2025屆云浮市云安區(qū)高三第二次調(diào)研模擬測(cè)試高三英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheOxfordTraditionSummerSchoolforGrades10-12ChooseTheOxfordTraditionprogramifyou’reahighschoolstudentseekinganimmersive(沉浸式的)academicexperienceattheUniversityofOxford.It’ssuitedforstudentswhodesiretochallengethemselvesmentallyandculturallyinahistoricacademicenvironment.Thisprogramoffersstudentsauniqueopportunitytoexperiencelifeatoneoftheworld’smostfamousuniversities.Studentsliveinactualundergraduateroomsandengageinadynamiccurriculumledbyleadingacademicsandprofessors.Thecourseincludesclassroominstruction,workshops,fieldtrips,andotherorganizedactivities.FeaturesRespectedTeachers:LearnfromdistinguisheduniversityprofessorsandexpertsinvariousfieldsEngagingSubjects:ChoosefromawiderangeofcoursesInteractiveLearning:Participateinlivelydebates,discussions,andhands-onprojectsInspiringLocation:Studyintheworld-famousUniversityofOxfordInternationalPerspective:Interactwithstudentsfromdiversebackgrounds,promotingglobalunderstandingCulturalExploration:ImmerseyourselfintherichhistoryandheritageofyourchosenprogramlocationAcademicGrowth:Developcriticalthinking,research,andpresentationskills,preparingforfutureacademicsuccessWhat’sIncluded?AlltuitionandclassmaterialsAccommodation,breakfastanddinnerAirporttransfersFullculturalandactivitiesprogramme,includingshortjourneysaroundDates&FeesFees:$12,225Dates:July-August2025Duration:25daysAgeRange:15-18SignificanceAttheendoftheprogram,studentsreceivedetailedgradereports,valuablefortheircollegeapplications.Thiscourseisnotjustaneducationaljourney;it’salifeexperience,combiningworld-classeducationwithculturalimmersionintheheartofOxford.1.Whatisonecharacteristicofthesummerschoolprogram?A.Interactingwithuniversitystudents. B.Providingacomprehensivecollegeexperience.C.Trainingforindependentlife. D.Ensuringstudents’academicsuccess.2.Howcanstudentsexploreaculturaldestination?A.Theylearnfromexperts. B.Theyparticipateindebates.C.Theyvisithistoricalsites. D.Theycommunicatewithlocals.3.Whatcanstudentsbenefitfromtheprogram?A.Evaluationusefulforcollegeapplication. B.FamiliaritywiththeBritishculture.C.Workingexperienceincutting-edgefields. D.AdmissiontotheUniversityofOxford.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章為牛津傳統(tǒng)暑期學(xué)校項(xiàng)目的廣告，旨在吸引10至12年級(jí)的高中生沉浸式體驗(yàn)牛津大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)生活?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisprogramoffersstudentsauniqueopportunitytoexperiencelifeatoneoftheworld’smostfamousuniversities.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目為學(xué)生提供了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)體驗(yàn)世界上最著名的大學(xué)之一的生活。)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目為學(xué)生們提供了在世界上最著名的大學(xué)之一體驗(yàn)生活的機(jī)會(huì)。由此可以推斷出，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供了一次全面的大學(xué)體驗(yàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Features下的“CulturalExploration:Immerseyourselfintherichhistoryandheritageofyourchosenprogramlocation(文化探索：讓自己沉浸在你選擇的項(xiàng)目所在地豐富的歷史和遺產(chǎn)中)”可知，學(xué)生們將有機(jī)會(huì)深入了解他們所選擇的項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)的豐富歷史和遺產(chǎn)—這是對(duì)文化目的地的探索。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Significance下的“Attheendoftheprogram,studentsreceivedetailedgradereports,valuablefortheircollegeapplications.(在課程結(jié)束時(shí)，學(xué)生們會(huì)收到詳細(xì)的成績(jī)報(bào)告，這對(duì)他們的大學(xué)申請(qǐng)很有價(jià)值。)”可知，學(xué)生們從該項(xiàng)目中獲得的評(píng)估對(duì)大學(xué)申請(qǐng)很有用。故選A項(xiàng)。BAttheparkwheremychildrenplay,besidethefishingpond,standsanoaktree.Likeagreatmother,shehaswatchedovermeandmychildrenfortwodecades.CalledaPennOak,thetreeissaidtohavebeenstandingforthreehundredyears.Forfourteenyears,Ihadbeenastay-at-home,baby-wearing,cloth-washing,homeschoolingmom.Onemorningwhilewalking,IcomplainedtomyhusbandthatIdidn’twanttojustbeastay-at-homemomanymore.“Whydon’tyougotocollegeandfinishyourdegree?”hesuggested.Forthatcomment,myhusbandreceivedafive-mile-longearfulofreasonswhyIcouldnotgobacktoschool.Besidesbeingtoobusycrocheting(用鉤針編織)diapercovers,Iwasnotcomfortablewiththeideaofgoingtocollegeasamiddle-agedadult.Then,oneday,withachildortwoonmylap,IreadShelSilverstein’sTheGivingTree.Formychildren,itwasastoryaboutaboywhomakesfriendswithatree.Forme,itwasadescriptionofmylifewithaless-than-promisingfuture.Afterthetreehasgivenherapples,branchesandtrunktotheboy,allshehaslefttogiveisaseatonherstumptoanoldman.IunderstoodthatIwasthetreegivingtinypiecesofmyselfawaytomychildren.Whenmystoryended,likethetree,Iwouldbenothingbutasaggingstump.IrealizedIdidnotwanttobetheGivingTree;IwantedtobethePennOaktree.Iwantedtostandtallandstrong,tostretchoutmybranchesandinvitemychildrentoplayanddreambeneathmycanopy.Thissummer,Igraduatedwithhonors.Now,Ihavemorethanapples,branchesandatrunk;Icangivemychildrenwordsandideasthatwilllast.Now,Iamstandingtall-awomanwhommychildrencanadmire.4.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofherhusband’ssuggestionatfirst?A.Itwasreasonable. B.Itwasunacceptable.C.Itgavehermuchhope. D.Itmadeherconfused.5.Whatledtotheauthor’sdecisiontobelikethePennOaktree?A.Alessonfromherlife. B.Herhusband’spersuasion.C.Thechildren’scomplaints. D.HerreflectiononTheGivingTree.6.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Braveandcalm. B.Creativeandhonest.C.Motivatedandwise. D.Independentandstrict.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthor’sstoryconvey?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Tosayisonething,todoisanotherthing.C.Challengescomealongwithopportunities.D.Changeyourthoughts,andyouchangeyourworld.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。作者十幾年來(lái)一直是一名全職母親。在閱讀了《愛(ài)心樹(shù)》這本書(shū)后，她受到啟發(fā)，決定不再僅僅滿(mǎn)足于做一名“把自己奉獻(xiàn)給孩子”的母親，而是要像那棵強(qiáng)壯的“賓夕法尼亞橡樹(shù)”一樣，不僅給予孩子物質(zhì)上的照顧，還要成為他們的榜樣。她重返校園，最終以?xún)?yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和自我價(jià)值的提升?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Forthatcomment,myhusbandreceivedafive-mile-longearfulofreasonswhyIcouldnotgobacktoschool.Besidesbeingtoobusycrocheting(用鉤針編織)diapercovers,Iwasnotcomfortablewiththeideaofgoingtocollegeasamiddle-agedadult.(因?yàn)檫@句話(huà)，我丈夫收到了一大堆我不能回學(xué)校的理由。除了忙于鉤針編織尿布套之外，我還不太愿意作為一個(gè)中年人去上大學(xué)。)”可知，作者給出了很多不能回去上學(xué)的理由，包括忙于家庭事務(wù)和對(duì)作為中年人上大學(xué)的不安感。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為丈夫的建議是沒(méi)法接受的。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Then,oneday,withachildortwoonmylap,IreadShelSilverstein’sTheGivingTree.Formychildren,itwasastoryaboutaboywhomakesfriendswithatree.Forme,itwasadescriptionofmylifewithaless-than-promisingfuture.Afterthetreehasgivenherapples,branchesandtrunktotheboy,allshehaslefttogiveisaseatonherstumptoanoldman.IunderstoodthatIwasthetreegivingtinypiecesofmyselfawaytomychildren.Whenmystoryended,likethetree,Iwouldbenothingbutasaggingstump.IrealizedIdidnotwanttobetheGivingTree;IwantedtobethePennOaktree.Iwantedtostandtallandstrong,tostretchoutmybranchesandinvitemychildrentoplayanddreambeneathmycanopy.(后來(lái)，有一天，我抱著一兩個(gè)孩子，讀謝爾·西爾弗斯坦的《給予之樹(shù)》。對(duì)我的孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)關(guān)于一個(gè)男孩和一棵樹(shù)交朋友的故事。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這是對(duì)我未來(lái)不太樂(lè)觀(guān)的生活的描述。當(dāng)樹(shù)把她的蘋(píng)果、樹(shù)枝和樹(shù)干給了男孩之后，她所剩下的就是在她的樹(shù)樁上給一個(gè)老人一個(gè)座位。我明白，我就是那棵把自己的一小部分送給孩子們的樹(shù)。當(dāng)我的故事結(jié)束時(shí)，我將像那棵樹(shù)一樣，只剩下一根下垂的樹(shù)樁。我意識(shí)到我并不想成為“奉獻(xiàn)樹(shù)”；我想成為賓夕法尼亞橡樹(shù)。我想站得又高又壯，伸展我的枝干，邀請(qǐng)我的孩子們?cè)谖业臉?shù)冠下玩耍和做夢(mèng)。)”可知，作者在讀了《愛(ài)心樹(shù)》后，反思了自己的角色：她不想成為書(shū)中描述的那種最終只剩下樹(shù)樁的“奉獻(xiàn)樹(shù)”，而是想成為能夠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)站立并為孩子們提供庇護(hù)的“賓夕法尼亞橡樹(shù)”。由此可知，作者是因?yàn)樽x了《愛(ài)心樹(shù)》這本書(shū)思想才發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Then,oneday,withachildortwoonmylap,IreadShelSilverstein’sTheGivingTree.Formychildren,itwasastoryaboutaboywhomakesfriendswithatree.Forme,itwasadescriptionofmylifewithaless-than-promisingfuture.Afterthetreehasgivenherapples,branchesandtrunktotheboy,allshehaslefttogiveisaseatonherstumptoanoldman.IunderstoodthatIwasthetreegivingtinypiecesofmyselfawaytomychildren.Whenmystoryended,likethetree,Iwouldbenothingbutasaggingstump.IrealizedIdidnotwanttobetheGivingTree;IwantedtobethePennOaktree.Iwantedtostandtallandstrong,tostretchoutmybranchesandinvitemychildrentoplayanddreambeneathmycanopy.(后來(lái)，有一天，我抱著一兩個(gè)孩子，讀謝爾·西爾弗斯坦的《給予之樹(shù)》。對(duì)我的孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)關(guān)于一個(gè)男孩和一棵樹(shù)交朋友的故事。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這是對(duì)我未來(lái)不太樂(lè)觀(guān)的生活的描述。當(dāng)樹(shù)把她的蘋(píng)果、樹(shù)枝和樹(shù)干給了男孩之后，她所剩下的就是在她的樹(shù)樁上給一個(gè)老人一個(gè)座位。我明白，我就是那棵把自己的一小部分送給孩子們的樹(shù)。當(dāng)我的故事結(jié)束時(shí)，我將像那棵樹(shù)一樣，只剩下一根下垂的樹(shù)樁。我意識(shí)到我并不想成為“奉獻(xiàn)樹(shù)”；我想成為賓夕法尼亞橡樹(shù)。我想站得又高又壯，伸展我的枝干，邀請(qǐng)我的孩子們?cè)谖业臉?shù)冠下玩耍和做夢(mèng)。)”可知，作者在成為全職母親多年后，對(duì)這種生活感到不滿(mǎn)意，并尋求改變。她通過(guò)閱讀《愛(ài)心樹(shù)》這本書(shū)，意識(shí)到自己不想成為一個(gè)僅僅為了滿(mǎn)足孩子的需要而犧牲自己的人。她想要成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)能夠支持和鼓勵(lì)他們的母親，所以她積極做出改變，并最后義優(yōu)異成績(jī)畢業(yè)，可知這作者是一個(gè)積極進(jìn)取并且聰明的人。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者最初是一名全職母親，她的生活圍繞著家庭和孩子轉(zhuǎn)。然而，通過(guò)閱讀《愛(ài)心樹(shù)》，她意識(shí)到她不想成為一個(gè)最終只剩下樹(shù)樁的愛(ài)心樹(shù)，而是想成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、能夠支持和鼓勵(lì)自己孩子的母親。這個(gè)思想上的轉(zhuǎn)變促使她重返校園，最終以?xún)?yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)。這個(gè)故事展示了思想上的變化是如何激發(fā)行動(dòng)，從而帶來(lái)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和變化的。故選D。CHaveyoueverbeenverytiredandsleepy,butinsteadoflyingdown,youfindyourselfspendingthosehoursonunproductiveactivitieslateintothenight?Thisisknownasbedtimerevenge(報(bào)復(fù)性的)procrastination.Thereisaverygoodreasonwhythishappens.Inafast-pacedworldwherewehavelittlefreedomoverourschedules,weareeagerforandcherishpersonaltime.Theonlytimethat’savailableformanyofusisatnight.Weshortenoursleeptogetafewhoursoffreedom.Whatdoesbedtimerevengeprocrastinationlooklike?Oureyesareallgluedtooursmartphones,tablets,laptops,TVsandotherelectronicdevices.Thesehavegreatlyaidedourabilitytopursuebedtimerevengeprocrastination.Theconstantconnectivityandavailabilityofdigitalentertainmenteasilytrapspeopleinacircleoflate-nightscrolling(滾動(dòng))orwatching.Thereareseveralpsychologicalfactorsthatcontributetobedtimerevengeprocrastination.Someofthemarestress,anxiety,andwantingtoengageinescapism.Asstresslevelsincrease,weseektemporarydistractions.Onestudyindicatedarelationshipbetweenstressandengaginginprocrastinationbehavior,includingbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Thismeansthatasstresslevelsincrease,sodoesthetendencytoengageinbedtimeprocrastination.Theconsequencesofbedtimerevengeprocrastinationarefar-reaching.Becauseweareconsistentlysacrificingsleep,itdisturbsoursleeppatterns,thequalityofsleepweget,andcanhavenegativeeffectsonourwell-being.Beyondmentalhealth,sleepdeprivation(剝奪)alsoimpactsyourproductivity,decision-making,problem-solvingandattention,whicharebackedupbyresearch.Bedtimerevengeprocrastinationmayprovidemomentsofpersonaltime,butthelong-termconsequencesonsleepandoverallwell-beingaresignificant.Byunderstandingtheimpactofsleepdeprivation,settingboundarieswithtechnology,andusingrelaxationtechniquestocreateasleep-friendlyenvironment,wecanescapethetrapofbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Itisimportanttoattachimportancetothepowerofrestanditisessentialnottosacrificesleepinexchangeforpersonaltime.8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Byclarifyingadefinition. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Bylistingthefacts. D.Bygivinganexample.9.Whatdopeoplewithbedtimerevengeprocrastinationusuallydo?ATalkingonthesmartphoneconstantly. B.WatchingTVseriesallnightlong.C.Workingwiththecomputersleeplessly. D.Spendingdaytimehoursonthesmartphone.10.Whataretheprimaryfactorsthatleadtobedtimerevengeprocrastination?A.Seekingcontroloverschedules. B.Escapingthestressesofreality.C.Findingpleasureinelectronicdevices. D.Increasinganxietyforthequalityofsleep.11.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Prioritizesleepforwell-being. B.Exchangesleepforpersonaltime.C.Makeuseofmoderntechnology. D.Sacrificesleepforpersonalhobbies.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。本文通過(guò)日常生活中出現(xiàn)一系列現(xiàn)象，闡明什么是“報(bào)復(fù)性就寢時(shí)間拖延（bedtimerevengeprocrastination）”，并分析其背后的主要原因，以及“睡眠剝奪（sleepdeprivation）”對(duì)人們身心健康的影響，隨后指出人們?cè)谏钪信c科技產(chǎn)品之間劃定合理界限的必要性?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyoueverbeenverytiredandsleepy,butinsteadoflyingdown,youfindyourselfspendingthosehoursonunproductiveactivitieslateintothenight?Thisisknownasbedtimerevenge(報(bào)復(fù)性的)procrastination.(你是否曾經(jīng)感到非常疲倦和困倦，但你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒(méi)有躺下，而是把這些時(shí)間花在了毫無(wú)意義的活動(dòng)上，直到深夜？這被稱(chēng)為睡前報(bào)復(fù)性拖延癥。)”可知，先提出一種現(xiàn)象，即人們非常累且困但不睡覺(jué)，反而在深夜進(jìn)行一些無(wú)意義的活動(dòng)，然后給出了“報(bào)復(fù)性就寢時(shí)間拖延癥”的概念來(lái)定義這種現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)而引出了文章的話(huà)題。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whatdoesbedtimerevengeprocrastinationlooklike?Oureyesareallgluedtooursmartphones,tablets,laptops,TVsandotherelectronicdevices.Thesehavegreatlyaidedourabilitytopursuebedtimerevengeprocrastination.Theconstantconnectivityandavailabilityofdigitalentertainmenteasilytrapspeopleinacircleoflate-nightscrolling(滾動(dòng))orwatching.(睡前報(bào)復(fù)性拖延癥是什么樣子的？我們的眼睛都盯著智能手機(jī)、平板電腦、筆記本電腦、電視和其他電子設(shè)備。這些都極大地幫助了我們追求睡前報(bào)復(fù)性拖延癥的能力。數(shù)字娛樂(lè)的持續(xù)連接和可用性很容易使人們陷入深夜?jié)L動(dòng)或觀(guān)看的圈子。)”可知，人們?cè)诮?jīng)歷“報(bào)復(fù)性就寢時(shí)間拖延”時(shí)，往往會(huì)將注意力集中在智能手機(jī)、平板電腦、筆記本電腦、電視以及其他電子設(shè)備上。這些設(shè)備極大地助長(zhǎng)了他們的“報(bào)復(fù)性就寢時(shí)間拖延”傾向（包括B項(xiàng)所述的“整晚看電視劇”）。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thereareseveralpsychologicalfactorsthatcontributetobedtimerevengeprocrastination.Someofthemarestress,anxiety,andwantingtoengageinescapism.Asstresslevelsincrease,weseektemporarydistractions.Onestudyindicatedarelationshipbetweenstressandengaginginprocrastinationbehavior,includingbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Thismeansthatasstresslevelsincrease,sodoesthetendencytoengageinbedtimeprocrastination.(有幾個(gè)心理因素導(dǎo)致睡前報(bào)復(fù)性拖延癥。其中一些是壓力、焦慮和想要逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)。隨著壓力水平的增加，我們尋求暫時(shí)的分心。一項(xiàng)研究表明，壓力和拖延行為之間存在關(guān)系，包括睡前報(bào)復(fù)性拖延。這意味著，隨著壓力水平的增加，睡前拖延癥的傾向也會(huì)增加。)”可知，有幾種心理因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致“報(bào)復(fù)性就寢時(shí)間拖延”，其中一些是壓力、焦慮和逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的想法。因此，B選項(xiàng)“逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的壓力”正確。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Bedtimerevengeprocrastinationmayprovidemomentsofpersonaltime,butthelong-termconsequencesonsleepandoverallwell-beingaresignificant.Byunderstandingtheimpactofsleepdeprivation,settingboundarieswithtechnology,andusingrelaxationtechniquestocreateasleep-friendlyenvironment,wecanescapethetrapofbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Itisimportanttoattachimportancetothepowerofrestanditisessentialnottosacrificesleepinexchangeforpersonaltime.(睡前報(bào)復(fù)性拖延癥可能會(huì)提供一些個(gè)人時(shí)間，但對(duì)睡眠和整體健康的長(zhǎng)期影響是顯著的。通過(guò)了解睡眠剝奪的影響，設(shè)定科技的界限，并使用放松技巧來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)睡眠友好的環(huán)境，我們可以擺脫睡前報(bào)復(fù)性拖延癥的陷阱。重視休息的力量是很重要的，重要的是不要犧牲睡眠來(lái)?yè)Q取個(gè)人時(shí)間。)”可知，通過(guò)了解睡眠不足可能導(dǎo)致的多種健康問(wèn)題，我們可以學(xué)會(huì)為科技應(yīng)用設(shè)定合理的界限，并采用特定的放松技巧來(lái)營(yíng)造一個(gè)有利于睡眠的環(huán)境。這樣，我們可以避免陷入“報(bào)復(fù)性就寢時(shí)間拖延”的陷阱。因此，作者暗示了把睡眠問(wèn)題放在優(yōu)先地位對(duì)健康的重要性，故選A。DForyears,EgyptologistshavedebatedhowthemassivepyramidsofancientEgyptwerebuiltover4,000yearsago.Anewtheorybyengineersandgeologistssuggestsahydraulic(液壓的)liftdevicethatusedstoredwatertofloattheheavystonesupthroughthemiddleofEgypt’soldestpyramid.TheStepPyramid,builtforPharaohDjoseraroundthe27thcenturyBCE,wasthetalleststructureofitstime,standingabout62meterstall.Despitenumerousdiscussionsonpyramid-buildingtechniques,howthesemassivestones,someweighing300kilograms,weremovedremainsamystery.Accordingtoastudy,ahydraulicliftsystemconsistentwiththepyramid’sinternalarchitecturecouldexplainitsconstruction.TheresearchteamproposedthatancientstreamsfromthewestoftheSaqqaraplateauflowedintodeep-watertrenchesandtunnelssurroundingtheStepPyramid.ThesewaterswouldhavefilledtheGisrel-Mudir,amassivelimestonestructureactingasadamtocontrolandstorefloodwater.Thiswatercouldhavepoweredahydraulicliftwithinthepyramid’sverticalshaft(豎井),raisingheavystones.Althoughthetheoryisinnovative,someEgyptologistsremainunconvinced.Amorewidelyacceptedtheoryisthatrampsandhaulage(貨運(yùn))deviceswereusedtopositiontheheavyblocks.Dr.DavidJeffreysofUniversityCollegeLondonarguesthattheancientclimatemaynothavesupportedsuchahydraulicsystem,asitrequiredmorerainfallthanwaslikelyavailable.Thestudy’sauthorsacknowledgedthatthehydraulicliftsystemmightnothavebeenpermanentlyfilledwithwaterbutratheroperatedduringperiodsofflashfloods.Moreresearchisneededtounderstandtherainfallandfloodingduringthatera.PaststudieshavealsoexploredtheNile’sroleinpyramidconstruction.Apreviousstudysuggestedadried-upbranchoftheriverhasbeenusedtotransportlimestoneblocks.WhilethereisevidencethatancientEgyptiansusedscaffolding(腳手架)andmud-brickramps,thereisnodocumentationofawater-poweredlift.Despitethelackofdefinitiveevidence,thehydrauliclifttheoryoffersafreshperspectiveonhowtheancientEgyptianscouldhaveaccomplishedsuchamonumentalfeat.Furtherresearchmayuncovermoreaboutthemethodsusedtobuildtheseiconicstructures.12.Whichisapossiblemethodforbuildingthepyramidsaccordingtothepassage?A.Usingahydraulicliftdevice. B.Usingscaffoldingandmud-brickramps.C.Usingonlyslopesandtransportdevices. D.UsingtheNileRivertotransportlimestoneblocks.13.Whatdidthehydraulicliftsysteminthepyramidrelyontofunction?A.Watertransportedbyslaves. B.ContinuouswaterfromtheNile.C.RainfallfromtheSaqqaraplateau. D.Ancientstreamsandwaterstoredinadam.14.WhyaresomeEgyptologistsunconvincedbythehydrauliclifttheory?A.Theyprefertraditionalmethods.B.Thereisnoarcheologicalevidence.C.Theancientclimatecan’tsustainthehydraulicsystem.D.AncientEgyptianslackedthetechnologyforsuchasystem.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Theancientclimatecansupportthehydraulicsystem.B.AncientEgyptiansonlyusedrampsandscaffolding.C.Theevidenceofwater-poweredliftshasbeenfound.D.TheNileRiverwasessentialfortransportingblocks.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了關(guān)于古埃及金字塔的建立，工程師和地質(zhì)學(xué)家提出了一種新理論——液壓升降裝置理論，并介紹相關(guān)學(xué)者對(duì)此的態(tài)度。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Anewtheorybyengineersandgeologistssuggestsahydraulic(液壓的)liftdevicethatusedstoredwatertofloattheheavystonesupthroughthemiddleofEgypt’soldestpyramid.(工程師和地質(zhì)學(xué)家提出的一個(gè)新理論認(rèn)為，一種液壓升降裝置利用儲(chǔ)存的水將巨石浮起，穿過(guò)埃及最古老的金字塔中部)”可知，建造金字塔的一種可能方法是使用液壓升降裝置。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TheresearchteamproposedthatancientstreamsfromthewestoftheSaqqaraplateauflowedintodeep-watertrenchesandtunnelssurroundingtheStepPyramid.ThesewaterswouldhavefilledtheGisrel-Mudir,amassivelimestonestructureactingasadamtocontrolandstorefloodwater.Thiswatercouldhavepoweredahydraulicliftwithinthepyramid’sverticalshaft(豎井),raisingheavystones.(研究小組提出，從薩卡拉高原西部流來(lái)的古代河流流入環(huán)繞階梯金字塔的深水溝渠和隧道。這些水會(huì)灌滿(mǎn)吉斯?fàn)枴ぐ枴つ碌蠣?，這是一個(gè)巨大的石灰石建筑，起到水壩的作用，控制和儲(chǔ)存洪水。這些水可以為金字塔豎井內(nèi)的液壓升降機(jī)提供動(dòng)力，提升巨石)”可知，金字塔中的液壓升降系統(tǒng)依靠水壩中儲(chǔ)存的古代河流的水來(lái)運(yùn)行。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Amorewidelyacceptedtheoryisthatrampsandhaulage(貨運(yùn))deviceswereusedtopositiontheheavyblocks.Dr.DavidJeffreysofUniversityCollegeLondonarguesthattheancientclimatemaynothavesupportedsuchahydraulicsystem,asitrequiredmorerainfallthanwaslikelyavailable.(一個(gè)更被廣泛接受理論是，使用斜坡和運(yùn)輸裝置來(lái)定位巨石。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的戴維·杰弗里斯博士認(rèn)為，古代的氣候可能無(wú)法支持這樣的液壓系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樗枰慕涤炅靠赡鼙犬?dāng)時(shí)可能提供的降雨量要多)”可知，一些埃及學(xué)家不相信液壓升降理論的原因是古代的氣候無(wú)法維持液壓系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“PaststudieshavealsoexploredtheNile’sroleinpyramidconstruction.Apreviousstudysuggestedadried-upbranchoftheriverhasbeenusedtotransportlimestoneblocks.(過(guò)去的研究也探討了尼羅河在金字塔建設(shè)中的作用。之前的一項(xiàng)研究表明，尼羅河的一個(gè)干涸的支流被用來(lái)運(yùn)輸石灰石塊)”可知，尼羅河的一條干涸支流被用來(lái)運(yùn)輸石灰?guī)r塊。由此推知，尼羅河對(duì)于運(yùn)輸石塊是極其重要的。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TipsforPositiveThinkingWhenDepressedIfyou’rewonderinghowtobecomemorepositivewhendepressed,youmayneedsomeactionabletipstogetstarted.___16___Keepapositivejournal.Positivethoughtscanbefewandfarbetweenwhenyouhavedepression.___17___Evenifit’ssomethingassmallasseeingabeautifulflowerorreceivingasupportivetextfromafriend,keeparecordofyourbettermoments.___18___Nexttimeyoufeelhopelessinthefaceofdifficulties,imaginethemostpositiveoutcome.Forexample,youmightdislikehavingdepression,butimaginethatonedayyoucoulduseyourstorytohelpothers—tostartasupportgrouporwriteabook.Askyourselfifyournegativebeliefsarereallytrue.Nexttimeyouobserveanegativethoughtenteringyourmind,askyourself:“Istherebasisforthisthought?”Forexample,hasanyoneevertoldyouthatyouwereaterriblefriendapartfromyourself?___19___Whataboutallthetimesyou’vebeensupportiveorhelpfultothepeopleinyourlife?Holdyournegativethoughtsupforinspectionandyou’llsoonseewhichareworthyourattention.___20___Duringdepression,however,itoftenfeelseasiertohideunderyourcoversandletthenegativethoughtstakeoverthantrytochangeyourpatterns.Trytochallengeyourselfduringyourstrongermomentstotrytofindsomethingtofeelpositiveabout.A.Howmightthatfeel?B.Herearesomeideas.C.Adjustmoodtogetapositiveresult.D.Buildinghealthyhabitscanbehardatthebestoftimes.E.Ifso,isthatperson’sopiniontheonlyoneyoutrulyvalue?F.Takeachallengingsituationandimaginethemostpositiveoutcome.G.Soeachtimeahappyorhopefulthoughtcomesintoyourhead,writeitdown.【答案】16.B17.G18.F19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了抑郁時(shí)積極思考的一些建議。【16題詳解】前文“Ifyou’rewonderinghowtobecomemorepositivewhendepressed,youmayneedsomeactionabletipstogetstarted.(如果你想知道如何在抑郁時(shí)變得更積極，你可能需要一些可行的建議來(lái)開(kāi)始)”提到在抑郁時(shí)變得更積極需要可行的建議，后文段落具體介紹了這些建議，空處應(yīng)該指出有這樣一些建議，因此B項(xiàng)“Herearesomeideas.(這里有一些想法)”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。故選B?！?7題詳解】段首句“Keepapositivejournal.(堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)積極向上的日記)”建議記錄積極向上的想法，前文“Positivethoughtscanbefewandfarbetweenwhenyouhavedepression.(當(dāng)你抑郁時(shí)，積極的想法可能很少)”提到抑郁時(shí)積極的想法會(huì)很少，后文“Evenifit’ssomethingassmallasseeingabeautifulflowerorreceivingasupportivetextfromafriend,keeparecordofyourbettermoments.(即使是看到一朵美麗的花或收到朋友的支持短信這樣的小事，也要記錄下你的美好時(shí)刻)”具體指出很美好的小事也值得記錄，空處應(yīng)該是建議及時(shí)記錄下那些積極的想法，因此G項(xiàng)“Soeachtimeahappyorhopefulthoughtcomesintoyourhead,writeitdown.(所以每當(dāng)一個(gè)快樂(lè)或充滿(mǎn)希望的想法進(jìn)入你的腦海時(shí)，把它寫(xiě)下來(lái))”符合語(yǔ)境，呼應(yīng)段首句，承上啟下。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Nexttimeyoufeelhopelessinthefaceofdifficulties,imaginethemostpositiveoutcome.Forexample,youmightdislikehavingdepression,butimaginethatonedayyoucoulduseyourstorytohelpothers—tostartasupportgrouporwriteabook.(下次當(dāng)你在困難面前感到絕望時(shí)，想象一下最積極的結(jié)果。例如，你可能不喜歡抑郁，但想象有一天你可以用你的故事來(lái)幫助別人——成立一個(gè)支持小組或?qū)懸槐緯?shū))”可知，本段主要建議想象一下最積極的結(jié)果，空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，應(yīng)該與此相關(guān)，且需和其他段首句一樣使用祈使句的形式。因此F項(xiàng)“Takeachallengingsituationandimaginethemostpositiveoutcome.(面對(duì)一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的情況，想象最積極的結(jié)果)”符合語(yǔ)境，可統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容。故選F。【19題詳解】前文“Nexttimeyouobserveanegativethoughtenteringyourmind,askyourself:“Istherebasisforthisthought?”Forexample,hasanyoneevertoldyouthatyouwereaterriblefriendapartfromyourself?(下次當(dāng)你看到一個(gè)消極的想法進(jìn)入你的腦海時(shí)，問(wèn)問(wèn)自己：“這個(gè)想法有根據(jù)嗎”例如，除了你自己，有沒(méi)有人告訴過(guò)你，你是一個(gè)糟糕的朋友)”建議在有消極的想法時(shí)，質(zhì)疑自己的想法，向自己提問(wèn)，后文“Whataboutallthetimesyou’vebeensupportiveorhelpfultothepeopleinyourlife?(那你在生活中支持或幫助別人的時(shí)候呢)”依然是提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題，空處應(yīng)該也是一個(gè)向自己提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題，因此E項(xiàng)“Ifso,isthatperson’sopiniontheonlyoneyoutrulyvalue?(如果是這樣，那個(gè)人的意見(jiàn)是你唯一真正看重的嗎)”符合語(yǔ)境，承接前一句中的問(wèn)題。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Duringdepression,however,itoftenfeelseasiertohideunderyourcoversandletthenegativethoughtstakeoverthantrytochangeyourpatterns.Trytochallengeyourselfduringyourstrongermomentstotrytofindsomethingtofeelpositiveabout.(然而，在抑郁期間，躲在被子里讓消極的想法接管比嘗試改變你的模式更容易。在你情緒較好的時(shí)候，試著挑戰(zhàn)自己，試著找到一些讓你感到積極的事情)”可知，本段主要指出在抑郁期間改變自己很困難，應(yīng)在情緒較好時(shí)去找讓自己感到積極的事情，空處作為段首句，應(yīng)該與養(yǎng)成積極想法很困難相關(guān)，因此D項(xiàng)“Buildinghealthyhabitscanbehardatthebestoftimes.(即使在最好的時(shí)候，養(yǎng)成健康的習(xí)慣也很難)”符合語(yǔ)境，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortsbespentexploringand____21____somethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?Whyshouldmanyresourcesbespentonspace____22____thanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswer____23____inourgeneticmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings.What____24____ourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoall____25____areasandenvironments?Thewiderthe____26____ofaspecies,thebetteritschanceof____27____.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpand____28____possible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhas____29____,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybe_____30_____destroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecan_____31_____itseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潛在的)resources_____32_____.Evenifwehaveno_____33_____needofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeen_____34_____throughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcan_____35_____thelengthorqualityofourlives.21.A.hunting B.researching C.sending D.waiting22.A.rather B.more C.less D.other23.A.goes B.hides C.falls D.lies24.A.made B.led C.drove D.showed25.A.possible B.horrible C.changeable D.reasonable26.A.exchange B.existence C.appearance D.spread27.A.removal B.survival C.arrival D.refusal28.A.however B.whenever C.wherever D.whoever29.A.explored B.removed C.changed D.survived30.A.surely B.really C.hardly D.completely31.A.deepen B.lessen C.lengthen D.strengthen32.A.found B.wasted C.sent D.used33.A.quick B.full C.much D.immediate34.A.charged B.collected C.acquired D.connected35.A.enlarge B.improve C.exchange D.include【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了人類(lèi)探索太空的原因，探索太空源于人類(lèi)基因中的探索本能，有助于識(shí)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、獲取資源與知識(shí)，長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看有益生存和發(fā)展。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為什么要花金錢(qián)、時(shí)間和精力去探索和研究那些明顯沒(méi)有什么好處的東西？A.hunting打獵，搜索；B.researching研究，調(diào)查；C.sending郵寄，發(fā)送；D.waiting等待。根據(jù)空前的“money,timeandeffortsbespentexploringand”和空后的“somethingwithsofewapparentbenefits”可知，這里指花費(fèi)金錢(qián)、時(shí)間和精力去探索和研究太空。故選B。22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：為什么許多資源應(yīng)該花在太空上，而不是地球上的環(huán)境和人口上？A.rather相當(dāng)；B.more更多；C.less更少；D.other另外。根據(jù)空前的“space”和空后的“thanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth”可知，這里指許多資源被投入到了太空上，而不是地球的環(huán)境和人口上。ratherthan意為“而不是”；morethan意為“比……多”；lessthan意為“比……少”；otherthan意為“除……以外”。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：也許最好的答案在于我們作為人類(lèi)的基因構(gòu)成。A.goes去；B.hides隱藏；C.falls落下；D.lies躺，存在，在于。根據(jù)空前的“thebestanswer”和空后的“inourgeneticmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings”可知，這里表示最好的答案在于我們作為人類(lèi)的基因構(gòu)成，liein意為“在于”。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：是什么促使我們的祖先從樹(shù)上遷移到平原，并進(jìn)入所有可能的地區(qū)和環(huán)境？A.made制造；B.led導(dǎo)致；C.drove驅(qū)動(dòng)，驅(qū)使；D.showed表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文中的“thisgenetictendency”可知，這里是在詢(xún)問(wèn)驅(qū)使人類(lèi)從在樹(shù)上生活到進(jìn)入其他地方生活的動(dòng)力，并且下文指出這在于人類(lèi)基因的傾向。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.possible可能的，可能存在的；B.horrible可怕的；C.changeable易變的；D.reasonable合理的。根據(jù)空后的“areasa