高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省保定市六校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoesthemanthinkofProfessorWhite’spresentation?A.It’snovel. B.It’sabitboring. C.It’sgreatlyinspiring.【答案】C【原文】W:ProfessorWhite’spresentationseemedtogoonforever.Iwasunabletostayawake.I’dratherreadanovel.M:Howcouldyousleepthroughit?It’soneofthebestIhaveeverheardonthistopic,whichprovidedinspirationformypaper.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtomakeapaperplane. B.Howtorecyclerubbish. C.Howtobookaflight.【答案】A【原文】W:WheneverImakeapaperplane,itneverfliesverywell.I’vedoneitthreetimesnowandthey’veallbeenrubbish!M:Youneedtogivethewingsadoublefold,likethis.W:OK,I’lltry—I’veonlybeenfoldingitonce.3.Howdoesthewomanusuallyeatcarrots?A.Shemakesjuiceoutofthem. B.Sheeatsthemraw. C.Shecooksthem.【答案】C【原文】W:Doyoulikeeatingcarrots?M:Yes!They’reoneofmyfavoritevegetables.Iloveeatingthemraw,andIoftenmakecarrotjuiceinthemorning.Whataboutyou?W:Ienjoyeatingcarrots,too.ButInormallycookthem.4.Howdoesthewomanencouragetheman?A.Byofferingtotakethetestwithhim.B.Bytellinghimtobeconfident.C.Bysharinghertest-takingexperience.【答案】B【原文】W:Nicholas,Ifinallygotmydriver’slicense.Ican’twaittobuymyowncar!M:Wow!Congratulations!I’malittleworriedthatIwillfailmydrivingtestnextmonth.W:Takeiteasy!Ibelieveyoucandoitwell.5.Whatactivitydoesthemanlike?A.Snowboarding. B.Snowkiting. C.Climbing.【答案】B【原文】W:Whattypeofexercisingareyouinterestedin?M:Ilikesnowkitingverymuch.W:Really?What’sthat?M:It’slikesnowboarding,youknow,goingdownamountainonaboard,butyouhaveakiteattachedto,soyougoevenfaster.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.WhydoesTonyaskforarecommendation?A.Helovesrockmusic. B.Heisplanningabirthdaytreat. C.Hewantstohavefunwithfriends.7.WhatdoesJanesayaboutthetickets?A.Theycanbeexpensive. B.Theycurrentlycostless. C.Theyhaveprobablysoldout.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】M:Jane,yougotorockconcerts,don’tyou?W:Yes,wheneverthereissomeoneIwanttosee.M:Canyourecommendoneforme?Mydaughter’sbirthdayiscomingupandIthoughtIcouldtakeherandsomeofherfriendstoarockconcert.W:Well,that’saniceidea,Tony.Butyoudorealizethatticketstoarockconcertcanbeveryexpensive,don’tyou?M:Oh,doyouthinkitwillcosttoomuch?W:Itdependswhoyousee,butitmightcostyoualotifyouarepayingforallofthem.M:It’sOKaslongasmydaughterandherfriendsarehappy.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatwillhappentothenumberofworkersincompaniesaccordingtothewoman?A.Itwillincrease. B.Itwilldecrease. C.Itwillstaythesame.9.Whatdoesthewomanlikedoingathome?A.Sendingfriendsemails. B.Callingherfriends. C.WatchingTV.【答案】8.B9.C【原文】W:Work?Inthefuture?Well,Ithinkascompaniesgetmorecomputerized,they’refindingwaysofusingfewerworkers.M:Yeah.Andmoreandmorepeoplewillbeworkingathomebecauseofcomputers.W:Wow,I’dreallylovethat.Canyouimaginespendingmostofyourworkweekinthecomfortofyourownhome?M:Personally,Iwouldhavefreertimetableandgetmuchmoredone.Andwithemailsandphonecalls,youcanstillkeepintouchwitheveryoneyouneedto.W:Well,I’mafraidImightjustsitbackandturnontheTV!聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome. B.Atschool. C.Inabookstore.11.WhyisSarahsad?A.Herpetgotlost. B.Herworkisdifficult. C.Herparentshaveproblems.12.WhatdoesMr.ThompsonsuggestSarahdo?A.Getanewcat. B.Readabook. C.Focusonherlessons.【答案】10.B11.A12.B【原文】W:Hello,Mr.Thompson.MissLennonsaidyouwantedtospeaktome.M:Yes,Sarah.Andyourworkissuffering.Issomethingonyourmind?W:Yes,Idofeelalittlebitsad.M:Whyisthat?Istheschoolworktoohardforyouoristhereaproblemathome?W:No,no...it’sTony.Tonywasmycat.Hewaslostlastweek.Hewasmybestfriend.M:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.Iknowhowthatfeels—andgettinganewcatdoesn’talwayshelp.W:Icouldn’tdothat.M:Sarah,I’mgoingtogiveyoualittlebooktoread.It’scalledCopingwithLoss,anditmighthelpyoudealwithyourfeelings.W:OK,andIwilltrytofocusonmylessons.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。13.WhendidJulieleaveforMexico?A.InJune. B.InJuly. C.InAugust.14.WhatdidJulielikebestaboutMexico?A.Thefood. B.Thepeople. C.Theevents.15.WhichlanguagedoesTomspeakbesidesEnglish?A.Spanish. B.French. C.Chinese.16.Whydoesn’tTomleavehiscountrynow?A.Hedoesn’thaveapassport.B.Hedoesn’tknowwheretotravel.C.Hecan’taffordtovisitothercountries.【答案】13.A14.B15.B16.A【原文】M:Hi,Julie!HowwasyourtriptoMexico?Whendidyougetback?W:Hi,Tom!Ireturnedafewdaysago,onJuly1st.I’vebeentherefortwoweeks.Itwasamazing!M:Whydoyousaythat?I’veneverbeentoMexico,althoughI’dliketo.W:Well,thepeopletherewereveryfriendly.Ithinkthatwasmyfavoritethingabouttheplace.Theyhelpedmewithdirectionsandrecommendedplacestovisit.Andtheywerepatientwithme,eventhoughIspokeSpanishslowly.M:That’snice!I’dhaveahardtimegettingaround,becauseIcan’tspeakitatall.IlearnedFrenchinhighschool.SowhatwasMexicanculturelike?W:Itwaswonderful!Thefoodwasdeliciousandnotexpensive.Therewerealwayseventshappening,likepartiesandparades.Theculturewasverycolorful.Itwasfuntoparticipate.M:Thatsoundsgreat.I’llhavetotraveltheresometime.IhaveatripplannedtoCaliforniainAugust.Ican’tleavetheU.S.,becauseIdon’thaveapassportyet.IfIhadone,IwouldevenliketovisitChinabesidesMexico.W:Irecommendit.Chinaisagreatcountry.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.HowdidAlexgettoknowsomethingaboute-waste?A.Fromthenewspaper. B.FromtheInternet. C.OnTV.18.WhatistheaimofthecharitygroupWIN?A.Toproducenewelectronicequipment.B.Tohelppeoplerecycleandreusee-waste.C.Tohelppeoplestayawayfrome-waste.19.HowmanycomputersdidthestudentsinAlex’stownget?A.About300. B.About200. C.About150.20.Whowillgetcomputersfromthecomputercenters?A.ThepoorstudentsinAsiaandAfrica.B.ThepoorstudentsinCentralAmericaandAsia.C.ThepoorstudentsinCentralAmericaandAfrica.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.C【原文】M:AlexLinisa16-year-oldboy.Oneday,hereadaboutsomethingcallede-wasteinthenewspaper.Helearnedthatwhenpeoplebuynewcomputers,TVsets,phones,washingmachines,etc.,theysimplythrowtheoldonesaway.Thesethingsarecalledelectronicwaste,ore-waste.Alexalsolearnedthate-wasteisdangeroustotheenvironment.Hedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Tohelpstope-waste,AlexgothelpfromacharitygroupcalledWIN.WINsendspeoplethemessageaboute-wasteandgivespeopleachancetorecycleandreusetheire-waste.Alexalsofoundthere’saprojectrunbyWINthathelpstheenvironmentandpeople’slives.WiththehelpofWIN,Alexsavedmorethan200poundsofe-wastethatwasabouttobethrownaway.Theyfixedabout300computersandgavehalfofthemtothestudentsinAlex’stown.Theyalsosetuptwocomputercentersforschools.NowtheyaretryingtoworkwiththeUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.ThecomputercenterswilldonatecomputerstothepoorstudentsinCentralAmericaandAfrica.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APlacestoGoinChinaforFamilyTourswithKidsBeijingBeijingshouldbethetopchoiceforyourfamily’sfirsttriptoChina.Withitsabundanceoffamousattractionsandexcitingexperiences,Beijingwillentertainchildrenandbroadentheirculturalunderstanding.VisittheGreatWallandtryanexcitingtobogganride.Takearickshawridethroughhutongsandfindoutsomehiddennativedishes.IfyouwantyourkidstoknowmoreaboutChineseculture,wecouldarrangeavisittoalocalfamilyhometolearncalligraphyorothertraditionalChinesecrafts.Wecouldalsoarrangeataichiclassforyourfamily.Ifyoucomeinwinter,skiingandexperiencingtheChineseNewYeararerecommendedactivitiesforfamilies.GuilinGuilinofferscolorfuloutdooractivitiesforadultsandkids.TouringthekarstcountrysideofYangshuobybike,hikingLongsheng’sriceterraces(梯田),cruisingalongtheLiRiver,andvisitingminorityvillagesoffersomuchbreathtakingsceneryandnewexperiencesthatnokidcouldbebored!VisitingthelocalmarketandlearningtocookaChinesedishisalsofun.Inahotsummer,youcouldhavefunwithstand-uppaddleboardingtoenjoythecoolwater,exploreawildcavewithoutcoloredlights,andjumpintothenaturalandcrystalpools.Xi’anXi’an’smostfamousattractionisthefamousTerracottaWarriors.Althoughitisahistoricalspot,itcanstillbeaveryinterestingexperience.Youcouldmakeaminiterracottawarriorwithyourkids.Itallowschildrentolearnaboutthehistorybehindtheattractioninamoreinterestingway.BesidestheawesomeTerracottaArmy,therearelotsoffunthingsforkidsinXi’an,suchasenjoyingcyclingontheAncientWallandgoingonafood-huntingtourinthefamousfoodstreetinMuslimQuarter.21.Accordingtothistext,whatarethethingsyoucandoinbothBeijingandXi’an?A.CycleontheAncientWall. B.Ridethroughthelanes.C.ExperiencethetraditionalChinesefestival. D.Tastelocalcuisine.22.WhichactivityistheleastlikelyforyoutodoifyoutakeatriptoGuilin?A.Hikericeterraces. B.TakeaboatalongtheLiRiver.C.Visitthelocalmarket. D.Exploreawildcavewithcoloredlights.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Travelguide. B.Textbook. C.Diaryentry. D.Sciencefiction.【答案】21.D22.D23.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了中國適合帶孩子進(jìn)行家庭游的三個(gè)地方?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Beijing部分中“Takearickshawridethroughhutongsandfindoutsomehiddennativedishes.(乘坐人力車穿過胡同，尋找一些隱藏的當(dāng)?shù)孛朗场?”以及Xi’an部分中“BesidestheawesomeTerracottaArmy,therearelotsoffunthingsforkidsinXi’an,suchasenjoyingcyclingontheAncientWallandgoingonafood-huntingtourinthefamousfoodstreetinMuslimQuarter.(除了令人驚嘆的兵馬俑，西安還有很多對(duì)孩子們來說有趣的事情，比如在古城墻上享受騎行，在回民街著名的美食街進(jìn)行美食探尋之旅。)”可知，在北京和西安都能做的事情是品嘗當(dāng)?shù)孛朗?。故選D?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Guilin部分中“TouringthekarstcountrysideofYangshuobybike,hikingLongsheng’sriceterraces(梯田),cruisingalongtheLiRiver,andvisitingminorityvillagesoffersomuchbreathtakingsceneryandnewexperiencesthatnokidcouldbebored!VisitingthelocalmarketandlearningtocookaChinesedishisalsofun.(騎自行車游覽陽朔的喀斯特鄉(xiāng)村，徒步龍勝梯田，沿著漓江乘船游覽，參觀少數(shù)民族村莊，這些都能提供如此多令人驚嘆的風(fēng)景和新體驗(yàn)，沒有孩子會(huì)感到無聊！參觀當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)并學(xué)習(xí)烹飪一道中國菜也很有趣。)”以及“Inahotsummer,youcouldhavefunwithstand-uppaddleboardingtoenjoythecoolwater,exploreawildcavewithoutcoloredlights,andjumpintothenaturalandcrystalpools.(在炎熱的夏天，你可以玩立式槳板享受清涼的水，探索沒有彩燈的野生洞穴，跳進(jìn)天然的清澈水池中。)”可知，去桂林旅行最不可能做的事情是探索有彩燈的野生洞穴，文中提到的是探索沒有彩燈的野生洞穴。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章題目“PlacestoGoinChinaforFamilyTourswithKids(中國適合帶孩子進(jìn)行家庭旅游的地方)”可知，文章主要介紹了中國北京、桂林和西安這三個(gè)地方適合帶孩子進(jìn)行家庭游的活動(dòng)和景點(diǎn)，由此可推斷這篇文章可能來自旅游指南。故選A。BAmongthechaosofpackingupmylategrandmother’sattic,Ifoundasmall,lockedwoodenboxhiddenbeneathastackofyellowednewspapers.ImanagedtoopenitwithanoldscrewdriverIfoundnearby.Inside,therewasabundleofletterstiedtogetherwithafadedribbon,andadelicate,dried-uprose.Theletterswerewritteninabeautiful,flowingscriptthatwasalmostillegibleinplacesduetotheinkfadingovertime.AsIcarefullyunfoldedthefirstone,whichdatedbackto1943,Iwastransportedtoaworldoflove,sacrifice,andwar.Theletterswereacorrespondencebetweenmygrandmother,thenayoungnursenamedClara,andasoldiernamedBenjamin.Benjaminwasstationedoverseas,andhisletterswerefilledwithvividdescriptionsofthecruelrealitiesofwar,yetalsowithtenderdeclarationsofhisloveforClara.Clara’sletters,inturn,werefilledwithtalesofherdailylife,herlongingforhisreturn,andhersupport.Oneletter,inparticular,caughtmyattention.Init,Benjaminhintedatasecretmission,onethatcouldpotentiallychangethecourseofthewar.Hewrotethatifanythingweretohappentohim,therewasa“treasure”hewantedClaratofind.However,henevergotthechancetoillustratefurther,andthesubsequentletterswerefilledwithworryanduncertaintyasthewarragedon.AsIreaddeeperintotheirstory,IbecamedeterminedtouncoverthetruthbehindBenjamin’smysterious“treasure”.Ispentdayssearchingforhistoricalrecords,andevenreachedouttolocalhistoriansandwarveterans(老兵).Finally,Ifoundaclueinanoldnewspaperarticleaboutagroupofsoldierswhohadcarriedoutadaringrescueoperationduringthewar.Followingthetrail,IdiscoveredthatBenjaminhadbeenpartofateamthathadrescuedagroupofscientistswhowereworkingonatop-secretproject.The“treasure”hespokeof,Irealized,wasnotamaterialobject,buttheknowledgeandhopethatthosescientists’workrepresented.Thisunexpectedjourneyintomygrandmother’spastnotonlygavemeanewfoundrespectforherandBenjaminbutalsotaughtmetheprofoundimpactthatlove,sacrifice,andasingle,mysteriouslettercouldhaveongenerationstocome.24.Whatdidtheauthorfindinthewoodenbox?A.Astackofoldnewspapers. B.Acollectionofantiquecoins.C.Letters,adriedrose,andcluesofamystery. D.Adiaryandsomefamilyphotos.25.Whywerethelettersdifficulttoread?A.Theywerewritteninaforeignlanguage. B.Theinkhadfadedovertime.C.Theywereintentionallydestroyed. D.Thehandwritingwasextremelymessy.26.WhatwasBenjamin’s“treasure”accordingtotheauthor’sdiscovery?A.Theknowledgeandhoperepresentedbytherescuedscientists’work.B.Asmall,lockedwoodenboxwithabundleofletters.C.Adaringrescueoperationhehadcarriedoutduringthewar.D.AsecretdocumentaboutthewarthatBenjaminhadsearchedfor.27.Whatcanweinferfromthetextabouttheauthor’sfeelingstowardsthediscovery?A.Indifferent,asitwasjustanoldstory.B.Annoyedatthetime-consumingresearch.C.Frustratedbecausethetreasurewasnotamaterialthing.D.Respectfulanddeeplytouchedbythestorybehindtheletters.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在閣樓上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)盒子，通過閱讀盒子里的信，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)被埋藏的“寶藏”?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Inside,therewasabundleofletterstiedtogetherwithafadedribbon,andadelicate,dried-uprose.(盒子里有一捆信，用一條褪了色的緞帶系在一起，還有一朵嬌嫩的干玫瑰)”以及第四段“Init,Benjaminhintedatasecretmission,onethatcouldpotentiallychangethecourseofthewar.(在信中，本杰明暗示了一個(gè)秘密任務(wù)，一個(gè)可能改變戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)進(jìn)程的任務(wù))”可知，作者在木箱里發(fā)現(xiàn)了信，一朵干玫瑰，還有一個(gè)謎團(tuán)的線索。故選C?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theletterswerewritteninabeautiful,flowingscriptthatwasalmostillegibleinplacesduetotheinkfadingovertime.(這些信是用優(yōu)美流暢的字跡寫的，由于墨水隨著時(shí)間的流逝而褪色，有些地方幾乎難以辨認(rèn))”可知，這些字母很難讀是因?yàn)殡S著時(shí)間的推移，墨水褪色了。故選B?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The“treasure”hespokeof,Irealized,wasnotamaterialobject,buttheknowledgeandhopethatthosescientists’workrepresented.(我意識(shí)到，他所說的“寶藏”不是實(shí)物，而是那些科學(xué)家的工作所代表的知識(shí)和希望)”可知，本杰明所說的“寶藏”是獲救科學(xué)家的工作所代表的知識(shí)和希望。故選A?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisunexpectedjourneyintomygrandmother’spastnotonlygavemeanewfoundrespectforherandBenjaminbutalsotaughtmetheprofoundimpactthatlove,sacrifice,andasingle,mysteriouslettercouldhaveongenerationstocome.(這次意外之旅不僅讓我對(duì)祖母和本杰明產(chǎn)生了新的尊重，也讓我明白了愛、犧牲和一封神秘的信可能對(duì)后代產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響)”可知，作者對(duì)這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的感受是尊重并被信件背后的故事深深打動(dòng)。故選D。CBacteriadon’thavebrains.Buttheycan“remember”changesintheenvironmentandpassdownthese“memories”totheiroffspring(后代),reportedScienceAert.Thisopensupnewpossibilitiesinourfightagainstharmfulbacteriathataredifficulttokillusingantibiotics(抗生素).Thefirstobservationof“bacterialmemory”inE.coli(大腸桿菌)wasmadebyresearchersattheUniversityofTexasandtheUniversityofDelawareintheUS.Intheirstudy,theyplacedE.colicellsintoculturemediums(培養(yǎng)基)andadjustedthelevelofironinside.Forbacteria,ironisanimportantnutrient.Whenscientistsfirstloweredtheironlevel,theE.colicells“rushed”toformagrouptosearchforamorelivableenvironment.Lateron,whenevertheironleveldropped,theE.colicellsreactedinthesameway,butatahigherspeedthanthefirsttime.What’smore,thenewcellsthattheygavebirthtocould“rush”togetherevenmorequicklythantheir“parents”didthefirsttime,evenwithouthavinganypreviousexperiencesinalow-ironenvironment.ThisresearchshowedthatE.colicells“haveanironmemory”.Bacteriacangatherinformationfromtheirenvironment,andiftheyhaveencounteredthatenvironmentfrequently,theycanstorethatinformationandquicklyaccessitlaterfortheirbenefit,SouvikBhattacharyya,thestudy’sleadresearcher,explainedtoScienceAlert.Althoughthis“ironmemory”canbe“passeddown”acrossgenerations,theresearchersfoundthatitisnaturallylostaftersevengenerationsunlessscientists“remind”thebacteria.Thismeansthatthememoryisnotrelatedtoanygeneticchanges.SowhatdoE.colicellsusetotransmitittotheiroffspring?ScientistsatNorthwesternUniversityintheUShaveatheory.Theybelievethistypeof“memory”isstoredinthegeneregulatorynetwork.Whenenvironmentalchangesoccur,genes“discuss”witheachotherthroughthisnetworktoproduceproperresponses.The“discussion”keepsthe“memory”inthe“family”socellsbornlatercanalsosurvivethechanges.Researchersaredoinglabexperimentstoprovethetheory.Ifitistrue,scientistsmaybeabletomakeharmfulbacteria“remember”thepowerofantibiotics,saidScienceDaily.Thiscanhelpusovercomeantimicrobial(抗微生物的)resistancewhichwasdirectlyresponsiblefor1.27millionglobaldeathsandcontributedto4.95milliondeathsin2019,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.28.WhatdidtheresearchersattheUniversityofTexasandtheUniversityofDelawaredointheirstudy?A.TheyplacedE.colicellsindifferentculturemediumswithvariousnutrients.B.TheyobservedthegrowthprocessofE.colicellsinastableenvironment.C.TheyadjustedtheironlevelintheculturemediumsforE.colicells.D.Theycomparedthereactionspeedofdifferentcolicellstoironlevelchanges.29.WhatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatE.colicellsreactmorequicklytoiron-leveldropslater?A.E.colicellshaveacomplexnervoussystemtosensetheironlevelchange.B.Thestoredinformationoffrequentlow-ironenvironmentenablesE.colicellstoreactfaster.C.E.colicellscanchangethemselvesrapidlytoadapttothechangingironlevel.D.E.colicellscanpassdownamoresensitiveiron-sensingmechanismgenetically.30.AccordingtothetheoryofscientistsatNorthwesternUniversity,howdoesthegeneregulatorynetworkworkin“bacterialmemory”maintaining?A.Itdirectlychangesthegenesofbacteriaaccordingtotheenvironmentalchanges.B.Itenablesgenestocommunicateandgenerateresponsesthatpreservetheironmemory.C.Itstorestheenvironmentalinformationinaspecialgeneticcodeforfutureuse.D.Itactivatesasetofsleepinggeneswhentheironlevelchanges.31.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchon“bacterialmemory”accordingtothetext?A.Ithelpsustobetterunderstandthelivinghabitsofbacteria.B.Itexplainshowbacteriareproduceandevolve.C.Itdiscoversanewtypeofbacteriathatiseasytokill.D.Itprovidesanewwaytodealwithantimicrobialresistance.【答案】28.C29.B30.B31.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于大腸桿菌可以“記住”環(huán)境的變化，并將這些“記憶”傳給后代的研究。解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及意義?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Intheirstudy,theyplacedE.colicellsintoculturemediums(培養(yǎng)基)andadjustedthelevelofironinside.(在他們的研究中，他們將大腸桿菌細(xì)胞放入培養(yǎng)液中，并調(diào)整培養(yǎng)液中的鐵含量)”可知，德克薩斯大學(xué)和特拉華大學(xué)的研究人員在他們的研究中調(diào)整了大腸桿菌細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基中的鐵含量。故選C?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ThisresearchshowedthatE.colicells“haveanironmemory”.Bacteriacangatherinformationfromtheirenvironment,andiftheyhaveencounteredthatenvironmentfrequently,theycanstorethatinformationandquicklyaccessitlaterfortheirbenefit,SouvikBhattacharyya,thestudy’sleadresearcher,explainedtoScienceAlert.(這項(xiàng)研究表明，大腸桿菌細(xì)胞“有關(guān)于鐵的記憶力”。該研究的首席研究員蘇維克·巴塔查里亞向《科學(xué)警報(bào)》解釋說，細(xì)菌可以從環(huán)境中收集信息，如果它們經(jīng)常遇到這種環(huán)境，它們可以存儲(chǔ)這些信息，并在以后快速獲取這些信息)”可知，從大腸桿菌細(xì)胞對(duì)隨后鐵含量下降的反應(yīng)更快這一事實(shí)可以推斷出在低鐵環(huán)境下儲(chǔ)存的信息使大腸桿菌細(xì)胞反應(yīng)更快。故選B。【30題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whenenvironmentalchangesoccur,genes“discuss”witheachotherthroughthisnetworktoproduceproperresponses.The“discussion”keepsthe“memory”inthe“family”socellsbornlatercanalsosurvivethechanges.(當(dāng)環(huán)境發(fā)生變化時(shí)，基因通過這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相互“討論”以產(chǎn)生適當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)?！坝懻摗睂ⅰ坝洃洝北Ａ粼凇凹易濉敝?，因此后來出生的細(xì)胞也能在變化中生存下來)”可知，基因調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)使基因能夠交流并產(chǎn)生保持鐵記憶的反應(yīng)。故選B?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thiscanhelpusovercomeantimicrobial(抗微生物的)resistancewhichwasdirectlyresponsiblefor1.27millionglobaldeathsandcontributedto4.95milliondeathsin2019,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.(這可以幫助我們克服抗微生物藥物耐藥性，根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，抗微生物藥物耐藥性直接導(dǎo)致全球127萬人死亡，并在2019年導(dǎo)致495萬人死亡)”可知，“細(xì)菌記憶”研究的意義是提供了一種處理抗菌素耐藥性的新方法。故選D。DInthevastexpanseofspace,anewandgrowingproblemisemerging-spacedebris,alsoknownasspacejunk.Overthepastfewdecades,asspaceexplorationandsatellitedeploymenthaveincreasedmoreandmore,theamountofdebrisorbitingtheEarthhasreachedastonishinglevels.Thisdebrisconsistsofdefunctsatellites,spentrocketstages,andfragmentsfromcollisions(碰撞),allrushingthroughspaceatextremelyhighspeeds.Thepresenceofspacedebrisposesaseriousthreattooperationalsatellitesandfuturespacemissions.Evenasmallpieceofdebris,travelingatorbitalspeedsofupto17,500milesperhour,cancausecatastrophicdamagetoasatelliteuponimpact.Theriskofcollisionsisfurthercomplicatedbythefactthattrackingandpredictingthetrajectories(軌道)ofthesedebrispiecesaccuratelyisextremelychallengingduetotheirlargenumbersandconstantlychangingorbits.Toaddressthisissue,scientistsandengineersaroundtheworldareexploringvariousinnovativesolutionsforspacedebrisremoval.Onesuchapproachistheuseofroboticspacecraftequippedwithadvancedcapturemechanisms.Thesespacecraftcouldbesenttostopandcapturedebris,eitherbringingthembacktoEarthtoburnupintheatmosphereorde-orbitingthemsafelytoagraveyardorbitawayfromthemainorbitalpaths.Anotherpromisingconceptistheuseoflaser-basedsystems.High-powerlasersonEarthorinspacecouldbeusedtopushdebrisintosaferorbitsorvaporizesmallerpieces.However,implementingthesesolutionsisnotwithoutitsdifficulties.Thehighcostofdevelopingandlaunchingdebris-removalspacecraft,aswellasthecomplexlegalandinternationalcooperationissuessurroundingspacedebrismanagement,aresignificantbarriers.Additionally,thereareconcernsaboutthepotentialforcreatingmoredebrisduringthedebris-removalprocessitself.Despitethesechallenges,theneedtocleanupspacedebrisisbecomingincreasinglyurgent.Asmorecountriesandprivatecompaniesplantolaunchsatellitesforvariousapplications,includingcommunication,Earthobservation,andscientificresearch,theriskofcollisionsandthedegradationofthespaceenvironmentwillonlyincreaseifthedebrisproblemisnotaddressedimmediately.32.Theunderlinedword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans________.A.newly-launched B.functioning C.inactive D.highly-advanced33.Whyisspacedebrisaseriousthreattosatellites?A.Itmovesveryfastandcancausegreatdamage. B.Itisdifficulttotrackandpredictitstrajectory.C.Itisconstantlyincreasinginlargenumbers. D.Itcandisturbthecommunicationofsatellites.34.Whatarethedifficultiesinimplementingspacedebrisremovalsolutions?A.Thelackofadvancedtechnologyandtheunwillingnessofcountriestocooperate.B.Thehighcost,complexlegalissues,andpotentialforcreatingmoredebris.C.Theinefficiencyofcurrentdebris-removalmethodsandtheshortageoffunds.D.Thelargesizeofspacedebrisandthedifficultyinstoppingandcapturingit.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Spacedebrisisanewprobleminspaceexploration.B.Scientistshavealreadyfoundeffectivewaystoremovespacedebris.C.Spacedebrisposesathreatandeffortstoremoveitfacechallenges.D.Theamountofspacedebrisisincreasingrapidly.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了太空碎片的威脅以及清理面臨的挑戰(zhàn)?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overthepastfewdecades,asspaceexplorationandsatellitedeploymenthaveincreasedmoreandmore,theamountofdebrisorbitingtheEarthhasreachedastonishinglevels.Thisdebrisconsistsofdefunctsatellites,spentrocketstages,andfragmentsfromcollisions(碰撞),allrushingthroughspaceatextremelyhighspeeds.(在過去的幾十年里，隨著太空探索和衛(wèi)星部署越來越多，環(huán)繞地球的碎片數(shù)量達(dá)到了驚人的水平。這些碎片由defunct衛(wèi)星、用過的火箭級(jí)和碰撞產(chǎn)生的碎片組成，它們都以極快的速度在太空中穿梭。)”可知，這些碎片是沒有用的東西，defunct意思是“不工作的，失去作用的”，與inactive“不活動(dòng)的，不起作用的”意思相近。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Evenasmallpieceofdebris,travelingatorbitalspeedsofupto17,500milesperhour,cancausecatastrophicdamagetoasatelliteuponimpact.(即使是一小塊碎片，以高達(dá)每小時(shí)17500英里的軌道速度運(yùn)行，在撞擊時(shí)也會(huì)對(duì)衛(wèi)星造成災(zāi)難性的破壞。)”可知，太空碎片對(duì)衛(wèi)星是嚴(yán)重威脅是因?yàn)樗苿?dòng)速度非?？觳⑶夷茉斐删薮蟮钠茐摹９蔬xA?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thehighcostofdevelopingandlaunchingdebris-removalspacecraft,aswellasthecomplexlegalandinternationalcooperationissuessurroundingspacedebrismanagement,aresignificantbarriers.Additionally,thereareconcernsaboutthepotentialforcreatingmoredebrisduringthedebris-removalprocessitself.(開發(fā)和發(fā)射清除碎片的航天器的高成本，以及圍繞太空碎片管理的復(fù)雜法律和國際合作問題，都是重大障礙。此外，人們還擔(dān)心在碎片清除過程本身中可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的碎片。)”可知，實(shí)施太空碎片清除解決方案的困難在于高成本、復(fù)雜的法律問題以及可能產(chǎn)生更多碎片。故選B。【35題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“Thepresenceofspacedebrisposesaseriousthreattooperationalsatellitesandfuturespacemissions.(太空碎片的存在對(duì)正在運(yùn)行的衛(wèi)星以及未來的太空任務(wù)構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅。)”和第三段中“Toaddressthisissue,scientistsandengineersaroundtheworldareexploringvariousinnovativesolutionsforspacedebrisremoval.(為了解決這一問題，世界各地的科學(xué)家和工程師們正在探索各種創(chuàng)新的太空碎片清除解決方案。)”可知，文章的主要內(nèi)容是太空碎片構(gòu)成威脅且清除它的努力面臨挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Lifeonfast-forwardAreyouashortvideoappuser?Ifyouare,yo