Unit9GreatWriters

ComprehensiveEnglish(Book3)Unit9

GreatWritersUnit9:LearningGoalsInthisunit,studentsshouldbeableto:—befamiliarwithsomegreatwriters;—getsomeknowledgeofMayaAngelou;—beclearofparallelstructureandcompoundwordinEnglish;Unit9:ContentsPartOneNavigationandExploration

PartTwo

ConsolidationandApplication

PartThree

Extension,AppreciationandCreationPartOneMainmenuExploration(4)Exploration(DifficultSentencesoftheText)Exploration

(LanguagePointsoftheExtension)NavigationExplorationExploration(1,2)Exploration

(BackgroundKnowledge)Exploration(3)Exploration(ASynopsisoftheText)PartOne:NavigationUsethewordsandphraseslistedheretomakeashortparagraphandshareitwithyourpartners.althoughtechnologicalagereadingbooksgreatwritersAmericaexplorestillinfluentialcriteriaAlthoughweliveinatechnologicalageinwhichwearecontinuallybombardedwithsoundsandimagesfromeveryangle,readingbooksisstillkeyinoursociety.Ithasbeensoforcenturies;thegreatwritersofhumanityputtheirideasintowritingforthebenefitofall.AndAmericahasproducedaplethoraofgreatartistswhosemusingsarestillstudiedtoday.Duetothelargenumbersofgreatmenandwomentochoosefrom,weonlycanexploresomemostinfluentialwritersaccordingtosomecriteriajustas“HavebeenbornintheU.S?”“Beestimatedbyhis/herpeers?”“Havehis/herworkstudied?”etc.PartOne:Navigation2.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.Throughoutourlifetimewemayencountermanyadversities:unabletopayfortheeducation,obstaclesinstudiesandevenphysicaldisabilities…Inthefaceofadversity,wearefrequentlyencouragedorenlightenedbyfamousremarksfromcelebrities.Accordingtoyourexperiences,whoseremarkshaveeveraffectedyou?Findatleast5famousremarksonthetopicof“adversityandlife”fromthosegreatBritishorAmericanwritersandsharethemwithyourpartner.Whatdoyouthinkofthepositiveeffectofadversityorfailureonaperson’slife?

PartOne:NavigationHerearesomefamousremarksonthetopicof“adversityandlife”fromthegreatBritishorAmericanwriters.Mishapsarelikeknivesthateitherserveusorcutusaswegraspthembythehandleorblade.(JamesRussellLowell,AmericanPoetessAndCritic)災難就像刀子，握住刀柄就可以為我們服務，拿住刀刃則會割破手。(美國女詩人、批評家洛威爾)Themisfortuneshardesttobeararethosewhichnevercome.(JamesRussellLowell,AmericanPoetessandcritic)最難忍受的不幸是那些從未來臨的不幸。(美國女詩人、評論家洛威爾)PartOne:NavigationSweetaretheusesofadversity.(WilliamShakespeare,BritishPlaywriter)苦盡甘來。(英國劇作家莎士比亞)TheChinesewordforcrisisisdividedintotwocharacters,onemeaningdangerandtheothermeaningopportunity.(Burejer,BritishWriter)中文的“危機”分為兩個字，一個意味著危險，另外一個意味著機會。(英國作家布瑞杰)Althoughtheworldisfullofsuffering,itisfullalsooftheovercomingofit.(HellenKeller,AmericanWriter)雖然世界多苦難，但是苦難總是能戰(zhàn)勝的。(美國作家海倫?凱勒)PartOne:NavigationThetragedyoflifeisnotsomuchwhatmensuffer,butwhattheymiss.(ThomasCarlyle,BritishEssayistAndHistorian)生活的悲劇不在于人們受到多少苦，而在于人們錯過了什么。(英國散文家、歷史學家卡萊爾)Asfruitneedsnotonlysunshinebutcoldnightsandchillingshowerstoripenit,socharacterneedsnotonlyjoybuttrialanddifficultytomellowit.(HughBlack,Americanwriter)水果不僅需要陽光，也需要涼夜。寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的性格陶冶不僅需要歡樂，也需要考驗和困難。(美國作家布萊克)PartOne:NavigationInthisworldthereisalwaysdangerforthosewhoareafraidofit.(GeorgeBernadShaw,BritishDramastist)對于害怕危險的人，這個世界上總是危險的。(英國劇作家肖伯納)Itisnottruesufferingennoblesthecharacter;happinessdoesthatsometimes,butsuffering,forthemostpart,makesmenpettyandvindictive.(WilliamSomersetMaugham,Britishnovelist)說苦難能使人格得到升華，這是不確切的；幸福有時倒能做到這一點，而苦難常會使人心胸狹窄，產(chǎn)生復仇的心理。(英國小說家毛姆)Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetgoing.(S.Caroline,Britishwriter)艱難之路，唯勇者行。（英國作家卡羅琳）PartOne:Navigation3.CompletethefollowinggridonAmericanwritersandliteraryworksaccordingtoyourexistingknowledge.WriterLifeTimeLiteraryWorks(English)LiteraryWorks(Chinese)WilliamFaulkner1897-1962TheMarbleFaun《云石林神》

TheSoundandtheFury《憤怒與喧囂》

LightinAugust《八月之光》MartinLutherKingJr1929-1968IHaveaDream《我有一個夢想》

StrideTowardFreedom;《邁向自由》

StrengthtoLove《愛的力量》

DoWeGofromHere,ChaosorCommunity?《今后我們何去何從，紛爭還是團結？》PartOne:NavigationMayaAngelou1928-2014GiveMeaCoolDrinkofWater'ForeIDie《在我死前給我一口冷水吧》

OnthePulseofMorning《早上的脈搏》

IKnowWhytheCagedBirdSings《我知道籠中的鳥兒為何歌唱》

StillIRise《我依然屹立不倒》PartOne:NavigationWashingtonIrving1783-1859AHistoryofNewYork《紐約的歷史》

TheLegendofSleepyHollow《睡谷的傳說》

BracebridgeHall《布雷斯布里奇田莊》

TheSketchBook《見聞札記》WaltWhitman1819-1892LeavesofGrass《草葉集》

SongoftheBroad-Axe《闊斧之歌》

TheTrampandStrikeQuestion《流浪漢和罷工問題》

SongofMyself《自我之歌》PartOne:Exploration(1,2)1.Listenforgist:Listentothetextwithoutreferringtoitanddecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthetext.()Angelouisbestknownforherseriesofsevenautobiographies,whichfocusonherchildhoodandearlyadultexperiences.AsanAfricanAmerican,Angelouhasexperiencedalotandhasmadeagreatcontributiontothehumanity.Angelouneverforgetsthepeoplewhogaveherlife,soshesupportstoimprovethelivesofwomenandchildren.MostpeoplecallherDr.Angeloujustbecausesheisaseriousscholarandformidableintellectualthinker.BPartOne:Exploration(1,2)2.Listenforfacts:Listentothetextagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)①MayaAngelouisanAfricanAmericanwoman.()②Shehasrecitedapoematpresidentialinauguralceremony.()③ThePresidentforwhomAngelouhasrecitedapoemisBarackHusseinObama.()④Shealwayskeepsadeckofcardscloseforthemanygamersofsolitaire.()

Totheleftonthewallthereisherparentalgrandfather.()TTFFTPartOne:

BackgroundKnowledgeMayaAngelouBornonApril4,1928-May28,2014,sheanAmericanpoet,memoirist,andcivilrightsactivist.Shepublishedsevenautobiographies,threebooksofessays,severalbooksofpoetry,andwascreditedwithalistofplays,movies,andtelevisionshowsspanningover50years.Shereceiveddozensofawardsandmorethan50honorarydegrees.Angelouisbestknownforherseriesofsevenautobiographies,whichfocusonherchildhoodandearlyadultexperiences.Thefirst,I

KnowWhytheCagedBirdSings(1969),tellsofherlifeuptotheageof17andbroughtherinternationalrecognitionandacclaim.1.MayaAngelouPartOne:

BackgroundKnowledge

WilliamJeffersonClintonisanAmericanpoliticianwhoservedasthe42ndPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1993to2001.Clintonwasthe40thGovernorofArkansasfrom1979to1981andthe42ndGovernorfrom1983to1992,andArkansasAttorneyGeneralfrom1977to1979.AmemberoftheDemocraticParty,ideologicallyClintonwasaNewDemocrat,andmanyofhispoliciesreflectedacentrist“ThirdWay”politicalphilosophy.2.WilliamJeffersonClintonPartOne:

BackgroundKnowledge

legalpadAccordingtoalegend,ThomasW.HolleyofHolyoke,Massachusetts,inventedthelegalpadaroundtheyear1888whenheinnovatedtheideatocollectallthesortings,varioussortofsubstandardpaperscrapsfromvariousfactories,andstitchthemtogetherinordertosellthemaspadsatanaffordableandfairprice.Inabout1900,thelatterthenevolvedintothemodernlegalpadwhenalocaljudgerequestedforamargintobedrawnontheleftsideofthepaper.Thiswasthefirstlegalpad.3.legalpadPartOne:

BackgroundKnowledgelonghandItisastyleofpenmanshipinwhichsomecharactersarewrittenjoinedtogetherinaflowingmanner,generallyforthepurposeofmakingwritingfaster.Sometimes,itisalsoknownasscriptorcursive.4.longhandPartOne:

BackgroundKnowledgeHallmarkItisaprivatelyownedAmericancompanybasedinKansasCity,Missouri,andfoundedin1910byJoyceHall.HallmarkisthelargestmanufacturerofgreetingcardsintheUnitedStates.In1985,thecompanywasawardedtheNationalMedalofArts.5.HallmarkPartOne:

BackgroundKnowledgeWakeForestUniversityWakeForestUniversityisaprivate,independent,nonprofit,nonsectarian,coeducationalresearchuniversityinWinston-Salem,NorthCarolina,foundedin1834.TheuniversityreceiveditsnamefromitsoriginallocationinWakeForest,northofRaleigh,NorthCarolina,thestatecapital.TheReynoldaCampus,theuniversity’smaincampus,hasbeenlocatednorthofdowntownWinston-Salemsincetheuniversitymovedtherein1956.TheWakeForestBaptistMedicalCentercampushastwolocations:theolderonelocatedneartheArdmoreneighborhoodincentralWinston-Salem,andthenewercampusatWakeForestInnovationQuarterdowntown.TheuniversityalsooccupieslabspaceatBiotechPlazaatInnovationQuarter,andattheCenterforNanotechnologyandMolecularMaterials.TheUniversity’sGraduateSchoolofManagementmaintainsapresenceonthemaincampusinWinston-SalemandinCharlotte,NorthCarolina.6.WakeForestUniversityPartOne:

BackgroundKnowledgeWinston-SalemItisacityinandthecountyseatofForsythCounty,NorthCarolina,UnitedStates.Witha2015estimatedpopulationof241,218,itisthesecondlargestmunicipalityinthePiedmontTriadregionandthefifthlargestcityinthestate.Winston-Salemishometothetallestofficebuildingintheregion,100NorthMainStreet,formerlytheWachoviaBuildingandnowknownlocallyastheWellsFargoCenter.7.Winston-SalemPartOne:Exploration(3)3.Checkyourcomprehension:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.WhatdoesAngeloudowhenshewasmuchyoung?SheisadancerandsingerintheatersandnightclubswhenMayaAngelouwasmuchyoung.2)Whichistheuniversitywheresheholdsalifetimechairandstudentscompetesforadmissiontoherseminarseries?

WakeForestUniversityinWinston-Salem,NorthCarolina.3)HowdoyouthinkofthatAngelouisamultilingual?Sheismultilingual,fluentinFrench,Spanish,Fanti,Italian,andArabic—areflectionofanativegift,ahighlytunedearandappreciationforthenuancesoflanguage,andofherkeendesiretoliveintheworld.PartOne:Exploration(3)4)Whatarethethreebooksshereadmostfrequently?Athesaurus,adictionary,andaBiblearethethreebooksshereadmostfrequently.5)Whydothepeoplecallheracivilrightactivist?Becauseshedevotesallherlifetoimprovingthelivesofwomenandchildren,championingeducation,racial,gender,social,andeconomicjustice,humanrights,andpeace.PartOne:Exploration(4)4.Thinkcritically.

1.ComparedtoAngelou’sskillinkitchen,whatdoyouthinkofChinesegreatwriters?Aretheyskilledatthat,too?

2.AsanAfricanAmericanwoman,howdoessherealizetheconstructionofblacksubjectiveidentity?

PartOne:Exploration(SynopsisoftheText)ASynopsisoftheTextThisarticle,athird-personnarration,tellsthefactualaccountofMayaAngelou.Atfirst,thewritergivessomebriefremarkstoher,andthenrecordshergreatcontributiontothehumanityinherrichlifewhenAngelouactsasapoet,writer,andanautobiographer.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText1.

She’sthetall,imposingcocoa-skinnedwomanstandinginthewinter’schill…inaugurationasPresidentoftheUnitedStates.(para.1)OnthefirstinaugurationofWilliamJeffersonClinton,thepoetMayaAngeloustandsinthecoldwinterrecitesthepoemwhichremindsthenationanditsleadersoftheweak,thesickandthelike,andthehopeofhumankind.

imposing:grandandimpressiveinappearance;impressivetolookat;makingastrongimpressione.g.Thesecondmanwassmallerinstature,butheldamuchmoreimposingpresence.fragility:thequalityofbeingweakandlikelytobecomeill/sicke.g.Suchexampleshintatthefragilityofaglobalizedworld.inauguration:theformaladmissionofsomeonetoofficee.g.TheinaugurationofthePresidentisannouncedforFriday.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText2.She’sthewritersharinghard-earnedwisdom…sayYes!tolife.(Para.1)Asawriter,MayaAngelousharesherwisdom,thetruthsshehasexperienced,andencouragesherreadertofacethelife(suchastolaugh,todare,tostrive,todream,tolove,tosayYes!tolife).hard-earned:thatyougetonlyafteralotofworkandefforte.g.hard-earnedcashWefinallymanagedahard-earneddraw.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText

3.Theautobiographerwhosefrankthoughtfulsharingofherlife’sjourneycontinuestocaptivate,challenge,andinspirereadersofallagesaroundtheworld.(Para.1)captivate:tokeepsomebody’sattentionbybeinginteresting,attractive,etc.e.g.TheallureandcharmofPariscaptivateallwhovisitthere.4.Themuchsoughtafterspeakerurgingheraudiencestoowntheirtruths,claimtheirvoices,andfullyembracetheirlives.(Para.1)AmongtheaudiencesMayaAngelouisverypopularasaspeaker,whoencouragesheraudiencestohavetheirtruths,speakoutorexpresstheirthinking,andacceptandlovetheirlives.soughtafter:wantedbymanypeople,becauseitisofverygoodqualityordifficulttogetortofinde.g.Governmentbondswereamongthemostsought-afterfinancialinvestmentsfollowingyesterday’sattacks.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheTextembrace:theactofacceptinganidea,aproposal,asetofbeliefs,etc,especiallywhenitisdonewithenthusiasm;anactofputtingyourarmsaroundsomebodyasasignofloveorfriendship5.Hermessagesaffirmoursharedhumanity,thehumanexperience,andthesacrednessoflife.(Para.1)sacredness:thequalityofbeingconnectedwithGodoragodorofbeingholy;thequalityofbeingveryimportantandneedingtobetreatedwithgreatrespecte.g.Instead,maintaindistanceandretainthesacrednessofcommunication.6.Hervoice--hotchocolatesmooth,melodiousandwelcoming—holdslistenersspellbound.(para.1)ThevoiceofMayaAngelouisassmoothasthehotchocolate,aspleasingasthemusicalsoundormelody,towhichallthelistenerspayallattentionorlovetolisten.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheTextmelodious:havingamusicalsound;especiallyapleasingtunee.g.Sleepingamidstnatureandwakinguptothemelodiousmorningragasofthelittlebirdsmaysoundlikeafar-fetcheddream.spellbound:withyourattentioncompletelyheldbywhatyouarelisteningtoorwatchinge.g.Likeachildwithashinytoy,anumberoragraphcanholdpeoplespellbound,nomatterwhatisbeingmeasured.7.She’sthelovingmotherofoneson,aproudgrandmother,andwise,dotinggreatgrandmother.(Para.3)doting:showingalotofloveforsomebody,oftenignoringtheirfaultse.g.Interviewswithhermother’sfriendsrevealedapictureofadotingparentwhowasindustriousandcivic-minded.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText8.She’sawomanwithagrandpassionforlifethatshe’ssharedwithhusbandsandsoulmates,withfamily,chosenkin,andanenduringever-expandingcircleoffriends;shelivesthelifeshesingsaboutonthepagetothefullest.(Para.3)soulmates:

apersonthatyouhaveaspecialfriendshipwithbecauseyouunderstandeachother’sfeelingsandinterests;someoneforwhomyouhaveadeepaffinitye.g.WilliamandKatelooklikesoulmates–maytheylastalifetimetogether.9.Herskillinthekitchenisthestuffoflegend—fromhautecuisinetodown-homecomfortfood—andthesourceofgreatpleasureforboththecookandthoseinvitedtoshare.(Para.3)down-home:

usedtodescribeapersonorthingthatremindsyouofasimplewayoflife,typicalofthecountry,notthetowne.g.Taipeiboastsawidevarietyofscrumptious,regionalChinesecuisinesandafewdown-homespecialties,allofwhichstemfromtheisland’shistory.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText10.Sheisthecreatorofaverysuccessful,specialcollectionofproductsforHallmarkthatrangesfromgreetingcardstodecorativeaccessoriesinthesumptuousfabricsandjewelcolorsthatsheloves.(Para.4)decorativeaccessories:[usuallyplural]anextrapieceofequipmentthatisusefulbutnotessentialorthatcanbeaddedtosomethingelseasadecoratione.g.Salesofmaterialsincludeallkindsofstainlesssteelpipes,plates,doorhandles,doorstopsandvariousdecorativeaccessories.sumptuous:veryexpensiveandlookingveryimpressivee.g.Butinside,itwasfittedwithelectricwindows--rareforthetime--powersteering,sumptuousleatherseatsandadecentsoundsystem.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText11.Herpassionfortheaterandfilmisundiminished.(Para.4)MayaAngelou’spassionfortheaterandfilmdoesnotbecomeweaker.undiminished:thathasnotbecomesmallerorweakere.g.Ourresolutiontocompletetheworkwehavestartedisundiminished.12.Aseriousscholarandformidableintellectualthinker,she’severcurious,opentolearning,tonewideas,toquestions.(Para.5)formidable:

extremelyimpressiveinstrengthorexcellence;inspiringfeare.g.Perhapsthebuildershadheardofanew,formidableenemythattheyhadnot.

PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText13.She’savoraciousandeclecticreaderandaconnoisseuroflibraries.(Para.5)MayaAngelouisareaderwantingalotofnewinformationandknowledge,butshedoesnotfollowonestyleofbooks—selectivereading,andsheisanexperttothebooks.voracious:wantingalotofnewinformationandknowledgee.g.Buthismothertaughthimtoreadearly,andhebecameavoraciousreader.eclectic:notfollowingonestyleorsetofideasbutchoosingfromorusingawidevarietye.g.Hishouseisaneclecticmixtureoftheantiqueandthemodern.connoisseur:anexpertonmattersinvolvingthejudgementofbeauty,qualityorskillinart,foodormusice.g.Onlytherealconnoisseurcouldtellthedifferencebetweenthesetwowines.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText14.Shealwayskeepsadeckofcardscloseforthemanygamesofsolitaire—playedtooccupyher“LittleMind”andfreeupher“bigmind.”(Para.9)MayaAngeloualwayskeepsadeckforcardgamesinordertofreshhermindbyplayingthegamenowandthen,herethe“l(fā)ittlemind”referstotheoneoccupiedbythecardgame,whilethe“bigmind”referstotheonedevotedtootherbigorimportantthings.solitaire:acardgameforonlyoneplayerinwhichyouremovepiecesfromtheirplacesonaspecialboardaftermovingotherpiecesoverthem.Theaimistofinishwithonlyonepieceleftontheboard.e.g.Itismorelikeanattempttopassthetime--likeagameofsolitaire,orflippingacoin.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText15.Amongthebookstherearethreewell-thumbedconstants:athesaurus,adictionary,andaBible.(Para.9)Thethreebooks(thesaurus,dictionary,andBible)arethoseshereadsmostfrequently.well-thumbed:

havingbeenreadmanytimese.g.Intimaterelationshipswerelimitedtoastackofoldmagazineswithwell-thumbedpages,whichhekeptonthefloorbeneathhiscot.thesaurus:abookcontainingaclassifiedlistofsynonymse.g.Wiktionaryisnownotonlyadictionarybutalsoathesaurusandalsoincludesetymologies,pronunciations,samplequotations,synonyms,antonymsandtranslations.PartOne:DifficultSentencesoftheText16.Totheleftthereisherpaternalgrandmother,AnnieHenderson,astudyinserenity;totherighthermother,VivianBaxter,hervivaciousspiritshiningthrough;andbelow,thesolemn,unflinchinggazeofherpaternalgreat-grandmother,KentuckyShannon:threewomen,alliron-willed,powerfulspirits,whointheirtimedaredtostandtheirgroundandclaimtheirlives.(Para.10)vivacious:

(especiallyofawoman)havingalively,attractivepersonalitye.g.Clappingyourhandswhenyoudancemayindicatethatyou'reanextroverted,outgoing,vivacioustypewholovestobethecenterofthesocialscene.unflinching:

remainingstronganddetermined,eveninadifficultordangeroussituatione.g.Theancientpeoplewhowassuccessful,notonlyhadexceptionaltalentbutalsohadunflinchingwill.

iron-willed:

havingthewillofirone.g.Heisiron-willedandstandsfirm.17.MayaAngelouneverforgetsthepeoplewhogaveherlife,thebloodlinesheshares,thespirituallegacyshecarries.(Para.10)MayaAngeloualwaysremembersthepeoplewhogaveherlife,andcarriesforwardtheexcellentspiritsfromherancestors.PartOne:LanguagePointsoftheExtension1.ThewomanOprahcallsmentor-mother-sister-friendofferswisewordsabouttherootsofconfidence,thetroublewithmodestyandhowtodotheimpossible.(Para.1)FortheirfriendshipbetweenOprahandMayaAngelou,OprahregardsMayaAngelouashermentor,mother,sisterandfriend,whohasofferedOprahwisewordsaboutlife,eveneverything.2.MeetingMayaonthosepageswaslikemeetingmyselfinfull.(Para.1)

Theauthorsaysthattheybothsharesomesimilarexperienceintheirlives.pages:(literary)animportanteventorperiodofhistoryorone’slifee.g.Theseyearswillberememberedassomeofthefinestpagesinourcountry'shistory.PartOne:LanguagePointsoftheExtension3.Forthefirsttime,asayoungblackgirl,myexperiencewasvalidated.(Para.2)validated:toprovethatsomethingistrue;tomakesomethinglegallyvalide.g.Hisdiscoveryseemstovalidatetheclaimsofpopularastrology.4.She’sthewomanwhocansharemytriumphs,chidemewithhardtruthandsoothemewithwordsofcomfortwhenIcallherinmydeepestpain.(Para.3)chide:

tocriticizeorblamesomebodybecausetheyhavedonesomethingwronge.g.Howcanyouchideyourteenagerforignoringyouinfavorofavideogameifyou'realwayscheckingyouriPhoneforworkmessages?soothe:

tomakesomebodywhoisanxious,upset,etc.feelcalmer;tomakeatenseorpainfulpartofyourbodyfeelmorecomfortablee.g.Buttheancientpracticecandomorethanjustsootheyoursoul:Itmayalsosharpenyourmemory.5.ShebecameacelebratedcalypsosingeranddancerinaSanFranciscocabaret.(Para.5)calypso:

asongaboutacurrentsubject,sunginastylewhichoriginallycomesfromtheWestIndiesPartOne:LanguagePointsoftheExtensioncabaret:

arestaurantorclubwherecabaretentertainmentisperformede.g.Helenmadeasuccessfulcareerincabaret.6.Inthelate1950sshemovedtoNewYorkandtookpartintheHarlemWritersGuildandbefriendedliterarygreatssuchasJamesBaldwin,wholaterencouragedhertotellherstoryinCagedBird.(Para.5)HarlemWritersGuild:theoldestorganizationofAfrican-Americanwriters,foundedin1950byJohnOliverKillens,RosaGuy,JohnHenrikClarke,WillardMooreandWalterChristmas.JamesBaldwin:(August2,1924–December1,1987)wasanAmericannovelist,essayist,playwright,poet,andsocialcritic.Hisessays,ascollectedinNotesofaNativeSon(1955),explorepalpableyetunspokenintricaciesofracial,sexual,andclassdistinctionsinWesternsocieties,mostnotablyinmid-20th-centuryAmerica,andtheirinevitableifunnameabletensions.PartOne:LanguagePointsoftheExtension7.In1961shemovedtoCairo,wheresheworkedattheArabObserver,andafewyearslatershewenttoGhanatoteachattheUniversityofGhana’sSchoolofMusicandDrama.(Para.5)ArabObserver:anEnglish-languageweeklynewsmagazinepublishedfromCairo,Egypt.Itwaspublishedbetweentheyearsof1960and1966.Atthetime,itwasoneoftheonlyEnglish-languagepublicationsfromtheMiddleEast.Althoughnotofficiallyastateorgan,itgenerallyfollowedthepoliticalorthodoxyofthetime.8.TodayMayaisakindofquintessentialEverywoman.(Para.6)TodayMayaisaperfectexampleofanordinarywoman.quintessential:representingtheperfectexampleofsomethinge.g.Itisafamiliar,andquintessentiallyJapaneseritual.everywoman:anordinaryortypicalwomane.g.Pardonme,butwhatdoyouknowabouttherealitiesofEverywoman’slife?PartOne:LanguagePointsoftheExtension9.In1993shebecamethefirstpoetsinceRobertFrostin1961towriteandreciteapoematapresidentialinauguralceremony—aperformanceforwhichshewonaGrammyforBestNon-MusicalAlbum.(Para.6)RobertFrost:HeisanAmericanpoetandhisworkwasinitiallypublishedinEnglandbeforeitwaspublishedinAmerica.HeishighlyregardedforhisrealisticdepictionsofrurallifeandhiscommandofAmericancolloquialspeech.Grammy:

ItisanhonorawardedbyTheRecordingAcademytorecognizeoutstandingachievementinthemainlyEnglish-languagemusicindustry.Theannualpresentationceremonyfeaturesperformancesbyprominentartists,andthepresentationofthoseawardsthathaveamorepopularinterest.ItsharesrecognitionofthemusicindustryasthatoftheotherperformanceawardssuchastheEmmyAwards(television),theTonyAwards(stageperformance),andtheAcademyAwards(motionpictures).10.IremindherofthetimeafewyearsagowhensomeoneinherhometoldaderogatoryjokeandshedoledoutwhatIcallaskinning—thesharpwordsofcorrectionshewillgiveanyonewhodemeansherorotherswhileinherpresence.(Para.8)derogatory:

showingacriticalattitudetowardssomebody;expressingthelowopinione.g.Itistheuseofderogatorylanguageorwordsthatcarryanegativeconnotationwhendescribinganenemy.PartOne:LanguagePointsoftheExtensiondoledout:(informal)togiveoutanamountoffood,money,etc.toanumberofpeopleinagroupe.g.TheRedCrossflewtotheareaoftheearthquake,readytodoleoutsuppliesoffood,waterandmedicine.PartTwoConsolidationConsolidation:AVocabularyConsolidation:BSentenceConsolidation:CGrammarConsolidation:DClozeApplication