第1頁/共1頁北京市朝陽區(qū)2024~2025學年度第二學期期末質(zhì)量檢測高二英語試卷(考試時間100分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Outsideafewsnowflakes(雪花)felldownasthegreyafternoonskydarkened.AlthoughitwaslessthanoneweekbeforetheNewYear,Ifounditdifficulttobeina____1____mood.Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe____2____ourhometown.NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbespendingthefestivalalone.Asawaveofhomesickness____3____myfamily,thedoorbellrang.Itwasdarkoutside,andweweren’t____4____anyone.Myfifteen-year-olddaughterRachelwenttoopenthedoor,andthensaid,“Mom,there’saboxonthedoorstep—withpresents...andnobodyisouthere!”Whocouldhaveleftit?Itwasindeeda(n)____5____.Theboxcontainedsomepackageswrappedinbrightpaper.Eachhadatypewrittenlabel:OpenDec.27th,OpenDec.28th,…Therewereatotalofsix.ItwasDecember27th,andthelabelforthatdaywas____6____toapackageofsteaks.Thelabelread:Enjoyfunwithyourfamily.Afterthat,wegatheredeachdayasafamilytoopenonemoregift.Wewouldtrytoguesswhateachpackagecontained,whichbecamea____7____forus.Asthedayspassed,wealso____8____butter,potatoes,sausages,peppersandberries.AlltogetherthepackagesmadeacompleteNewYeardinner.Butitturnedoutwedidn’tneedtouseourpackagesoffoodontheNewYear’sDaybecauseafamilyfromwork____9____invitedusoverfordinneronDecember31st.Wefeltsoblessed,andweresothankfultobeloved!Nowtwodecadeslater,thattoughyearisadistantmemory.WeneverfindoutwhogaveustheNewYeargift.ButI’malways____10____forthespiritofkindnessandgenerositythatcameatatimewedesperatelyneededtoknowwewerenotaloneafterall.1.A.joyful B.nervous C.depressed D.confident2.A.visited B.admired C.missed D.forgot3.A.cheeredup B.sweptover C.broughtback D.tookapart4.A.expecting B.detecting C.bothering D.informing5.A.accident B.mystery C.chance D.mistake6.A.delivered B.exposed C.related D.attached7.A.strategy B.problem C.trick D.game8.A.made B.examined C.discovered D.bought9.A.kindly B.calmly C.randomly D.hesitantly10.A.eager B.ready C.grateful D.responsible【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A5.B6.D7.D8.C9.A10.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一家在新年之際收到神秘禮物，度過溫暖節(jié)日的故事?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管離新年不到一周了，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難感到快樂。A.joyful快樂的；B.nervous緊張的；C.depressed沮喪的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)下文“Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe____2____ourhometown.NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbespendingthefestivalalone.”可知，作者一家剛搬到這個國家，正在經(jīng)歷艱難的一年，假期對他們來說很困難，因為想念家鄉(xiāng)，也沒有人來一起過新年，所以作者難以感到快樂。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：假期對我們來說很艱難，因為我們想念家鄉(xiāng)。A.visited參觀；B.admired欽佩；C.missed想念；D.forgot忘記。根據(jù)上文“Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforus”可知，作者一家剛搬到這個國家，正在經(jīng)歷艱難的一年，所以假期對他們來說很艱難，因為他們想念家鄉(xiāng)。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當一陣思鄉(xiāng)之情席卷我的家人時，門鈴響了。A.cheeredup使振奮；B.sweptover席卷；C.broughtback帶回；D.tookapart拆開。根據(jù)上文“Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe____2____ourhometown.NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbespendingthefestivalalone.”和“Asawaveofhomesickness”可知，作者一家想念家鄉(xiāng)，一陣思鄉(xiāng)之情席卷了作者一家人。故選B。【4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：外面很黑，我們沒料到會有人來。A.expecting期待；B.detecting檢測；C.bothering打擾；D.informing通知。根據(jù)上文“NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither”以及“Itwasdarkoutside”可知，作者一家剛搬到這個國家，也沒有人來一起過新年，而且外面很黑，所以作者一家沒料到會有人來。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這確實是個謎。A.accident事故；B.mystery謎；C.chance機會；D.mistake錯誤。根據(jù)上文“Whocouldhaveleftit?”可知，作者一家不知道是誰留下的禮物，所以這確實是個謎。故選B。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那天是12月27日，那天的標簽被貼在一包牛排上。A.delivered遞送；B.exposed暴露；C.related聯(lián)系；D.attached貼上。根據(jù)下文“toapackageofsteaks.Thelabelread:Enjoyfunwithyourfamily”可知，標簽被貼在一包牛排上。故選D。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們會試著猜每個包裹里裝的是什么，這成了我們的一個游戲。A.strategy策略；B.problem問題；C.trick詭計；D.game游戲。根據(jù)上文“Wewouldtrytoguesswhateachpackagecontained”可知，作者一家會試著猜每個包裹里裝的是什么，所以這成了他們的一個游戲。故選D。【8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃油、土豆、香腸、辣椒和漿果。A.made制作；B.examined檢查；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.bought買。根據(jù)下文“butter,potatoes,sausages,peppersandberries.AlltogetherthepackagesmadeacompleteNewYeardinner.”可知，下文的這些東西是作者一家在包裹中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但事實證明，我們不需要在新年那天使用我們的食物包裹，因為12月31日，我們一家工作上認識的一家人好心地邀請他們?nèi)コ酝盹垺.kindly好心地；B.calmly冷靜地；C.randomly隨機地；D.hesitantly猶豫地。根據(jù)下文“invitedusoverfordinneronDecember31st”可知，作者一家工作上認識的一家人邀請他們?nèi)コ酝盹垼f明是好心地邀請。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我一直感激那種善良和慷慨的精神，在我們迫切需要知道我們并不孤單的時候，它出現(xiàn)了。A.eager渴望的；B.ready準備好的；C.grateful感激的；D.responsible負責的。根據(jù)下文“forthespiritofkindnessandgenerositythatcameatatimewedesperatelyneededtoknowwewerenotaloneafterall”可知，作者一家在最需要幫助的時候得到了幫助，所以一直感激那種善良和慷慨的精神。故選C。第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意、從方框中選擇恰當?shù)膯卧~或詞組，并使用其正確形式填空。submitfrequentproposestrikereliableproceedtodisturbgetridofbededicatedtoinanattemptto11.Theteamhadto________thefalsedatatoensureaccurateresults.12.Beforethedeadline,studentsmust________theirfinalessaysonline.13.Theemployeesstayedupallnight________finishtheprojectontime.14.Theorganization________helpingtheelderlylivingalone,aspartofitslong-termmissionistoservethecommunity.【答案】11.getridof12submit13.inanattemptto14.isdedicatedto【解析】【11題詳解】考查固定短語、動詞不定式。句意：團隊必須擺脫虛假數(shù)據(jù)以確保結(jié)果的準確性。根據(jù)空后的“thefalsedatatoensureaccurateresults”可知，空處應用getridof，表示“擺脫，去除”，這里指去除虛假數(shù)據(jù)，位于不定式符號to后，動詞用原形。故填getridof?！?2題詳解】考查動詞、情態(tài)動詞。句意：在截止日期前，學生必須在線提交他們的期末論文。根據(jù)空后的“theirfinalessaysonline”可知，空處應用submit，表示“提交”，這里指提交論文。位于情態(tài)動詞must后，動詞用原形。故填submit?！?3題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：員工們通宵工作，試圖按時完成項目。根據(jù)空后的“finishtheprojectontime”可知，空處應用inanattemptto，表示“試圖，企圖”，這里指員工們試圖按時完成項目。故填inanattemptto?！?4題詳解】公眾號：高中試卷君考查固定短語、時態(tài)。句意：該組織致力于幫助獨居老人，因為服務(wù)社區(qū)是其長期使命的一部分。根據(jù)空后的“helpingtheelderlylivingalone”可知，空處應用bededicatedto，表示“致力于……”，本句描述一般事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Theorganization為第三人稱單數(shù)，所以be動詞用is。故填isdedicatedto。第三節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。15.Alotmoreplasticwaste________(throw)intotheoceanlastyear.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】wasthrown【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：去年，更多的塑料垃圾被扔進了海洋。根據(jù)時間狀語lastyear可知，時態(tài)應使用一般過去時態(tài)，throw“扔”與主語plasticwaste之間是被動關(guān)系，應使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，又因主語是不可數(shù)名詞，be動詞用was。故填wasthrown。16.Luckily,theparents________(put)awayalltheclothesbeforeitrained.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】hadput【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：幸運的是，父母在下雨前把所有的衣服都收起來了。設(shè)空處作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語從句beforeitrained可知，此處表示過去的過去發(fā)生的動作，應用過去完成時。故填hadput。17.Shewantsajob__________hermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】where【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場的工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句，從句缺狀語，先行詞是抽象地點名詞job，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導從句。故答案是where。18.Tomaccidentallyslippedonthewetfloor,________(injure)hisarmbadly.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】injuring【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：湯姆不小心在濕地板上滑倒了，結(jié)果手臂受了重傷。句中有謂語動詞slipped且句中無連詞，故空格處應用非謂語動詞，injure意為“使受傷”，Tom與injure為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應用現(xiàn)在分詞injuring，作結(jié)果狀語，表示滑倒導致的自然結(jié)果。故填injuring。19.Thepoliticiansdeliveredseveralpowerful________(speech)attheconference.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】speeches【解析】【詳解】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：政客們在會議上發(fā)表了幾次強有力的演講。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處應填名詞作賓語，且根據(jù)several“幾次”可知，此處應用可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，speech的復數(shù)形式為speeches。故填speeches。20.Thegovernment________(invest)2billionRMBinrenewableenergybynow.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】hasinvested【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，政府已經(jīng)在可再生能源上投資了20億元人民幣。根據(jù)時間狀語“bynow(到目前為止)”可知，句子應用現(xiàn)在完成時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/has+過去分詞”。主語Thegovernment是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動詞用has；invest的過去分詞是invested。故填hasinvested。21.Themedicalstudentswereunsureabout________theyshoulddowiththeemergency.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】what【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句引導詞。句意：醫(yī)科學生不確定緊急情況下他們應該做什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞about后有一個完整的句子，即介詞后有一個賓語從句。賓語從句的動詞do“做”需要接一個賓語，連接代詞what“什么”符合語境，且能充當賓語。故填what。22.Thelittlechildmadegreatefforts________(reach)fortheripepearhangingonthebranch.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】toreach【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這個小孩努力去夠掛在樹枝上的熟梨。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處應填動詞不定式作目的狀語，“makeeffortstodosth.”為固定搭配，意為“努力做某事”。故填toreach。23.Nowadays,theInternet,aswellasmodernsatellites,________(connect)remoteareasglobally.(所給詞適當形式填空)【答案】connects【解析】【詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：如今，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和現(xiàn)代衛(wèi)星連接了全球的偏遠地區(qū)。本句描述客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時；aswellas連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致，即與theInternet保持一致，theInternet為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式connects“連接”。故填connects。24.When________(question)aboutitsfactories’damagetotheenvironment,thecompanyinsistedthatithaddonenothingwrong.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】questioned【解析】【詳解】考查狀語從句中的省略。句意：當被問及工廠對環(huán)境的破壞時，該公司堅持認為自己沒有做錯任何事。當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時或從句主語為it，且從句含有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和be動詞。本句中的時間狀語從句完整句子為whenthecompanywas____(question)，主語thecompany與question“問”為被動關(guān)系，本空用過去分詞，與空前的was構(gòu)成一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填questioned。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheSummerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)Programmirrorstheundergraduate(本科生)experience,givingrisingseniorstheopportunitytoexplorethefascinatingworldofscience,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Weprovideyouwithexperiencethatincludesacademicandpersonaldevelopmentbothinsideandoutsideoftheclassroominordertopreparestudentsforthefuture.Liveandlearninacollegesettingthatwillchallengeyoutodiscoveryourbestself.CourseHighlightsInourprogram,studentswill:?GainanunderstandingofthetheoryofresearchdesigninSTEM-relatedfields.?Participateinweeklywritingsessionsoncollegeapplicationpreparation.?Learnmoreaboutcooperativelearningthroughgroupdiscussions.?InteractwithprofessionalstoexploreSTEMmajors.?CompletetheFromStudenttoScholar,acoursedesignedtohelpstudentsbetterunderstandwhotheyare,whotheywanttobe,andlearnwhatittakestogetthere.ApplicationRequirementsTobequalifiedfortheSAMSProgram,studentsmust:?Bein11thgradeinhighschoolatthetimeofapplicationsubmission.?DemonstrateastronginterestinSTEMdisciplines.?Haveanexperiencethatdemonstratesacommitmentincommunityengagement.Allqualifiedstudentsarewelcometoapply,andwestronglyencourageapplicationsfromstudentswhoareunderrepresentedinSTEMonthebasisof,butnotlimitedby:?BeingraisedinahomewhereEnglishwasasecondlanguage.?Currentlyattendingahighschoolwithhistoricallylowratesofadmittancetopremierinstitutions.?Identifyingasfirst-generationcollegestudentswhoseparent(s)didnotattendcollege.25.TheSAMSProgramhelpsstudents________.A.designSTEMcourses B.experiencecollegelifeC.adapttoclassroomlearning D.getalongwithundergraduates26.IntheSAMSProgram,studentswill________.A.formbetterself-awarenessB.conducttheirownresearchC.completetheircollegeapplicationD.assistexpertsingroupdiscussions27.WhichisarequirementfortheSAMSProgramapplicants?A.Graduatingfromatoplocalhighschool.B.Comingfromanon-nativeEnglishfamily.C.Havingpreviousinvolvementincommunitywork.D.Beingchildrenofparentswithoutcollegeeducation.【答案】25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了夏季數(shù)學與科學學院(SAMS)項目，包括項目內(nèi)容、課程亮點、申請要求等信息?！?5題詳解】公眾號：高中試卷君細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheSummerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)Programmirrorstheundergraduate(本科生)experience,givingrisingseniorstheopportunitytoexplorethefascinatingworldofscience,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Weprovideyouwithexperiencethatincludesacademicandpersonaldevelopmentbothinsideandoutsideoftheclassroominordertopreparestudentsforthefuture.Liveandlearninacollegesettingthatwillchallengeyoutodiscoveryourbestself.(夏季數(shù)學與科學學院(SAMS)項目反映了本科生的經(jīng)歷，為即將升入高三的學生提供了探索科學、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(STEM)這一迷人世界的機會。我們?yōu)槟峁┌ㄕn堂內(nèi)外學術(shù)和個人發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗，為學生的未來做好準備。在大學環(huán)境中生活和學習，挑戰(zhàn)您發(fā)現(xiàn)最好的自己)”可知，SAMS項目幫助學生體驗大學生活。故選B?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourseHighlights部分中“CompletetheFromStudenttoScholar,acoursedesignedtohelpstudentsbetterunderstandwhotheyare,whotheywanttobe,andlearnwhatittakestogetthere.(完成從學生到學者的課程，這門課程旨在幫助學生更好地了解自己是誰，想成為什么樣的人，并學習如何實現(xiàn)這一目標)”可知，在SAMS項目中，學生將形成更好的自我意識。故選A?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ApplicationRequirements部分中“TobequalifiedfortheSAMSProgram,studentsmust:(要獲得SAMS項目的資格，學生必須：)”以及“Haveanexperiencethatdemonstratesacommitmentincommunityengagement.(有參與社區(qū)活動的經(jīng)歷)”可知，SAMS項目申請人的要求是之前參與過社區(qū)工作。故選C。BRunninghasalwaysbeenmywaytojustbreathe.ItusedtobethatwhenIran,mybodyspedforward,butmymindfoundararestillness,makingmefeelstrong,grounded,clear-headedandfree.ThatchangedduringthethirdyearofmyundergraduatewhenIwasdeeplyhurtbysomeoneItrusted—someoneIconsideredafriend.Almostovernight,IwithdrewfromthesocialpersonIoncewas.IfeltIneededtofindawaytodealwithitonmyown.Runninglateatnightsandinearlymorningsbecamemyshelterfromthatbadmemory.Iwassearchingforacureintheacheofmymusclesandtheburnofmylungs.Iranfasterandharder,thinkingthatmaybeifIabusedmybody,thepainwouldgoaway.IpusheddistancesandlimitsIhadnevertriedbefore.Thatfall,Isignedupforafullmarathon.Irememberthemomentmyrightkneegaveout4monthsintomytraining.Asharppainhit.Icollapsedandcried,releasingtearsIhadheldbackformonths.Icouldnolongerputpressureonmyrightknee.Gradually,asIrecovered,Istartedrunningagain.Tomysurprise,Ifeltashift,subtle(不易察覺的)atfirst.Myruns,oncefuelledbypain,becamequieter.Theroaddidn’tdemandasmuchfromme.Asmall,barelyheardvoiceinsidemesaid,“Enough.”Inolongerneededtorunforthehurt.Ihadlearnedtolivewithit,andtocarrythepainwithoutlettingitconsumeordefineme.Iswitchedtorunningahalfmarathontoallowmybodytorecoverandbeganrunningalongsidefriendsandjoiningwomen’srunninggroups.WhenIcrossedthefinishline,itwasn’tareleasebutratherarecognitionofthestrengthIhadalwayscarried.Unstopping.Ifeltlikemyselfagain.Ittaughtmetopause,toaskmyselfwhatIrunfor,andtolearntobekindtothebodythatcarriesmeeverystepoftheway.28.Whatmadetheauthoravoidsocializing?A.Theneedforrunning. B.Thesearchforfreedom.C.Thepursuitofaclearmind. D.Theharmfromafriend.29.Whydidtheauthorrunfasterandharder?A.Toeasehersuffering. B.Totrainhermuscles.C.Tounlockherpotential. D.Tofightforamarathon.30.Asforrunning,howdidtheauthorfeelafterherknee’sinjury?A.Excited. B.Challenged. C.Relieved. D.Disappointed.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Loveisaverb.Actitout.B.Thinktwicebeforeyoumove.C.Youholdtheseedofyourrebirth.D.Successisbuiltonfocus,notfear.【答案】28.D29.A30.C31.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者因朋友傷害而逃避社交，通過跑步尋求治愈，最終學會與傷痛共處并找回自我的經(jīng)歷?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThatchangedduringthethirdyearofmyundergraduatewhenIwasdeeplyhurtbysomeoneItrusted—someoneIconsideredafriend.Almostovernight,IwithdrewfromthesocialpersonIoncewas.(這在我本科第三年發(fā)生了變化，當時我被我信任的人深深傷害了——一個我認為是朋友的人。幾乎一夜之間，我從曾經(jīng)的那個善于社交的人中退縮了。)”可知，作者因為被朋友傷害而開始逃避社交。故選D?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Iwassearchingforacureintheacheofmymusclesandtheburnofmylungs.Iranfasterandharder,thinkingthatmaybeifIabusedmybody,thepainwouldgoaway.(我在肌肉的疼痛和肺部的灼燒中尋找治愈方法。我跑得更快更猛，心想也許如果我虐待自己的身體，疼痛就會消失。)”可知，作者跑得更快更猛是為了減輕痛苦。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Icollapsedandcried,releasingtearsIhadheldbackformonths.(我倒下哭了，釋放了我憋了幾個月的眼淚。)”以及“Gradually,asIrecovered,Istartedrunningagain.Tomysurprise,Ifeltashift,subtle(不易察覺的)atfirst.Myruns,oncefuelledbypain,becamequieter.Theroaddidn’tdemandasmuchfromme.

(漸漸地，隨著我康復，我又開始跑步了。令我驚訝的是，我感到了一種轉(zhuǎn)變，起初很微妙。我的跑步曾經(jīng)因疼痛而加速，現(xiàn)在變得更安靜了。)”“Inolongerneededtorunforthehurt.Ihadlearnedtolivewithit,andtocarrythepainwithoutlettingitconsumeordefineme.(我不再需要為受傷而奔跑。我學會了忍受它，學會了承受痛苦，而不是讓它吞噬或定義我)”可知，作者膝蓋受傷后倒下哭了，但逐漸康復后，再次跑步時感到了一種轉(zhuǎn)變，因為她不再用跑步宣泄痛苦，受傷后作者對跑步的感覺是解脫的。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Ifeltlikemyselfagain.Ittaughtmetopause,toaskmyselfwhatIrunfor,andtolearntobekindtothebodythatcarriesmeeverystepoftheway.(我又找回了自我。它教會我停下來，問問自己為什么跑步，并學會善待每一步都陪伴著我的身體。)”可知，文章通過講述作者因朋友傷害而逃避社交，通過跑步尋求治愈，最終學會與傷痛共處并找回自我的經(jīng)歷，傳達了“自我救贖與成長”的主題，即“你掌握著自己重生的種子”。故選C。CANationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)projectthatstudiedoverahundredyoungpeopleastheygrewupduringthe1990sshowedthatourbrainsundergoamassivereorganizationbetweenour12thand25thyears.Thebraindoesn’tactuallygrowverymuchduringthisperiod.Ithasalreadyreached90percentofitsfullsizebythetimeapersonissix.Butaswemovethroughadolescence,thebrainundergoesextensiveremodeling,resemblinganetworkandwiringupgrade.BeatrizLunaprofessorofUniversityofPittsburgh,usedneuroimagingtostudytheteenbrain.Lunascannedthebrainsofchildren,teens,andtwentysomethingswhiletheyperformedaspecifictask.Theyviewascreenonwhichtheredcrosshairsatthecenteroccasionallydisappearjustasalightflasheselsewhereonthescreen.Theinstructionsaretonotlookatthelightandinsteadtolookintheoppositedirection.Asensordetectsanyeyemovement.Ten-year-oldsfailabout45percentofthetime.Teensdomuchbetter.WhatLunafoundmostinteresting,however,wasnotthosescores.Itwasthebrainscansshetookwhilepeopletookthetest.Comparedwithadults,teenstendedtomakelessuseofbrainregionsthatspoterrors,plan,andstayfocused—areastheadultsseemedtobringonlineautomatically.Thislettheadultsuseavarietyofbrainresourcesandbetterresistdistractions,whiletheteensusedthoseareaslessoftenandmorereadilygaveintotheimpulsetolookattheflashinglight.Thishelpsexplainwhyteensbehavewithsuchannoyinginconsistency:attractingatbreakfast,disgustingatdinner;masterfulonMonday,sleepwalkingonSaturday.Meanwhile,takeinspirationinonelastdistinctionoftheteenbrain—afinalkeytobothitsawkwardnessanditsremarkableadaptability.Thisisthelastingplasticityofthoselate-developingfrontalareasastheyslowlymature.Andatfirstglancethisseemslikebadnews:Ifweneedtheseareasforthecomplextaskofenteringtheworld,whyaren’ttheyrunningatfullspeedwhenthechallengesaremostdiscouraging?Theansweristhatspeedcomesatthepriceofflexibility.AccordingtoDouglasFields,anNIHneuroscientist,“Thismeanstheperiodwhenabrainareaisgettingupgradedisasortofcrucialperiodoflearning—oncethat’sdoneit’shardertochange.”Thelong,slow,back-to-frontdevelopmentalwave,completedonlyinthemid-20s,appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.Itmaybeoneofourmostsequential.Itcanseemabitcrazythatwehumansdon’twiseupabitearlierinlife.Butifwesmartenedupsooner,we’dendupmorestupid.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resembling”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Buildingup. B.Lookinglike.C.Breakingdown. D.Connectingto.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Bepatientandteamscanstillbesmarter.B.Befocusedandwewillfacetheworldbetter.C.Brainshavethetendencytolevelupwhenneeded.D.Brains’processingspeediscompromisedastheymature.34Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toanalysethecompositionofhumanbrains.B.Tofindreasonforteens’inconsistentbehaviours.C.Tomakeacontrastbetweenteenandadultbrains.D.Toexplainhumanbrainsdevelopatareasonablepace.【答案】32.B33.A34.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人類大腦在12歲到25歲之間經(jīng)歷大規(guī)模重組，解釋了青少年行為特點及大腦發(fā)育的合理性?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Butaswemovethroughadolescence,thebrainundergoesextensiveremodeling,resemblinganetworkandwiringupgrade.(但是，當我們進入青春期時，大腦會經(jīng)歷廣泛的重塑，就像網(wǎng)絡(luò)和線路升級一樣。)”可知，大腦經(jīng)歷重塑，類似于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和線路的升級，故resembling意為“像，類似于”。選項B“Lookinglike.(看起來像。)”符合題意。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thelong,slow,back-to-frontdevelopmentalwave,completedonlyinthemid-20s,appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.Itmaybeoneofourmostsequential.Itcanseemabitcrazythatwehumansdon'twiseupabitearlierinlife.Butifwesmartenedupsooner,we’dendupmorestupid.(這種漫長、緩慢、從后到前的發(fā)展浪潮，直到20多歲中期才完成，似乎是人類獨有的適應方式。這可能是我們最具順序性的特征之一。我們?nèi)祟愒谏缙跊]有變得更聰明一點，這似乎有點瘋狂。但如果我們早點變得聰明，我們最終會變得更笨。)”可知，要有耐心，青少年仍然可以更聰明。故選A?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中“ANationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)projectthatstudiedoverahundredyoungpeopleastheygrewupduringthe1990sshowedthatourbrainsundergoamassivereorganizationbetweenour12thand25thyears.(美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院（NIH）的一項項目對上世紀90年代成長起來的100多名年輕人進行了研究，結(jié)果顯示，我們的大腦在12歲到25歲之間會經(jīng)歷大規(guī)模的重組。)”以及最后一段中“Thelong,slow,back-to-frontdevelopmentalwave,completedonlyinthemid-20s,appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.(這種漫長、緩慢、從后到前的發(fā)展浪潮，直到20多歲中期才完成，似乎是人類獨有的適應方式。)”可知，文章主要解釋了人類大腦在青少年時期到成年早期的發(fā)育過程，以及這一發(fā)育過程的合理性和必要性，即人類大腦以合理的速度發(fā)育。選項D“Toexplainhumanbrainsdevelopatareasonablepace.(解釋人類大腦以合理的速度發(fā)育。)”符合題意。故選D。DAh,theworldOh,theworld—Moby-Dick.Thefirstscientificstudyofspermwhaleswaspublishedin1835byaScottishshipdoctornamedThomasBeale.Bealebelievedspermwhalestobesilent.HermanMelvillereliedheavilyonBealeincomposingMoly-Dick.“Thewhalehasnovoice,”Melvillewrote.“Butthenagain,”hewenton,“whathasthewhaletosay?SeldomhaveIspermwhaleknownanyprofoundbeingthathadanythingtosaytothisworld,unlessforcedtospeakoutsomethingbywayofgettingaliving.”Thequestionofwhetheranyspeciespossessesa“communicationsystem”comparabletothatofhumansisanopenandmuchdebatedone.Inthe1950s,thebehavioristB.F.Skinnerarguedthatchildrenlearnlanguagethroughpositivereinforcement;therefore,otheranimalsshouldbeabletodothesame.ThelinguistNoamChomskyhadadifferentview.Hedismissedthenotionthatkidsacquirelanguageviaconditioning,andalsothepossibilitythatlanguagewasavailabletootherspecies.MichaelBronstein,acomputerscientistfromtheRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudyinCambridge,decidedtodiscoverthemeaningofspermwhales’codas—quickburstsofclicksproducedbythewhales—whichtheyexchangewithoneanother.ThuswasborntheCetaceanTranslationInitiative—ProjectCETIforshort,whichrepresentsthemostambitious,themosttechnologicallyadvanced,andthemostwell-fundedeffortevermadetocommunicatewithanotherspecies.“OneimportantthingthatIthinkwillbeanoutcomeofthisprojecthastodowithhowweseelifeonlandandintheoceans,”Bronsteinsaid.“Ifweunderstand—orwehaveevidence,andveryclearevidenceintheformoflanguage-likecommunication—thatintelligentcreaturesarelivingthereandthatwearedestroyingthem,thatcouldchangethewaythatweapproachourEarth.Ifwecouldunderstandwhatthey’resaying,insteadof‘savethewhales’itwillbe‘savedbythewhales’.”AIsharesthishope.OratleasttheAI-poweredlanguagemodelissmartenoughtoexpressit.Notlongago,sufferingfromwriter’sblock,IaskedanAIchatbotifitcouldrewriteMoby-Dickfromthewhale’sperspective.TheAIchatbotwrote:Deepinthesea,Ilongedtocommunicatewiththecaptain,toshowhimthatmykind,too,hademotionsandfamiliestoprotect.Butthelanguagebarrierbetweenourworldsremainedagapthatcannotbebridged.Andthestoryendswithasomewhatdepressingbutnotunaffectedemotionalrequest:I,theWhiteWhale,couldonlywonderiftherewouldevercomeadaywhenmanandwhalewouldunderstandeachother,findingharmonyinthevastnessoftheocean’sembrace.35.WhydoestheauthorquoteHermanMelville?A.Torevealthepossibilityofwhales’talking.B.Topresentthepopularityofwhalesinliterature.C.Tohighlightthevalueofvoicesinmakingaliving.D.Toprovecommunicationsystemisuniquetohumans.36.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Livinginagreementwithnatureiswellunderway.B.TheauthormaybelieveSkinnermorethanChomsky.C.AIchatbotshaveabigadvantageoverhumansinwriting.D.CETIwassetuptoproveotherintelligentcreaturesexist.37.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Humanscancorrecttheirmistakewhentheyknowit.B.Humansaretoostubborntounderstandotherspecies.C.Tofigureoutwhetherotheranimalshavelanguagesisurgent.D.Weneedcrosslanguagebarrierstogetthroughtootherspecies.38.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.LookAhead:HowAreHumans’BehavioursAffectingtheNature?B.TalktoThem:CanWeBeEquippedtoSpeaktoAnotherSpecies?C.ThinkAgain:WhatcontributionWillAIMaketoAnimals’Survival?D.ReflectonOurselves:AreOtherAnimalsSeenasinferiortoHumans?【答案】35.A36.B37.D38.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人類是否能夠與其他物種（如抹香鯨）進行交流，并探討了跨物種交流的可能性和重要性?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Bealebelievedspermwhalestobesilent.HermanMelvillereliedheavilyonBealeincomposingMoly-Dick.“Thewhalehasnovoice,”Melvillewrote.“Butthenagain,”hewenton,“whathasthewhaletosay?SeldomhaveIspermwhaleknownanyprofoundbeingthathadanythingtosaytothisworld,unlessforcedtospeakoutsomethingbywayofgettingaliving.”(比爾認為抹香鯨是沉默的。赫爾曼·梅爾維爾在創(chuàng)作《白鯨記》時大量借鑒了比爾的觀點?！蚌L魚沒有聲音，”梅爾維爾寫道?！暗捳f回來，”他接著說，“鯨魚有什么要說的呢？我很少知道有哪頭抹香鯨對這個世界有什么要說的，除非是為了謀生而被迫說出些什么?！?”可知，作者引用梅爾維爾的話，先借其觀點引出“鯨魚無聲”的傳統(tǒng)認知，再通過轉(zhuǎn)折暗示鯨魚可能有未被理解的交流方式，從而揭示鯨魚說話的可能性。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thequestionofwhetheranyspeciespossessesa“communicationsystem”comparabletothatofhumansisanopenandmuchdebatedone.Inthe1950s,thebehavioristB.F.Skinnerarguedthatchildrenlearnlanguagethroughpositivereinforcement;therefore,otheranimalsshouldbeabletodothesame.ThelinguistNoamChomskyhadadifferentview.Hedismissedthenotionthatkidsacquirelanguageviaconditioning,andalsothepossibilitythatlanguagewasavailabletootherspecies.(關(guān)于是否有任何物種擁有與人類相當?shù)摹敖涣飨到y(tǒng)”這一問題，目前仍是一個開放且備受爭議的話題。20世紀50年代，行為主義者B.F.Skinner認為，孩子們通過正面強化來學習語言；因此，其他動物也應該能夠做到這一點。然而，語言學家NoamChomsky則持有不同觀點。他否定了孩子們通過條件反射習得語言的觀念，也否定了其他物種擁有語言的可能性。)”以及第六段“AIsharesthishope.OratleasttheAI-poweredlanguagemodelissmartenoughtoexpressit.Notlongago,sufferingfromwriter’sblock,IaskedanAIchatbotifitcouldrewriteMoby-Dickfromthewhale’sperspective.(人工智能也懷揣著同樣的愿景——至少AI語言模型足夠智能去表達這一點。不久前，我受困于寫作瓶頸，讓AI聊天機器人從鯨魚視角重寫《白鯨記》。)”、倒數(shù)第三段“Deepinthesea,Ilongedtocommunicatewiththecaptain,toshowhimthatmykind,too,hademotionsandfamiliestoprotect.Butthelanguagebarrierbetweenourworldsremainedagapthatcannotbebridged.(在深海中，我渴望與船長溝通，想讓他知