【英語】高二英語閱讀理解(教育文化)真題匯編(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

InNewYorkCitypublicschools,176differentlanguagesarespokenamongthemorethan1millionstudents.For160,000children,Englishisnottheirfirstlanguage.NewYork'sDepartmentofEducationmakeslearningbetterforthesestudentsbyprovidingdual-language(雙語)programmes.

Studentsaretaughtintwolanguages,Englishandanotherone,likeRussianorChinese.Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.

MiladyBaezisDeputyChancellorofEnglishLanguageLearnersandStudentSupport.Shesays,"Thejobsofthefuturerequirethatourstudentsknowmorethanonelanguage.Theyaregoingtobetravellingabroad;theyaregoingtobecommunicatingwithpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thiswillopendoorsforthem."

Middle-schoolersmightnothavejobsontheirmindsyet.ForKequingJaing,shelikeskeepingupherfirstlanguage,Mandarin."ItmakesmefeelthatIamhomebecauseIcanspeakinChineseandlearninChinese,whilelearninginEnglish.SoitmakesmefeelbetterandmakesmeunderstandmoreaboutthetaskI'mlearning.

AnastasiaHudikovacametotheUnitedStateswhenshewas2yearsold.ShesaystheRussian-Englishprogrammekeepsherconnectedtoherheritageandherparents.

TheNewYorkschoolsalsoofferdual-languageprogrammesinsevenotherlanguages:Arabic,French,HaitianCreole,Hebrew,Korean,PolishandSpanish.Thereareplanstoaddevenmorelanguagesinthefuture.Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.TheUSEnglishwantstomakeEnglishtheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedStates.（1）WhyaremanycoursesofpublicschoolsinNewYorkCitytaughtinbothlanguages?A.Togetthestudentstoknowtheculturesofothercountries.B.Toencouragemorestudentstogoabroadtostudyfurther.C.Toattractmorestudentstostudyinthepublicschools.D.Toshowtheadvantagesofstudyinginthepublicschools.（2）Howdoesthetextintroducethefactthatit'svitaltolearndifferentlanguages?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bylistingpeople'sattitudes.C.Byclarifyingthesituation.D.Bygivingsomenumbers.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.MorelanguageshavebeenaddedtotheNewYorkCityschools.B.It'sunnecessarytolearnmorelanguagesinNewYorkCity.C.Englishshouldbeamustthoughdifferentlanguagesaretaught.D.Englishisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.English,outofdate?B.ThenewestfashioninNewYorkCityC.TheeducationinNewYorkCityD.Dual-language,tobeornot?【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了紐約的公立學(xué)校在重視英語教學(xué)的同時(shí),還強(qiáng)調(diào)雙語教學(xué)的必要性。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.”可知,紐約公立學(xué)校的許多課程用雙語教學(xué)的目的是讓學(xué)生了解其他國家的文化風(fēng)俗。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。本文通過列舉多人的觀點(diǎn)證明了學(xué)習(xí)多種語言的必要性。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.”可知,美國的教育學(xué)家認(rèn)為盡管在學(xué)校雙語教學(xué)很流行,但是英語的地位是不能動(dòng)搖的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要講述了紐約的公立學(xué)校在重視英語教學(xué)的同時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)雙語教學(xué)的必要性，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.Evenexpertsineducationthinkthatthefirstgoalofeducationistoencouragealoveoflearning.Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.

Whyshouldtheyreadliterature?Dostorieshavevaluecomparedwiththereadingandlearningoffacts?Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.Yettherearesomanyimportantthingstolearnthatcannotbelearnedintheseways:feelings,problemsolving,dangerandrelationships,forexample.Researchintothishasshownhowdeepreadingisavaluableexperiencedifferenttoalearningofwordsorfacts.Keen(熱心的)readersof-literatureshowabetterunderstandingofothers.Theirabilitiestomakegooddecisionsareraised.Youngchildrenwhoenjoyaparentreadingstoriestothemshowgreaterawareness(意識(shí))whentheyreachschoolage.

Thebestschoolsdoseemtoprovidealimited(有限的)chancetoenjoyliterature,usuallyabouttheChineseclassicstoriesbutthereisnotenough"free"timeforstudents.Thereareenoughreadingmaterials(材料).Chinesebookshopsarefullofstorybooks,andmostofthemareofgoodquality(質(zhì)量)intermsofcontent,plot(情節(jié))andlanguage.WastherenotaChineseauthorwhoreceivedaNobelPrizeforliteraturerecently?TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromote(提升)decisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.（1）WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthewaystudentsareeducatedinChina?A.

Heisproudofit.

B.

Heisinterestedinit.C.

Hedoesn'tquiteacceptit.

D.

Heisconfidentaboutit.（2）Whichisnotamongthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningaccordingtoparagraph2?A.

Byexperience.

B.

Bytakingrisks.

C.

Byreadingdeeply.

D.

Bydoingexperiments.（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.

Readingliteraturehelpsdevelopgoodvalues.B.

Chinesestudentslikereadingstoriesastheygetolder.C.

StoriesinChinesebookstoresaregenerallyofpoorquality.D.

Chinesestudentshavenochancetoreadenoughmaterials.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Literatureisakindofart.B.

Readingliteratureshouldbevalued.C.

Goodreadingmaterialsareingreatneed.D.

SomethingiswrongwithChineseeducation.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了閱讀文學(xué)作品應(yīng)當(dāng)受到重視，以及閱讀文學(xué)作品的原因。最后作者指出文學(xué)的價(jià)值不僅有助于促進(jìn)決策制定和價(jià)值觀共享的舉措，而且有助于中國的未來。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.”因此，這里的學(xué)生的教育方式可能有問題。可知作者不太接受中國學(xué)生的教育方式。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.”研究清楚地表明，最有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法是通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)、行動(dòng)、實(shí)驗(yàn)和冒險(xiǎn)?？芍钊腴喿x的學(xué)習(xí)方法不是最有效的。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromotedecisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.”中國的教育中有一些促進(jìn)決策制定和價(jià)值觀共享的舉措。文學(xué)的價(jià)值不僅有助于這些，而且有助于中國的未來。可知閱讀文學(xué)有助于培養(yǎng)良好的價(jià)值觀。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.”許多中國人似乎忽視了閱讀文學(xué)作品的

重要性；以及最后一段中的“TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromotedecisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.”中國的教育中有一些促進(jìn)決策制定和價(jià)值觀共享的舉措。文學(xué)的價(jià)值不僅有助于這些，而且有助于中國的未來。結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為說明閱讀文學(xué)作品的重要性，故可知文章的主旨大意是閱讀文學(xué)作品應(yīng)該受到重視。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhoyouwanttobeyourfriends.

Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindofthingstheydo.

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouarefriendlyandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayawayfromascaledorangrylooking.

Oneeasywaytostallaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn'titmakeyouwanttokeeptalkingtothatperson?

Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.Who'stheirfavouritesinger,wheredotheylive,whatdotheydoafterschoolareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.Makesureyouhavesomethingtoaddtotheconversation,too.Thensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforit.Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.

Kidswhoshowaninterestinotherkidsandwhoarekindandfriendlymakegoodfriends.Remember,everyonewantstobearoundpeoplewholiketodosimilarthingsandpeoplewhoarenicetothem.（1）Thispassagegivesussomeadviceon_______.A.

howtomakefriends

B.

whoyoucanmakefriendswithC.

howtostartaconversation

D.

theimportanceofsmile（2）Mostpeopleliketomakefriendswiththose________.A.

whoaresadeveryday

B.

whosharethesameinterestC.

whoarefondoftalking

D.

whosaybadthingstothem（3）Accordingtothethirdparagraph,mostpeopleenjoytalkingtoone__________.A.

whoisalwayssmiling

B.

whoseemstobefriendlyC.

whopraisesthem

D.

whopointsouttheirshortcomings（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthispassagemean?A.

Beingveryproud.

B.

Makingnoanswer.C.

Knowingnothing.

D.

Nothopingtoanswer.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在你交朋友之前，你必須決定你想成為誰的朋友，大部分人想要叫朋友都做同樣的事情。作者介紹了如何交朋友．最快捷的方式是微笑，以贊美的方式開始話題，還要投其所好，這樣的話才能交到更多的朋友。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的”

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.

“以及第四段中的"Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeone…"可知，本文講述如何人交朋友，最快捷的方式是微笑，以贊美的方式開始話題，還要投其所好，這樣才能交到更多的朋友，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"…dothesamekindsofthingstheydo"及最后一段中的"…dosimilarthings"可知，志趣相投的人容易成為朋友，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”O(jiān)neeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.

“和某人開始交談的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法就是說他的好話。想一想,當(dāng)某個(gè)人總是說你好話的時(shí)候,你感覺有多棒?？赏浦xC。（4）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的”Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.“

當(dāng)你對(duì)別人的回答不屑時(shí)，談話就會(huì)立刻結(jié)束?？芍xB?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Whodoesn'twanttolivelifeinstyle?Lifeislikearoadonwhichyounevergetachancetoreturn,andisnotaverylongroadeither.Soweshouldtrytolivelifetothefullestandenjoyeverybitofit.

Everyindividualhasuniquelikingsandpreferences,andallofustrytolivethelivesthatsuitusbest.Theworldislikeapaintingclothonwhichdifferentpeoplewithdifferentraces,differentlanguages,anddifferentculturalbackgroundsinteract.Butamongthese,theartsprovideaneasyandnaturalwayforpeopletoconnect.

Peoplewithaknackfortheartsusuallydiscoveritinchildhood.Butartisn'tonlyforthetalented;itcanhelpeveryonegrow.Thosewithastrongartisticbackgroundareoftenmoreenergetic,andmoresuccessfulinallfieldsoflife.Artwidenstherangeofaperson'slife.

Paintingisoneofthemostpopularartforms.Thosewhoareinterestedintakingitupasacareerneedtogothroughextensivetrainingtogetfamiliarwiththevariousstyles.Professionalpaintersoftenhostartexhibitions,withartloversfromallovertheworldcomingtoseeandbuytheircreations.Sometimesthepaintingsaresoldathighprices.

Performingartsareequallypopularandadmired.Dance,instrumentalmusic,dramaandsoonrequireunusualartistictalentaswellasalongperiodofeducationandtrainingbeforeaudiencesstarttoapplaudtheperformances.Butanyonewithsomeartisticsensecanmakeartpartofhis/herlife,andbenefitfromit.（1）Peopleshouldmakethemostoflifebecause______.A.

lifeisdifficultbutenjoyabletime

B.

lifeisvaluableandordinaryC.

lifeistooshorttobewasted

D.

lifeislikearoadfulloftomorrows（2）What'sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.

Differentpeoplehavedifferentlifestyles.

B.

Differentpeopleshavedifferentcultures.C.

Artcanmakepeoplehappier.

D.

Artcanconnectpeopletogether.（3）heunderlinedword"knack"inParagraph3possiblymeans"______".A.

character

B.

ability

C.

power

D.

favour（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Howgreatartistsmakealivingbysellingtheirworks.B.

Howtoliveauniqueandcolorfullife.C.

Howtheartscontributetopeople'slives.D.

Howmuchperformingartshavetodowithtalentandeducation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，人生苦短沒有回頭路，但藝術(shù)可以把不同背景的人聯(lián)系在一起，有藝術(shù)天賦的人通常在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都會(huì)更加成功。作者還列舉了繪畫、音樂、舞蹈等藝術(shù)形式對(duì)人們生活的影響。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lifeislikearoadonwhichyounevergetachancetoreturn,andisnotaverylongroadeither.Soweshouldtrytolivelifetothefullestandenjoyeverybitofit.”可知人生沒有回頭路，而且非常短暫，我們要努力享受生活的一點(diǎn)一滴。我們不能浪費(fèi)生活，要珍惜生活給我們的一切，故選C。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butamongthese,theartsprovideaneasyandnaturalwayforpeopletoconnect.”可知藝術(shù)可以很自然地把不同背景的人聯(lián)系在一起，故選D。（3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Peoplewithaknackfortheartsusuallydiscoveritinchildhood.”可知在童年時(shí)期有藝術(shù)天賦地人就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)自己這方面的才能。與“

Butartisn'tonlyforthetalented;itcanhelpeveryonegrow.”藝術(shù)不僅對(duì)有才能的人有好處，它可以幫助所有成長(zhǎng)，是一致的。劃線詞knack意為”ability/talent“，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹的是藝術(shù)如何影響人們的生活的內(nèi)容，故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)，段落大意和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Thenexttimeyouattendasocialfunctionorgotoaplacewherepeoplemeetandinteract,takenoteofthenumberofpeoplewhohaveadoptedthesamegesturesandposture---thewayyousitorstand--ofthepersonwithwhomtheyaretalking.This"carboncopying"isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verbally(非語言的)sayingtotheother,"Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture."

Thisunconscious(無意識(shí)地)mimicryisquiteinterestingtoobserve.Take,forexample,thetwomenstandingatthehotelbar.Theyhavemirroredeachother'sgesturesanditisreasonabletoassumethattheyarediscussingatopicuponwhichtheyhavethesamethoughtsandfeelings.Ifonemanuncrosseshisarmsandlegsorstandsontheotherfoot,theotherwillfollow.Ifoneputshishandinhispockettheotherwillcopyandthismimicrywillcontinueforaslongasthetwomenareinagreement.

Thiscopyingalsooccursamonggoodfriendsorpeopleofthesamesocialpositionanditiscommontoseemarriedcoupleswalk,stand,sitandmoveinverysimilarways.Peoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutual(相互的)positions.Thesignificanceofcarboncopyingcanbeoneofthemostimportantnon-verballessonswecanlearn,forthisisonewaythatotherstellusthattheyagreewithusorlikeus.Itisalsoawayforustotellothersthatwelikethem,bysimplycopyingtheirgestures.

Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.Similarly,anup-and-comingemployeemaybeseencopyinghisboss'sgesturesinanattempttoshowagreement.Usingtheknowledge,itispossibletoinfluenceaface-to-faceencounterbycopyingthepositivegesturesandposturesoftheotherperson.Thishastheeffectofputtingtheotherpersoninareceptiveandrelaxedframeofmindandhecan"see"thatyouunderstandhispointofview.（1）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

CarbonCopying---ShowingAgreement

B.

DevelopingNon-verbalCommunicationC.

HowtoavoidCarbonCopying

D.

ProperSocialBehavior（2）Whatis"carboncopying"accordingtothepassage?A.

Toadoptidenticalgestureofothers.

B.

Torepeatwhatothershavesaid.C.

Toshowagreementwithothers.

D.

Tomockothers.（3）InwhichofthefollowinggroupsiscarboncopyingNOTfrequentlyseen?A.

Marriedcouples

B.

Peoplenotfamiliarwitheachother.C.

Goodfriends.

D.

Peopleofthesamesocialposition.（4）Whatshouldanemployerdotocreatedarelaxingatmosphereforanemployee?A.

Bepolite.

B.

Avoidcopyingtheemployee'sgesture.C.

Behelpful.

D.

Copythegestureoftheemployee.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了"carboncopying（復(fù)制）"現(xiàn)象，是指一個(gè)人通過模仿另一個(gè)人的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)，來告訴另一個(gè)人自己贊同他的想法和態(tài)度。同時(shí)列舉這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所，以及如何利用這些知識(shí)來讓對(duì)方處于一種接受和放松的心態(tài)，"看到"你理解他的觀點(diǎn)。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.”這種"復(fù)制"是指一個(gè)人告訴另一個(gè)人他同意他的想法和態(tài)度。以及文章主要圍繞"carboncopying"是通過模仿另一個(gè)人的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)來表達(dá)自己對(duì)他的贊同所展開的，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verballysayingtotheother,‘Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture.’"這種"復(fù)制"是指一個(gè)人告訴另一個(gè)人他同意他的想法和態(tài)度。通過這種方法，一個(gè)人不用語言就能對(duì)另一個(gè)人說:"你看，我和你想的一樣，所以我會(huì)模仿你的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)。"可知"carboncopying"是指采用和別人相同的手勢(shì)。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Peoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutualpositions.“然而，陌生人會(huì)盡量避免持有共同的立場(chǎng)?？芍舜瞬皇煜さ娜藗儾怀？吹?復(fù)制"現(xiàn)象。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.“如果雇主希望與雇員建立直接的友好關(guān)系，營(yíng)造輕松的氛圍，他需要模仿雇員的姿勢(shì)來達(dá)到目的。可知雇主可以通過模仿雇員的動(dòng)作，為雇員創(chuàng)造一個(gè)輕松的氣氛。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.HeservedasAmerican'sfirstpresidentfrom1789to1797.PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe"Fatherofhiscountry."

ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.HewasthemainwriteroftheDeclarationofindependencein1776.Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaplantexpert,architect,musicianandinventor.

AnotherofAmerican'sgreatestpresidents,AbrahamLincoln,isonthefive-dollarbill.Heservedasthesixteenthpresidentfrom1861until1865.HesuccessfullyledthecountrythroughtheCivilWar,savedtheUnionandendedslavery.

ThepictureofAlexanderHamiltonappearsontheten-dollarbill.Hamiltonwasneverpresident.ButhewasthefirstSecretaryoftheTreasuryandoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaneconomistandpoliticalphilosopher.

AndrewJacksonwastheseventhpresident,servingfrom1829to1837.Hesupportedpopulardemocracyandindividualliberty.Hispictureisonthetwenty-dollarbill.

Anotherpresidentisonthefifty-dollarbill.UlyssesS.Grantservedfrom1869to1877.Beforeservingaspresident,GrantwasmilitarycommanderofUnionforcesduringtheCivilWar.Underhiscommand,theUnionArmydefeatedConfederateforces.

Sowhodoyouthinkisontheonehundred-dollarbill?ItisBenjaminFranklin.Franklinwasneverelectedpresident,butwasoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaleadingwriterandprinter,politicalthinker,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,civilactivist,anddiplomat.

TheseAmericanstatesmenareonthefrontofthebills.Thebacksofthenotesshowimagesfromnation'shistoryorfamousplaces.Theyareinorder,theGreatSealoftheUnitedStates,thesigningofDeclarationofIndependenceandtheLincolnMemorial.TheothersaretheTreasuryBuilding,theWhiteHouse,theCapitolBuildingandindependenceHall.（1）ThedesignofthebillsshowsthatAmericansvaluestheirpeople's__________.A.

talentsinmanyways

B.

successintheircareersC.

inventionsinnewfields

D.

contributionstothecountry（2）Forhundredsofyears,thosehistoricmenonthebillsfoughtforthenation's____________.A.

economyandpower

B.

independenceanddemocracyC.

wealthandsuccess

D.

faithandglory（3）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

MenontheMoney

B.

theDesignofUSBillsC.

HistoryontheMoney

D.

theStoryofUSBills【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們對(duì)國家所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。（1）考查推理判斷。文章在描述每一種面值的紙幣上的人物時(shí)，都著重描寫他們對(duì)國家的作用與影響，GeorgeWashington是第一任總統(tǒng)，ThomasJefferson獨(dú)立宣言的主要起草者，AbrahamLincoln結(jié)束內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，廢除奴隸制，AlexanderHamilton第一個(gè)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)和開國元?jiǎng)字?，AndrewJackson支持大眾民主和個(gè)人自由，BenjaminFranklin開國元?jiǎng)字唬瑥亩膳袛嗝绹嗣窨粗氐氖莻ト藢?duì)這個(gè)國家做出的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe‘Fatherofhiscountry.’"；第二段中的“Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.”及下文對(duì)美元上其他人物的介紹可知，文章中提到的這些歷史上著名的人物，無論是獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，還是獨(dú)立宣言的起草與簽署都反映出他們?yōu)闋?zhēng)取國家的獨(dú)立與民主所做出的努力與犧牲。故選B。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.第二段中的ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們對(duì)國家所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Childrenshoulddohousework.That'sacontroversialidea,thoughnoteveryonewilladmitit.Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.

That'saproblem.Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.

Onesmallstudy,doneoveraperiodof25years,foundthatthebestpredictorforyoungadultssuccessintheirmid-20swaswhethertheyparticipatedinhouseholdtasksatage3or4.Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.

Butforallthattheirhelpmatters,fewkidsaredoingmucharoundthehouseatall.Inasurveyof1,000Americanadults,75percentsaidtheybelievedregularhouseworkmadekids"moreresponsible".Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.

Sportsandhomeworkarenotget-out-of-housework-freecards.Thegoal,afterall,istoraiseadultswhocanbalanceacaringroleintheirfamiliesandcommunitieswithwhateverlifetimeachievementgoalstheychoose.Houseworkteachesthatbalance.

Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don'tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou'respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou'redoingitright.Cananallowancehelp?Maybe.Butifyou'retryingtoteachkidstosharetheresponsibilityofahome,payingthemforroutinehouseworkisnottherightmessage.（1）Whatismostparents'problemwithchildrendoinghousework?A.

Theyareagainsttheidea.

B.

Theyfailtoputitintopractice.C.

Theydoubtthepossibilityofit.

D.

Theyarefindingexcusesfortheirchildren.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionthesmallstudy?A.

Tostatethereasonsforearlysuccess.B.

Togiveexamplesofsomesuccessfulpeople.C.

Toprovedoinghouseworkisbeneficial.D.

Tosuggestkidstakeresponsibilityfortheirbehavior.（3）AccordingtothesurveyofAmericanadults,howmanyofthemusedtodohouseworkaschildren?A.820.B.560.C.750.D.440.（4）Whydoestheauthorwritethelastparagraph?A.Tocriticizesomeirresponsibleparents.B.Todiscusstheimpactofagoodfamilyatmosphere.C.Toadviseparentstospendmoretimewiththeirkids.D.Toofferparentssomeadviceonassigningchildrenhousework.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者認(rèn)為孩子應(yīng)該分擔(dān)家務(wù)，這不僅有利于培養(yǎng)他們的責(zé)任心，而且能提升他們的幸福感。而且家務(wù)能夠讓孩子在家庭和社區(qū)中的關(guān)愛角色與他們選擇的任何終身成就目標(biāo)之間取得平衡，文章最后說明一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務(wù)的建議。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.”一些父母會(huì)說他們的孩子太忙了，沒有時(shí)間做家務(wù)。我們中更多的人會(huì)分配家務(wù)，或說我們相信他們，但家務(wù)就是做不完?？芍贁?shù)家長(zhǎng)覺得孩子學(xué)業(yè)太忙無暇做家務(wù)，但多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)即便認(rèn)為孩子該做家務(wù)，實(shí)際生活中也沒有很好地付諸實(shí)踐?？芍獙?duì)大多數(shù)父母來說讓孩子做家務(wù)存在的問題是他們沒有把它付諸實(shí)踐。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.”那些早期共同承擔(dān)的

責(zé)任擴(kuò)展到了他們生活的其他領(lǐng)域?？芍恼略诘诙谓榻B了孩子做家務(wù)的好處，第三段用一項(xiàng)研究具體闡釋了第二段的內(nèi)容。該研究表明，孩子幼時(shí)做家務(wù)預(yù)示著成年后較早成功，因?yàn)樽黾覄?wù)過程中培養(yǎng)出的責(zé)任感會(huì)遷移到生活的其他方面?？芍髡咛岬窖芯渴菫榱俗C明讓孩子做家務(wù)是有益的。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.”然而，82%的人稱自己在成長(zhǎng)過程中經(jīng)常做家務(wù)，而只有56%的有孩子的人稱自己需要孩子做家務(wù)?？芍瑓⑴c調(diào)查的1000個(gè)人中，82%的人說自己成長(zhǎng)過程中經(jīng)常做家務(wù)，即有820人小時(shí)候做過家務(wù)。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。最后一段中的“Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?”要讓孩子做家務(wù)時(shí)你應(yīng)該做什么?，是本段的主題句，作者在本段就“如何讓孩子參與到家務(wù)事中”向家長(zhǎng)提供了建議?？芍髡邔懙淖詈笠欢问墙o父母一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務(wù)的建議。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Stressisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhealthproblemsinmodernlife.Toomuchstressresultsinphysical,emotional,andmentalhealthproblems.

Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.Stresscanaffecttheheart.Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.Stresscanaffecttherespiratory(呼吸的)system.Itcanleadtoasthmaandcauseapersontobreathetoofast,resultinginalossofimportantcarbondioxide.Stresscanaffectthestomach.Itcancausestomachachesandproblemsofdigestingfood.Theseareonlyafewexamplesofthewiderangeofillnessesandsymptomsresultingfromstress.

Emotionsarealsoeasilyaffectedbystress.Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.Theymayhavepanicattacksandfeeltiredallthetime.Whenpeopleareunderstress,theyoftenoverreacttolittleproblems.Forexample,anormallygentleparentunderalotofstressatworkmayyellatachildfordroppingaglassofjuice.Stresscanmakepeopleangry,moody,ornervous.

Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.Depre