Unit3SeaExplorationSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguageⅠ.核心詞匯及拓展1．________n.錦標賽；聯(lián)賽2．________n.筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦3．________vt.對……征稅，使納稅n.稅；稅款4．________adj.有人控制的；需人操縱的5．________n.潛水器；可潛船6．________adv.在水下adj.水下的7．________n.珊瑚8．________n．政治；政治觀點→________adj.政治的→________n．政治家；善于玩弄權(quán)術者9．________n．職業(yè)；行業(yè)→________adj.職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的→________n．教授10．________n．混合；結(jié)合體；混合物→________vi.&vt.(使)混合；(使)融合11．________n．新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→________vt.報道；遮蓋12．________vt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞→________n．鼓掌；喝彩13．________________記者招待會；新聞發(fā)布會Ⅱ.核心詞匯講解1．mixturen．混合；結(jié)合體；混合體mixvi.&vt.(使)混合；(使)融合mix...with...把……和……混合mixup混合；混淆；弄亂?Thestoryisamagicalmixtureoffantasyandreality.這個故事是幻想與現(xiàn)實的奇妙結(jié)合。?Oilandwaterdon'tmix.油和水不相融。?Dashan,whohasbeenlearningcrosstalk,theChineseedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.相聲是中國的傳統(tǒng)喜劇形式，大山已經(jīng)在中國學習了幾十年的相聲，他想把西方傳統(tǒng)的脫口秀和相聲融合到一起。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Manyracesare________(mix)togetherinBrazil.②Don'ttrytomixbusiness________pleasure.③You'realwaysmixingme________withmytwinsister!④Thecitywasa________(mix)ofoldandnewbuildings.⑤Icamehomefromthemeetingwith________(mix)feelings.[詞義拓展]mixed可作形容詞“(感情)矛盾的，復雜的”2．coveragen．新聞報道；覆蓋范圍(1)mediacoverage媒體報道(2)covervt.遮蓋，覆蓋；包含，走完；占地；報道，足以支付?Thecloudshadspreadandcoveredtheentiresky.烏云鋪開，遮蔽了整個天空。?Believeitornot,theyoungman,thoughdisabled,managedtocoveradistanceof3mileswithin30minutes.信不信由你，盡管這位年輕人是殘疾人，但他在30分鐘內(nèi)跑完了3英里的路程。?GrasslandsinChinacoveranareaofabout400millionhectares,stretchingmorethan3,000kmfromthenortheasttothesouthwest.中國的草原占地約4億公頃，從東北到西南綿延3000多千米。?“Journalistsarenotgoingtothefieldtocoverthenewsbecauseofsafetyreasons，”Farukexplained.法魯克解釋說：“出于安全原因，記者不會去實地報道新聞。”?Andthenstudentsgetamaintenanceloanwhichhelps,likecoveringthecostofliving.然后，學生會得到一筆生活費用貸款，用來幫助他們支付生活費之類的費用。[即學即練]翻譯句子①Muchofthecountryiscoveredbysnow.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②Theywerehopingtocover40milesyesterday.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③I'djustreturnedfromcoveringawar.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④Theawardshouldbeenoughtocoverhertuitionfees.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤Thecitycovers25squaremiles.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．a(chǎn)pplaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞applaudsb.forsth.因某事而贊揚某人applaudthedecision贊成某個決定applausen.鼓掌；喝彩?Theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedtheexcellentperformance.觀眾們對精彩演出報以熱烈的掌聲。?Iapplaudthedecisiontoinstallmoresecuritycameras.我贊成要裝更多監(jiān)控攝像機的決定。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Sheshouldbeapplauded________herhonesty.②Acrowdof300supporterswarmly________(applaud)herspeech,whichwasaboutcivilrights.③Thecandidate'spromisetoimprovepublicschoolswasgreetedwithaloudroundof________(applaud)．④Everyone________(applaud)whentheplayended.[語境串記]Hisapplauseshowedheapplaudedthedecision.他的掌聲表明他贊成這個決定。DiscoverUsefulStructuresGrammar——復習動詞不定式[新知導引]誦讀下列例句并感知畫線部分的共性1．It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople.2．Shewantstobeadoctor.3．Itellhimnottogotherebybus.4．Ihavealotofworktodo.5．Hiswishistobeeascientist.6．Herunsfasttogetthereintime.7．Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelpthegirl.8．Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers'lives.9．Edison'smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.10．Idon'tliketoswimnow.11．Toseeistobelieve.12．Iforgottolockthedoor.13．Hestudieshardtomakemoney.[共性呈現(xiàn)]1．所有劃線部分均為動詞不定式，由to＋動詞原形構(gòu)成；2．動詞不定式除不能作謂語外，其余句子成分都可充當。句1、11中，劃線部分充當主語；句2、10、12中充當賓語；句3、9中充當賓補；句5、8中，充當表語；在句4、7中充當定語；在句6、13中充當目的狀語。[語法精釋]動詞不定式(to＋動詞原形)是非謂語動詞的一種形式，在句中不能單獨作謂語。不定式不受主語人稱和謂語動詞時態(tài)變化的影響。不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等。1．動詞不定式的形式變化時態(tài)變化主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)不定式的一般式todotobedone不定式的進行式tobedoing/不定式的完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的完成進行式tohavebeendoing/2.動詞不定式的否定式：not＋todo?Shepersuadedmenottogotothedangerousarea.她說服我不要去那個危險的地方。3．動詞不定式的句法功能(1)動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式(短語)作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。?Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。?Toclimbupthemountainroadiseasywhiletogodownthehillsishard.上山容易下山難。[特別注意]有時為了避免頭重腳輕，習慣上將不定式移到后面，主語由it代替，it叫作形式主語。?Itisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在這個小鎮(zhèn)要找到路很不容易。(2)動詞不定式作表語動詞不定式作表語，通常用來說明主語的具體內(nèi)容或者性質(zhì)。常見的用來作主語的名詞有aim，duty，dream，hope，idea，plan,ambition,purpose,work,job等。?Acollegecounselor'sjobistohelpstudentsadjusttocollegelife.大學輔導員的工作是幫助學生們適應大學生活。?Hisambitionistobeeanactor.他的理想是成為一名演員。有些時候，系動詞會是appear，seem，prove，turnout，remain等。?OurEnglishteacherseemstohaveknownthesecret.我們的英語老師好像已經(jīng)知道了這個秘密。?Whetherwewillsucceedornotremainstobeseen.我們能否成功仍有待觀察。[特別注意]當主語部分有動詞do或do的某種形式時，不定式作表語時通常省略to。?AllIcoulddonowiskeepsilent.我現(xiàn)在所能做的就是保持沉默。(3)動詞不定式作賓語有些動詞后面常跟動詞不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞有：hope,wish,expect,agree,promise,undertake(答應),intend,want,aim,plan,desire,arrange,manage,decide,determine,pretend,choose,offer,demand,refuse,threaten,prepare,fail等。eq\o(○,\s\up5(10))ChinahopestopromotetieswithAngolatoanewstage.中國希望把與安哥拉的關系推進到一個新的階段。eq\o(○,\s\up5(11))Davidthreatenedtoreporthisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.如果這些損失得不到賠償?shù)脑?，戴維威脅鄰居說要報警。[知識拓展]①當不定式作賓語，且后面有自己的賓語補足語時，常常用it作形式賓語，將不定式放于賓語補足語之后。常見的有這種用法的動詞有：consider,feel,find,make,think等。構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語動詞＋it＋賓補＋todo。eq\o(○,\s\up6(12))TheyallfeelitveryhardtolearnGerman.他們都認為學習德語很困難。eq\o(○,\s\up5(13))Theroughroadmakesitdifficulttogettothedestination.崎嶇不平的路使得到達目的地變得很困難。②動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但是個別介詞(如but,except)可以接不定式。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：havenochoicebuttodosth.,havenothingtodobut/exceptdosth.。此類結(jié)構(gòu)遵循“前有實義動詞do后無to”的原則。eq\o(○,\s\up5(14))Thisgirlhadnochoicebuttowait.這個女孩別無選擇，只能等待。eq\o(○,\s\up5(15))ShehasnothingtodobutwatchTV.她無事可干，只能看電視。(4)動詞不定式作賓語補足語動詞不定式可以在某些動詞后充當賓語補足語，常見的此類動詞有：ask,cause,advise,allow,forbid,permit,force,instruct,want,order,encourage,persuade,remind,request,teach,tell,urge,invite,warn,mand，enable等。以ask為例子，表達肯定意思的結(jié)構(gòu)為asksb.todosth.，表達否定意思的結(jié)構(gòu)為asksb.nottodosth.。eq\o(○,\s\up5(16))Heaskedmetogiveapresentationtotheclass.他讓我給同學們做個演講。eq\o(○,\s\up5(17))Thedoctoradvisedhimtostopsmoking.醫(yī)生建議他戒煙。[特別注意]①有些詞不能用于這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，如hope，suggest，demand,agree，decide等。②有些感官動詞和使役動詞后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，to經(jīng)常被省略。這些詞有：五看(see，watch，notice,observe，lookat)；二聽(hear,listento)；一感覺(feel)；三使役(make,have,let)。需要注意的是，當上述動詞用于被動語態(tài)時，to應還原。eq\o(○,\s\up5(18))Theteachermademewaitwhileshetalkedtootherstudents.這個老師在和其他學生談話，讓我等著。eq\o(○,\s\up5(19))Tomisalwaysworkinghard,sohedoesn'thavetobemadetostudyhard.湯姆學習一直很刻苦，所以他不必讓別人強迫他努力學習。(5)動詞不定式作定語不定式作定語一般情況下會置于被修飾詞的后面，并且與被修飾詞構(gòu)成一定的邏輯關系。①主動關系：被修飾詞是不定式的發(fā)出者。此時被修飾詞通常被only,first,next，序數(shù)詞或者形容詞的最高級修飾。eq\o(○,\s\up5(20))He'salwaysthefirstpersonoftheteamtoputforwardasolutiontoaproblem.他總是團隊里第一個提出問題解決方案的人。②被動關系：被修飾詞是動詞不定式的承受者。此時需要注意，如果動詞不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，其后需要增加必要的介詞。eq\o(○,\s\up5(21))Therearemanyinterestingthingstosee.有許多有趣的東西可以看。eq\o(○,\s\up5(22))YoumightthinkthatwithallthesedangerousanimalsAustraliaisanunsafeplacetoliveinorvisit.澳大利亞有這么多危險的動物，你也許會認為在這里居住或到這里旅游很不安全。③修飾關系：動詞不定式對所修飾的詞起到補充說明的作用。這些被修飾詞一般為：wish，way，chance，ability，decision，attempt，reason等。eq\o(○,\s\up5(23))Youshouldgrasptheabilitytosolvetheplexproblems.你應該掌握解決復雜問題的能力。eq\o(○,\s\up5(24))Therearevarietiesofwaystomakeotherslaugh.有很多種方法逗別人笑。④動詞不定式作定語有時也表示一種將來的動作。eq\o(○,\s\up5(25))WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.我們受邀參加下周五在我們俱樂部舉辦的派對。(6)動詞不定式作狀語①動詞不定式作目的狀語動詞不定式作目的狀語，有時為了強調(diào)可以加上inorder或soas，其中inordertodo可以放于句首，但是soastodo不可以放于句首。注意，當不定式置于句末表示目的的時候，不可用逗號隔開；置于句首時，一般用逗號隔開。eq\o(○,\s\up5(26))Iwritedownthesenumbersinordernotto/soasnottoforgetthem.＝Inordernottoforgetthesenumbers,Iwritethemdown.我寫下這些數(shù)字，為了不忘記它們。②動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：onlytodo結(jié)果卻做……(表示出乎意料的結(jié)果)too...todo太……以至于不能做……so/such...astodo太……以至于做……adj./adv.＋enoughtodo足夠……做……eq\o(○,\s\up5(27))Hehurriedtothetrainstationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.他匆忙趕往火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)離開了。eq\o(○,\s\up5(28))Theboxistoosmalltoholdallthesethings.這個箱子太小，不能裝下所有這些東西。eq\o(○,\s\up5(29))Wouldyoubesokindastodomeafavour?勞煩您幫我個忙好嗎？eq\o(○,\s\up5(30))Thegirlwasluckyenoughtogetatrainticket.這個女孩足夠幸運地得到了一張火車票。③動詞不定式作原因狀語動詞不定式作原因狀語通常表示一些情緒的原因，比如高興、激動、遺憾、抱歉等。eq\o(○,\s\up5(31))I'msorrytohearthebadnews.聽到這個壞消息，我很難過。4．疑問詞加動詞不定式疑問詞加動詞不定式通?？梢詳U展為一個名詞性從句。eq\o(○,\s\up5(32))Wheretogohasn'tbeendecided.＝Whereweshouldgohasn'tbeendecided.我們要到哪里去還沒定下來。[即學即練]翻譯句子/單句語法填空1．①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②Ourpurposeisnottodoitforyoubutteachyoutodoitbyyourself.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③Themagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereadingroom.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearstohavebeentoldeverything.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑥Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingonlinetosavetheirvaluabletime.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑦Wheretogoisstillaquestion.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．①________(learn)istobetterlive.②Itwaskindofyou________(give)meahelpinghand.③Todothatwouldbe________(cut)thefoottofittheshoe.④Allwehavetodois________(push)thebutton.⑤Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.⑥Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.⑦Hedidn'tlikehisintention________(laugh)at.⑧AgrowingtrendinChinanowgivescustomerstheoptions________(pay)thebillbyscanningaQRcodeorincash.⑨Ifwaterbeesincreasinglyscarceindecades________(e),watershortagewillbeeahotissueallovertheworld.⑩Jordanwasthesecondplayer________(score)morethan3,000pointsinaseason.?Themeeting________(hold)tomorrowisveryimportant.?Thereisnothing________(worry)about.?Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong________(see)thebenefit.?Manyparentsdon'ttaketheirkids'interestsandagesintoconsideration,only________(find)“Morehaste,lessspeed”—theirkids'curiosityisbeingkilled.?Tomwasproud________(choose)ascaptainofourschoolfootballteam.Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1．It'sgood________(help)otherswhentheyareintrouble.2．Themandownstairstoldthemanupstairsnot________(drop)hisshoesontotheflooratmidnightanymore.3．Thegoalofthisactivityis________(meet)theneedsofmonpeople.4．Letme________(hear)you________(play)theviolin.5．Thequestionisverydifficult________(answer)．6．Hepretended________(read)thetextwhenIcamein.7．Thesnowseemed________(blow)fromthetopofthemountain.8．Ithasbeenanhonorforme________(invite)toyourcountry.9．Iworkedhard________(pass)theexam.10．Ihadnochoicebut________(give)upthechanceofgoingabroad.Ⅱ.完成句子1．她總是第一個到校。Sheisalwa