解了父母的不易。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個(gè)自信的航海人：13歲時(shí)，我獨(dú)自橫渡了英吉利海峽。A.demanding要求高的；B.innocent天真的；C.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)后文“at13,IcrossedtheChannelsolo(獨(dú)自一人)”可知，作者13歲就敢獨(dú)自橫渡英吉利海峽，說(shuō)明他非常自信。故選D項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母對(duì)這個(gè)想法并不興奮，但在和他們談過(guò)之后，他們變得支持我了——他們知道反正我會(huì)去做的。A.outcome結(jié)果；B.idea想法；C.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；D.shift轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)前文“ThenIstartedseriouslythinkingaboutsailingaroundtheworld.”可知，作者想環(huán)球航海，這是一個(gè)想法，父母一開(kāi)始對(duì)這個(gè)想法不太滿意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母對(duì)這個(gè)想法并不興奮，但在和他們談過(guò)之后，他們變得支持我了——他們知道反正我會(huì)去做的。A.doubtful懷疑的；B.abnormal反常的；C.supportive支持的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”和后文“theyknewI’ddoitanyway”可知，父母知道作者無(wú)論如何都會(huì)去做，所以盡管開(kāi)始對(duì)這個(gè)想法并不興奮，但后來(lái)變得支持他了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2010年8月，當(dāng)我獨(dú)自從直布羅陀出發(fā)時(shí)，我的情緒一片混亂。A.emotions情緒；B.circumstances情況；C.preparations準(zhǔn)備；D.routines常規(guī)。根據(jù)后文“Ifeltontopoftheworldandatthesametimesonervous”可知，作者既興奮又緊張，說(shuō)明他出發(fā)時(shí)情緒很混亂。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我感覺(jué)自己處于世界之巔，但同時(shí)又非常緊張，前幾天都睡不著覺(jué)。A.withdraw撤回；B.sleep睡覺(jué)；C.move移動(dòng)；D.compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)前文“sonervous”可推知，作者因?yàn)榫o張前幾天睡不著覺(jué)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在地平線上看到我的第一個(gè)目的地——加那利群島——感覺(jué)棒極了。A.Mapping繪制地圖；B.Exploring探索；C.Checking檢查；D.Spo