2025年OJ平臺(tái)順序結(jié)構(gòu)試題庫(kù)及答案本文借鑒了近年相關(guān)經(jīng)典試題創(chuàng)作而成，力求幫助考生深入理解測(cè)試題型，掌握答題技巧，提升應(yīng)試能力。---一、選擇題1.以下哪個(gè)語(yǔ)句在C語(yǔ)言中是正確的聲明？A.`inta=3,b=5;`B.`float1.5=a;`C.`charptr="Hello";`D.`voidinit();`2.在以下代碼中，`sum`的最終值是多少？```cintsum=0;for(inti=1;i<=5;i++){sum+=i;}```A.10B.15C.20D.253.以下哪個(gè)循環(huán)語(yǔ)句會(huì)無(wú)限循環(huán)？A.`for(inti=0;i<10;i--){}`B.`while(1){}`C.`do{}while(0);`D.`for(inti=10;i<10;i++){}`4.以下哪個(gè)語(yǔ)句用于在C語(yǔ)言中退出函數(shù)？A.`return;`B.`exit();`C.`break;`D.`continue;`5.以下哪個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型最適合存儲(chǔ)貨幣值？A.`int`B.`float`C.`double`D.`char`---二、填空題1.在C語(yǔ)言中，用于聲明常量的關(guān)鍵字是________。2.以下代碼段中，`count`的最終值是________。```cintcount=0;for(inti=0;i<3;i++){count+=i;}```3.在C語(yǔ)言中，用于判斷兩個(gè)數(shù)是否相等的運(yùn)算符是________。4.以下代碼段中，`total`的最終值是________。```cinttotal=1;for(inti=1;i<=4;i++){total=i;}```5.在C語(yǔ)言中，用于動(dòng)態(tài)分配內(nèi)存的函數(shù)是________。---三、簡(jiǎn)答題1.解釋`for`循環(huán)和`while`循環(huán)的區(qū)別。2.說(shuō)明在C語(yǔ)言中如何使用`break`和`continue`語(yǔ)句。3.描述`malloc`和`free`函數(shù)的作用。4.解釋棧和堆的區(qū)別。5.說(shuō)明如何聲明和使用指針。---四、編程題1.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，計(jì)算1到10的所有整數(shù)之和。2.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，輸入一個(gè)整數(shù)，判斷該整數(shù)是否為偶數(shù)。3.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，使用`for`循環(huán)打印九九乘法表。4.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，使用`while`循環(huán)實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算器，可以加、減、乘、除四種運(yùn)算。5.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，動(dòng)態(tài)分配內(nèi)存存儲(chǔ)一個(gè)大小為10的整數(shù)數(shù)組，并初始化所有元素為1。---五、綜合題1.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)，可以添加、刪除、查詢(xún)和修改學(xué)生信息。每個(gè)學(xué)生信息包括姓名和年齡。2.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的圖書(shū)管理系統(tǒng)，可以添加、刪除、查詢(xún)和修改圖書(shū)信息。每本圖書(shū)信息包括書(shū)名和作者。3.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的購(gòu)物車(chē)系統(tǒng)，可以添加、刪除和修改購(gòu)物車(chē)中的商品。每件商品信息包括名稱(chēng)和價(jià)格。4.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)生成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng)，可以添加、刪除、查詢(xún)和修改學(xué)生成績(jī)。每個(gè)學(xué)生成績(jī)信息包括姓名、科目和成績(jī)。5.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)C程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的銀行管理系統(tǒng)，可以存錢(qián)、取錢(qián)和查詢(xún)賬戶(hù)余額。---答案及解析選擇題1.答案：C-A:正確的聲明。-B:錯(cuò)誤，變量名不能以數(shù)字開(kāi)頭。-C:正確的聲明。-D:錯(cuò)誤，函數(shù)聲明需要返回類(lèi)型。2.答案：B-代碼執(zhí)行過(guò)程：-i=1,sum=1-i=2,sum=3-i=3,sum=6-i=4,sum=10-i=5,sum=153.答案：B-A:i會(huì)無(wú)限遞減，但sum不會(huì)增加。-B:無(wú)限循環(huán)。-C:執(zhí)行一次循環(huán)體，然后退出。-D:i從10開(kāi)始，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)小于10，不會(huì)進(jìn)入循環(huán)體。4.答案：A-A:返回當(dāng)前函數(shù)。-B:終止程序運(yùn)行。-C:退出當(dāng)前循環(huán)。-D:跳過(guò)當(dāng)前循環(huán)的剩余部分，進(jìn)入下一個(gè)循環(huán)。5.答案：C-A:int適合存儲(chǔ)整數(shù)。-B:float適合存儲(chǔ)小數(shù)，但精度較低。-C:double適合存儲(chǔ)小數(shù)，精度較高。-D:char適合存儲(chǔ)單個(gè)字符。填空題1.答案：const-const用于聲明常量。2.答案：3-代碼執(zhí)行過(guò)程：-i=0,count=0-i=1,count=1-i=2,count=3-i=3,count=63.答案：==-用于判斷兩個(gè)數(shù)是否相等。4.答案：24-代碼執(zhí)行過(guò)程：-i=1,total=1-i=2,total=2-i=3,total=6-i=4,total=245.答案：malloc-malloc用于動(dòng)態(tài)分配內(nèi)存。簡(jiǎn)答題1.`for`循環(huán)和`while`循環(huán)的區(qū)別：-`for`循環(huán)適用于已知循環(huán)次數(shù)的情況，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)為`for(初始化;條件;更新){循環(huán)體}`。-`while`循環(huán)適用于未知循環(huán)次數(shù)的情況，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)為`while(條件){循環(huán)體}`。2.`break`和`continue`語(yǔ)句：-`break`用于退出當(dāng)前循環(huán)。-`continue`用于跳過(guò)當(dāng)前循環(huán)的剩余部分，進(jìn)入下一個(gè)循環(huán)。3.`malloc`和`free`函數(shù)的作用：-`malloc`用于動(dòng)態(tài)分配內(nèi)存，返回一個(gè)指向分配內(nèi)存的指針。-`free`用于釋放動(dòng)態(tài)分配的內(nèi)存。4.棧和堆的區(qū)別：-棧：自動(dòng)分配和釋放，內(nèi)存分配速度快，大小固定。-堆：手動(dòng)分配和釋放，內(nèi)存分配速度慢，大小可變。5.聲明和使用指針：-聲明指針：`intptr;`-使用指針：`ptr=10;`（賦值）-獲取地址：`ptr=&a;`（`a`是整數(shù)變量）編程題1.計(jì)算1到10的所有整數(shù)之和：```cinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){intsum=0;for(inti=1;i<=10;i++){sum+=i;}printf("Sum=%d\n",sum);return0;}```2.判斷整數(shù)是否為偶數(shù)：```cinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){intnum;printf("Enteraninteger:");scanf("%d",&num);if(num%2==0){printf("%diseven.\n",num);}else{printf("%disodd.\n",num);}return0;}```3.打印九九乘法表：```cinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){for(inti=1;i<=9;i++){for(intj=1;j<=i;j++){printf("%d%d=%d",j,i,ij);}printf("\n");}return0;}```4.簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算器：```cinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){charoperator;doublefirst,second;printf("Enteranoperator(+,-,,/):");scanf("%c",&operator);printf("Entertwooperands:");scanf("%lf%lf",&first,&second);switch(operator){case'+':printf("%.1lf+%.1lf=%.1lf\n",first,second,first+second);break;case'-':printf("%.1lf-%.1lf=%.1lf\n",first,second,first-second);break;case'':printf("%.1lf%.1lf=%.1lf\n",first,second,firstsecond);break;case'/':if(second!=0.0)printf("%.1lf/%.1lf=%.1lf\n",first,second,first/second);elseprintf("Divisionbyzeroisnotallowed.\n");break;default:printf("Invalidoperator!\n");}return0;}```5.動(dòng)態(tài)分配內(nèi)存存儲(chǔ)整數(shù)數(shù)組：```cinclude<stdio.h>include<stdlib.h>intmain(){intarr=(int)malloc(10sizeof(int));if(arr==NULL){printf("Memorynotallocated.\n");exit(0);}for(inti=0;i<10;i++){arr[i]=1;}for(inti=0;i<10;i++){printf("%d",arr[i]);}printf("\n");free(arr);return0;}```綜合題1.簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)：```cinclude<stdio.h>include<stdlib.h>include<string.h>structStudent{charname[50];intage;};structStudentstudents=NULL;intstudent_count=0;voidaddStudent(){structStudentnew_student;printf("Enterstudentname:");scanf("%s",new_);printf("Enterstudentage:");scanf("%d",&new_student.age);students=(structStudent)realloc(students,(student_count+1)sizeof(structStudent));students[student_count++]=new_student;}voiddeleteStudent(){charname[50];printf("Enterstudentnametodelete:");scanf("%s",name);for(inti=0;i<student_count;i++){if(strcmp(students[i].name,name)==0){for(intj=i;j<student_count-1;j++){students[j]=students[j+1];}student_count--;students=(structStudent)realloc(students,student_countsizeof(structStudent));printf("Studentdeletedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Studentnotfound.\n");}voidqueryStudent(){charname[50];printf("Enterstudentnametoquery:");scanf("%s",name);for(inti=0;i<student_count;i++){if(strcmp(students[i].name,name)==0){printf("Name:%s,Age:%d\n",students[i].name,students[i].age);return;}}printf("Studentnotfound.\n");}voidupdateStudent(){charname[50];printf("Enterstudentnametoupdate:");scanf("%s",name);for(inti=0;i<student_count;i++){if(strcmp(students[i].name,name)==0){printf("Enternewname:");scanf("%s",students[i].name);printf("Enternewage:");scanf("%d",&students[i].age);printf("Studentupdatedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Studentnotfound.\n");}intmain(){intchoice;do{printf("1.AddStudent\n");printf("2.DeleteStudent\n");printf("3.QueryStudent\n");printf("4.UpdateStudent\n");printf("5.Exit\n");printf("Enteryourchoice:");scanf("%d",&choice);switch(choice){case1:addStudent();break;case2:deleteStudent();break;case3:queryStudent();break;case4:updateStudent();break;case5:printf("Exiting...\n");break;default:printf("Invalidchoice.\n");}}while(choice!=5);free(students);return0;}```2.簡(jiǎn)單的圖書(shū)管理系統(tǒng)：```cinclude<stdio.h>include<stdlib.h>include<string.h>structBook{chartitle[100];charauthor[100];};structBookbooks=NULL;intbook_count=0;voidaddBook(){structBooknew_book;printf("Enterbooktitle:");scanf("%s",new_book.title);printf("Enterbookauthor:");scanf("%s",new_book.author);books=(structBook)realloc(books,(book_count+1)sizeof(structBook));books[book_count++]=new_book;}voiddeleteBook(){chartitle[100];printf("Enterbooktitletodelete:");scanf("%s",title);for(inti=0;i<book_count;i++){if(strcmp(books[i].title,title)==0){for(intj=i;j<book_count-1;j++){books[j]=books[j+1];}book_count--;books=(structBook)realloc(books,book_countsizeof(structBook));printf("Bookdeletedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Booknotfound.\n");}voidqueryBook(){chartitle[100];printf("Enterbooktitletoquery:");scanf("%s",title);for(inti=0;i<book_count;i++){if(strcmp(books[i].title,title)==0){printf("Title:%s,Author:%s\n",books[i].title,books[i].author);return;}}printf("Booknotfound.\n");}voidupdateBook(){chartitle[100];printf("Enterbooktitletoupdate:");scanf("%s",title);for(inti=0;i<book_count;i++){if(strcmp(books[i].title,title)==0){printf("Enternewtitle:");scanf("%s",books[i].title);printf("Enternewauthor:");scanf("%s",books[i].author);printf("Bookupdatedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Booknotfound.\n");}intmain(){intchoice;do{printf("1.AddBook\n");printf("2.DeleteBook\n");printf("3.QueryBook\n");printf("4.UpdateBook\n");printf("5.Exit\n");printf("Enteryourchoice:");scanf("%d",&choice);switch(choice){case1:addBook();break;case2:deleteBook();break;case3:queryBook();break;case4:updateBook();break;case5:printf("Exiting...\n");break;default:printf("Invalidchoice.\n");}}while(choice!=5);free(books);return0;}```3.簡(jiǎn)單的購(gòu)物車(chē)系統(tǒng)：```cinclude<stdio.h>include<stdlib.h>include<string.h>structProduct{charname[100];doubleprice;};structProductcart=NULL;intcart_count=0;voidaddProduct(){structProductnew_product;printf("Enterproductname:");scanf("%s",new_);printf("Enterproductprice:");scanf("%lf",&new_product.price);cart=(structProduct)realloc(cart,(cart_count+1)sizeof(structProduct));cart[cart_count++]=new_product;}voiddeleteProduct(){charname[100];printf("Enterproductnametodelete:");scanf("%s",name);for(inti=0;i<cart_count;i++){if(strcmp(cart[i].name,name)==0){for(intj=i;j<cart_count-1;j++){cart[j]=cart[j+1];}cart_count--;cart=(structProduct)realloc(cart,cart_countsizeof(structProduct));printf("Productdeletedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Productnotfound.\n");}voidqueryProduct(){charname[100];printf("Enterproductnametoquery:");scanf("%s",name);for(inti=0;i<cart_count;i++){if(strcmp(cart[i].name,name)==0){printf("Name:%s,Price:%.2lf\n",cart[i].name,cart[i].price);return;}}printf("Productnotfound.\n");}voidupdateProduct(){charname[100];printf("Enterproductnametoupdate:");scanf("%s",name);for(inti=0;i<cart_count;i++){if(strcmp(cart[i].name,name)==0){printf("Enternewprice:");scanf("%lf",&cart[i].price);printf("Productupdatedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Productnotfound.\n");}intmain(){intchoice;do{printf("1.AddProduct\n");printf("2.DeleteProduct\n");printf("3.QueryProduct\n");printf("4.UpdateProduct\n");printf("5.Exit\n");printf("Enteryourchoice:");scanf("%d",&choice);switch(choice){case1:addProduct();break;case2:deleteProduct();break;case3:queryProduct();break;case4:updateProduct();break;case5:printf("Exiting...\n");break;default:printf("Invalidchoice.\n");}}while(choice!=5);free(cart);return0;}```4.簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)生成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng)：```cinclude<stdio.h>include<stdlib.h>include<string.h>structStudentGrade{charname[50];charsubject[50];intgrade;};structStudentGradegrades=NULL;intgrade_count=0;voidaddGrade(){structStudentGradenew_grade;printf("Enterstudentname:");scanf("%s",new_);printf("Entersubject:");scanf("%s",new_grade.subject);printf("Entergrade:");scanf("%d",&new_grade.grade);grades=(structStudentGrade)realloc(grades,(grade_count+1)sizeof(structStudentGrade));grades[grade_count++]=new_grade;}voiddeleteGrade(){charname[50];charsubject[50];printf("Enterstudentnametodelete:");scanf("%s",name);printf("Entersubjecttodelete:");scanf("%s",subject);for(inti=0;i<grade_count;i++){if(strcmp(grades[i].name,name)==0&&strcmp(grades[i].subject,subject)==0){for(intj=i;j<grade_count-1;j++){grades[j]=grades[j+1];}grade_count--;grades=(structStudentGrade)realloc(grades,grade_countsizeof(structStudentGrade));printf("Gradedeletedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Gradenotfound.\n");}voidqueryGrade(){charname[50];charsubject[50];printf("Enterstudentnametoquery:");scanf("%s",name);printf("Entersubjecttoquery:");scanf("%s",subject);for(inti=0;i<grade_count;i++){if(strcmp(grades[i].name,name)==0&&strcmp(grades[i].subject,subject)==0){printf("Name:%s,Subject:%s,Grade:%d\n",grades[i].name,grades[i].subject,grades[i].grade);return;}}printf("Gradenotfound.\n");}voidupdateGrade(){charname[50];charsubject[50];printf("Enterstudentnametoupdate:");scanf("%s",name);printf("Entersubjecttoupdate:");scanf("%s",subject);for(inti=0;i<grade_count;i++){if(strcmp(grades[i].name,name)==0&&strcmp(grades[i].subject,subject)==0){printf("Enternewgrade:");scanf("%d",&grades[i].grade);printf("Gradeupdatedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Gradenotfound.\n");}intmain(){intchoice;do{printf("1.AddGrade\n");printf("2.DeleteGrade\n");printf("3.QueryGrade\n");printf("4.UpdateGrade\n");printf("5.Exit\n");printf("Enteryourchoice:");scanf("%d",&choice);switch(choice){case1:addGrade();break;case2:deleteGrade();break;case3:queryGrade();break;case4:updateGrade();break;case5:printf("Exiting...\n");break;default:printf("Invalidchoice.\n");}}while(choice!=5);free(grades);return0;}```5.簡(jiǎn)單的銀行管理系統(tǒng)：```cinclude<stdio.h>include<stdlib.h>include<string.h>structAccount{characcount_number[20];doublebalance;};structAccountaccounts=NULL;intaccount_count=0;voidaddAccount(){structAccountnew_account;printf("Enteraccountnumber:");scanf("%s",new_account.account_number);new_account.balance=0.0;accounts=(structAccount)realloc(accounts,(account_count+1)sizeof(structAccount));accounts[account_count++]=new_account;}voiddeleteAccount(){characcount_number[20];printf("Enteraccountnumbertodelete:");scanf("%s",account_number);for(inti=0;i<account_count;i++){if(strcmp(accounts[i].account_number,account_number)==0){for(intj=i;j<account_count-1;j++){accounts[j]=accounts[j+1];}account_count--;accounts=(structAccount)realloc(accounts,account_countsizeof(structAccount));printf("Accountdeletedsuccessfully.\n");return;}}printf("Accountnotfound.\n");}voiddeposit(){characcount_number[20];doubleamount;printf("Enteraccountnumbertodeposit:");scanf("%s",account_number);printf("Enteramounttodeposit:");scanf("%lf",&amount);for(inti=0;i<account_count;i++){if(strcmp(accounts[i].account_number,account_number)==0){accounts[i].balance+=amount;printf("Amountdepositedsuccessfu