Unit1MakingadifferenceTeachingGoals:1.TalkaboutscienceandScientists2.LearnmoreabouttheInfinitive3.PractisedescribingpeopleanddebatingTeachingTime:6periodsTheFirstPeriodTeachingAims:1.Learnandmasterthefollowingwords:Inspiration,perspiration,undertake,analysis,obvious,within,quote2.Talkaboutscienceandscientists.3.Listentothedescriptionofsomescientists.4.Dosomespeaking,describingpeopleanddebating.TeachingImportantPoints:1.Trainthestudents’listeningabilitybylisteningpractice.2.Trainthestudents’speakingabilitybytalkingaboutscienceandscientists,describingpeopleanddebating.TeachingDifficultPoints:1.Howtoimprovethestudents’listeningability.2.Howtohelpstudentsfinishthetaskofspeaking.TeachingMethods:1.Warminguptoarousethestudents’interestinscience.2.Listening-and-answeringactivitytohelpthestudentsgothroughthelisteningmaterial.3.Individual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass.TeachingAids:1.amultimedia2.ataperecorder3.theblackboardTeachingProcedures:Step=1\*ROMANIWarmingup1.T:Therearemanyoutstandingscientistsintheworld,whomadegreatcontributionstosocietyandscience.Nowlookatthepicturesonpage1,tellmewhatarethesescientistsfamousfor?(Bb)ScientistsContributionsMariaCurieRadium/PoloniumAlbertEinsteinTheTheoryofRelativity…2.T:Welldone.Ithinkyouareallinterestedinscienceandscientists.Whatdoyouthinkmakesasuccessfulscientist?Haveadiscussioninpairsorgroupsoffour.Thenreporttheresultsofyourdiscussion.(Itisthewayheuseshistoolsthatmakesasuccessfulscientist.Asuccessfulscientistmusthavemuchimaginationandintelligenceandhemustbecreativeandhard-working.Asuccessfulscientistmustbeconfident,curiousandcareful.ButwhatIliketoknowiswhatmadehim/herinterestedinscience…)T:Nowlookatthequotesonpage1.doyouknowwhattheymean?Anddoyouagree?天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的靈感。想象力比知識更重要。生活中沒有什么可怕的東西，只有需要理解的東西。分析明顯存在的事物需要非凡的頭腦。你不可能把一切教給一個人，你只能幫助他在他自己的認(rèn)知范圍內(nèi)去發(fā)現(xiàn)和了解事物。T:Doyouknowanyotherquotesaboutscienceandthinking?Wisdomisonlyfoundintruth.--JohannWolfgangvonGoethe.Knowledgeispower.–FrancisBacon.Step=2\*ROMANIIListeningT:OK.NowletsdosomelisteningpracticeonP2.Wearegoingtolistentothedescriptionsofsomefamousscientists.Readtherequirementsbyyourselvesquickly.Listentothetapeforthefirsttimetogetageneralidea,andthentrytofinishtheexx.Step=3\*ROMANIIISpeakingT:Nowlet’slookatthespeakingpartonP2.Workingroupsoffive.Eachgroupmemberrepresentsabranchofscience,egbiology,maths,chemistry,physics,computerscience.Youaregoingtodebateeachothertoseewhichbranchofscienceisthemostimportantandusefulforsociety.Firstyoushoulddecidewhowillrepresenteachbranchandthenprepareyourrolecardtodebate.Youcanusetheexpressions.Step=4\*ROMANIVLanguagepoints(computer)1．Ittakesaveryunusualmindtoundertaketheanalysisoftheobvious．分析明顯存在的事物需要非凡的頭腦。(1)undertake(undertook，undertaken)vt．承擔(dān)(工作，責(zé)任等)，承辦+名詞例：Heundertookthedifficulttaskwillingly．他欣然承擔(dān)那項困難的工作。1willundertaketheresponsibilityforyou．我會為你負(fù)起責(zé)任。vt.著手，進(jìn)行，企圖+名詞例：Heundertookanewexperiment．他著手一項新的實驗。(2)analysis復(fù)數(shù)形式analyses．Achemicalanalysis化學(xué)分析Wemadeacarefulanalysisoftheproblem．我們仔細(xì)分析了那個問題。(3)obviousadj.(moreobvious，mostobvious)明顯的，明白的，顯而易見的obviouslyadv．例：Hetoldheranobviouslie．他對她扯了一個明顯的謊言。Itisobviousthat…．…是顯然的。例：Itisquiteobviousthathedidn'tdoithimself．顯然他沒有親自去做。Itseemedobviousthathesufferedfromabadcold．顯然他得了重感冒。2．Thereisnodoubtthat．毫無疑問．．例：Thereisnodoubtthatourteamwillwin．我隊獲勝是毫無疑問的。Idon'tdoubtthatwewillwinthegame．(否定句用that)我不懷疑我們將會贏得這場比賽。Doyoudoubtthathehaspassedthefinalexamination?(疑問句用that)你懷疑他已通過期末考試了嗎?Idoubtwhetherheisthebestmanforthejob．(肯定句用whether)我懷疑他是否是擔(dān)任那項工作的最適當(dāng)人選。HomeworkPreviewthereadingmaterial.Reviewthewordsandexpressionsinthisperiod.Step=5\*ROMANVTheDesignoftheWritingontheBbUnit1MakingadifferenceTheFirstPeriodScientistsContributionsMadameCurieRadium/PoloniumEdisonThelightbulbEinsteinTheTheoryofRelativity…Recordafterteaching:TheSecond&ThirdPeriodTeachingAims:1.Learnandmastertheusefulwordsandphrases.2.Trainthestudents’readingability.3.LetthestudentslearnfromStephenHawking.TeachingImportantPoints:1.Masterthefollowingphrasesandsentencepattern:workon,goby,beengagedto,goonwithsth,dreamof,turnoutThereisnopoint(in)doingsth.2.Enablethestudentstounderstandthetextbetter.3.Improvethestudents’readingability.TeachingDifficultPoints:1.Howtomakethestudentsunderstandthereadingtextbetter.2.Howtomakethestudentsunderstandthefollowingsentence.Theredidn’tseemmuchpointinworkingonthePhD.TeachingMethods:1.ScanningthetexttogetsomeinformationaboutHawking.2.Carefulreadingtoanswersomedetailedquestions.3.Discussionafterreadingthepassagetomakethestudentslearnhowtousethescientificmethodtosolvetheproblem.4.Individual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass.TeachingAids:1.acomputer2.ataperecorder3.theblackboardTeachingProcedures:Step=1\*ROMANILead-inandPre-readingT:Yesterdaywelearntsomequotesfromsomescientists.Nowlookatthepictureonthescreen.Doyouknowwhothepersonis?(StephenHawking,oneofthegreatestphysicistsofourtime,ABriefHistoryofTime)TodaywearegoingtolearnapassageaboutStephenHawking.ItwilltellusHawking’sdetermination,thoughtsandsometheories.Firstlet’slearnsomenewwordsandphrases.ThenturntoP3.LookatthequestionsinPre-readingquicklyandthenscanthetextasquicklyaspossibleandfindtheanswerstothem.Answers:1Becausehewantedajob.2Hawkingbecamefamousintheearly1970s,whenheandAmericanRogerPenrosemadenewdiscoveriesabouttheBigBangandblackholes.3In2002,HawkingvisitedChinaandspoketouniversitystudentsinHangzhouandBeijing.Step=2\*ROMANIIReadingT:Welldone.Nowreadthepassageonceascarefullyaspossible.Thenanswersomedetailedquestionsonthescreen.Youmaydiscusstheminpairsifnecessary.WhatdidStephenHawkingdowhenhewastoldthathehadanincurabledisease?1.Howwouldmostpeoplefeelwhentheyweretoldthattheyhadincurabledisease?2.WhatdidHawkingwritein1988?3.WhatdidHawkingexplaininthebook?4.AccordingtoHawking,howdopeoplemisunderstandscience?5.Whatarethebasicstepsofthescientificmethod?6.WhatisitthatHawkingdoesn’tlikeabouthisspeechcomputer?Step=3\*ROMANIIIlanguagepointsTheredidn'tseemmuchpointinworkingonmyPhD—Ididn'texpecttosurvivethatlong·取得博士學(xué)位對我來說沒有什么意義，我沒有期望活那么久。PhD(DoctorofPhilosophy)指“博士學(xué)位”Thereisnopointindoingsth．表示“做某事沒有作用或沒有意義”。例：Thereisnopointinarguingfurther．繼續(xù)爭執(zhí)下去沒有意義了。Thereisnopointinprotesting．Itwon’thelpmuch．抗議沒有什么用處，于事無補(bǔ)。that在此處為副詞，意為“那么”，可以修飾形容詞。this也有此用法。例：Ididn'texpecthewasthatrude．我沒料到他會那么粗魯。Ihaveneverbeenoutthislatebefore．我從未在外面呆到這么晚過。Pleasecutmyhairaboutthismuch．請把我的頭發(fā)剪掉這么長。4．YettwoyearshadgonebyandIwasnotthatmuchworse．但兩年過去了，我的情況卻沒那么糟糕。Goby意思是“(時間)過去”。例：Timewentbysoquickly．Wearealreadyattheendofoursummerholiday．時間過得真快，轉(zhuǎn)眼我們已經(jīng)要結(jié)束暑假了。Thirtyyearswentbyandherhairwasbeginningtoturngray．三十年過去了，她的頭發(fā)開始變白了。5．Infact，thingsweregoingratherwellformeandIhadgottenengagedtoaverynicegirl，JanWilde．事實上，事情發(fā)展得還挺順利。我和一位非常好的女孩簡·懷爾得訂婚了。get／beengagedtosb．“與某人訂婚”例：Didyouheartheyhavegotengagedlastmonth?你有沒有聽說他們上個月訂婚的消息?TomgotengagedtoMary，whomhehadmetonthetrain．湯姆和瑪麗訂婚了，他們在火車上認(rèn)識的。Beengagedin(on)+n．／doingsth．從事(工作)的，忙于……的例：Shewasengagedinprotectingwildbirds．她從事保護(hù)野生鳥類的工作。RightnowI’mengaged．我現(xiàn)在正忙著。beengaged(電話等)通話中的，占線中的，相當(dāng)于美國英語的busy．例：Theline／numberisengaged。線路被占用。engagementn．訂婚(to)例：announceone'sengagementto…宣布與…訂婚breakoffone'sengagement解除婚約，解約engagementring訂婚戒指(戴在左手無名指上)6．Scientists，ontheotherhand，Hawkingwrites，knowthattheirjobisneverfinishedandthateventhebesttheorycanturnouttobewrong．霍金寫到，從另一個方面說，科學(xué)家知道他們的工作是永無止境的，即使是最完美的理論，也可能是錯誤的。Turnouttobe“結(jié)果是”“最后的情況是”+副／+形／+todo／+that．．例：Theweathermansaiditwasgoingtorainthisafternoonbutitturnedouttobeverylovely．天氣預(yù)報說今天下午有雨，其實今天天氣非常好。Thelectureturnedouttobeverydull．講座結(jié)果很無聊。Everythingturnedoutwell．一切順?biāo)臁herumorturnedout(tobe)true．那謠言后來證明是真的。Itturnedout(that)twotravelershadbeenkilled后來證實(查明)有兩位旅客喪生。turnoutvi.(為集會等)外出，去。turnoutvt.．(可分開用)關(guān)(熄滅)(煤氣，電燈油燈等)turnoutvt.(可分開用)生產(chǎn)(產(chǎn)品)，出產(chǎn)例：Thefactorycanturnoutl000carsaday．這家工廠一天能生產(chǎn)1000輛汽車。7．Everyonehashisorherspecialskillsandinterests，andonlybydiscoveringwhatwedobestcanwehopetoreachourgoalsandtrulymakeadifference．每個人都有自己的專長和興趣，只有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的專長，我們才能期望達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)，真正與眾不同。only修飾介詞短語或從句時，要求倒裝。例：OnlyatthattimedidIrealizeitsimportance．直到那時我才意識到它的重要性。OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglishstudy．只有這樣你才能在英語學(xué)習(xí)上取得進(jìn)步。Onlywhenyoufinishyourhomeworkcanyougoouttoplayfootball．只有當(dāng)你完成作業(yè)你才能出去踢球。only修飾主語時，通常置于主語之前。例：Onlyyouunderstandme．只有你了解我。only修飾主語以外時，通常置于動詞之前(有be動詞、助動詞時，則置于其后)例：Sheonlyeatsvegetables．她只吃蔬菜。Ionlylentyouthemoney．那筆錢我只是借給你(不是給你)。Heonlyworkswhenhe'sgothomework．他只在有家庭作業(yè)時才做功課。I'veonlyseenhimonce．我只見過他一次。8．Imaginethis：youaretwenty-oneyearsoldandapromisinggraduatestudentatoneofthetopuniversitiesintheworld．想象一下這種情況：你二十一歲是世界最有名大學(xué)里的一個有希望的畢業(yè)生。imagine+名詞例：Canyouimaginelifewithoutelectricity?你能想像沒有電的生活嗎?Thegir1triedtoimaginethegentlemanasherfather．這女孩試著把這位紳土想像成自己的父親。imagine+doing想像做·”例：Ididn'timaginebecomingawriterinmychildhood．在孩提時代，我并未想像成為一名作家。imagine+名(人)+doing想像(某人)做…例：Ican'timaginehermarryinghim．我無法想像她和他結(jié)婚。imagine+(that)…／wh—想像…；想…，推測(不可用進(jìn)行時)例：Imagineyouareabird．想像你是一只鳥。Canyouimaginehowmuch1wassurprisedtoseeit?你能想像我看見它后感到多么驚訝嗎?Iimagine(that)Ihavemetyousomewherebefore．我想以前曾在哪里見過你。Canyouimaginewhatheisdoing?你能猜測他在做什么嗎?(Just)imagine(it)!想想看!Imagination(名)imaginative(形)promising(形)有希望的，有前途的，前途光明的例：apromisingactress有前途的女演員9．Sincethen，Hawkinghascontinuedtoseekanswerstoquestionsaboutthenatureoftheuniverse．從那時起，霍金就繼續(xù)尋求關(guān)于宇宙特征的問題的答案。seek+(forafter)+名詞搜尋，尋找；尋求，探求；追求例：Theysoughtshelterfromtherain．他們找尋避雨的地方。Hefounditworthlesstoseekfame．他發(fā)現(xiàn)追求名聲是不值得的。Wemustseek(for)asolutiontotheproblem我們必須尋求解決問題的方法。seek+名征求，請求，Hesoughthisdoctor'sadvice．他向醫(yī)生請教(征求醫(yī)生的意見)。StepIVListeningandConsolidationT:NowI’llplaythetape.Youcanfollowitinalowvoice.Payattentiontoyourpronunciationandintonation.ThendoexxinPost-reading.=4\*ROMANHomeworkT:Learnthewordsandphrasesbyheartandtrytousethemfreelyandcorrectly.Readthetextfluentlyandrecitesomeimportantsentences.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBbUnit1MakingadifferenceTheSecondPeriodUsefulexpressions:workon+n./pron./doing,goby:pass,be/getengaged(tosb.):beboundbyapromisetomarry,goonwithsth:continuewithsth,dreamof:imagine,turnout:prove(tobe),Sentencepattern:Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.=Thereisnogoodreasonfordoingsth.Recordafterteaching:TheFourthPeriodTeachingAims:Reviewthewordslearntinthelasttwoperiods.LearnhowtoexplainthewordsinEnglish.LearnandmastertheusagesoftheInfinitive.TeachingImportantPoints:MastertheusagesoftheInfinitive.TeachingDifficultPoints:1.HowtohelpthestudentslearntoexplainwordsinEnglish.2.HowtohelpthestudentsmastertheusagesoftheInfinitive.TeachingMethods:1.Reviewmethodtohelpthestudentsrememberwhattheyhavelearntbefore.2.ExplanationandinductivemethodstomakethestudentsmastertheusagesoftheInfinitive.3.Individualworkorpairworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass.TeachingAids:theblackboardTeachingProcedures:Step=1\*ROMANIRevisionHaveadictationofsomewordsandexpressions..Step=2\*ROMANIIWordStudyT:Nowlet’sdoanextoseehowtoexplainsomewordsinEnglish,accordingtothemeaningsofthesentences.PleaseturntoP5.Let’sdotheexinWordStudy.Choosetheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordineachsentence.Firstwe’lllearnanewphrase:useup.Doitbyyourselfandyoucandiscussinpairs.Step=3\*ROMANIIIGrammar（詳解見后）Bb:1.HehopedtovisitChinaagain.2.Ittookalotoftimetofinishthereport.3.Pleasegivetheboysthtoplaywith.4.Hewenthometoseehissickmother.5.Herwishistobecomeapopsinger.T:Tellmethefunctionoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence.S:No.1isusedastheobject.S:No.2isusedasthesubject.Itismoreusualtouseformalsubject“it”andtheinfinitivephraseisusuallyplacedattheendofthesentence,thatis“itis…todosth.”.S:No.3isusedastheattribute.S:No.4isusedastheadverbialforpurpose.S:No.5isusedasthepredicative.T:Nowlet’sdoanexonthescreen.Grouptheinfinitivesaccordingtohowtheyareused.1.Somethingsneed(1)tobebelieved(2)tobeseen.2.Thedoctortoldhimthathemaynothavemorethantwelvemonths(3)tolive.3.(4)Inordertogetmarried,Ineededajob,and(5)inordertogetajob,IneededaPhD.4.Readerswerepleasedandsurprised(6)tofindthatascientistcouldwriteabouthisworkinawaythatordinarypeoplecouldunderstand.5.Hetraveledaroundtheworld(7)togivelectures.6.Whatdoesitmean(8)tobeascientist?7.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficult(9)tounderstandhim.8.(10)Toexplainwhattheyhaveseen,theybuildatheoryabouthowthingshappenandthecausesandeffects.S:Subject:(8)Attribute(2)(3)Object(1)(9)Adverbial(4)(5)(6)(7)(10)Step=4\*ROMANIVPracticeT:Nowlet’sdosomeexercisesonP6,Ex2andEx3.Rewritethesentenceswith“tobedone”or“tohavebeendone”.Hewantedthenursestotakecareofthepatient.—Hewantedthepatienttobetakencareof.Because“thepatient”isthelogicalobjectof“takecareof”,thepassiveinfinitiveshouldbeusedinthesecondsentence.Thecarwasreportedtohavebeenstolen.ButwhentheactionexpressedbytheInfinitivehappensbeforethepredicate,theperfectinfinitiveshouldbeused.HomeworkFinishalltheexxinGrammar.PreviewthecontentinIntegratingskills.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBbUnit1MakingadifferenceTheThirdPeriodPhrase:useupGrammar:theInfinitiveHehopedtovisitChinaagain.Ittookalotoftimetofinishthereport.Pleasegivetheboysthtoplaywith.Hewenthometoseehissickmother.Herwishistobecomeapopsinger.Hewantedthenursestotakecareofthepatient.Hewantedthepatienttobetakencareof.Recordafterteaching:TheFifthPeriodTeachingAims:1.Revisethelanguagepointsandgrammar—theInfinitive.2.Learnandmasterthefollowingphrases:takealookat,whatif,theotherwayaround3.Dosomereadingandwritingpracticetoimprovethestudents’integratingskills.4.Learnhowtowriteadescriptiveparagraph.TeachingImportantPoints:1.Improvethestudents’integratingskills.2.Helpthestudentswriteadescriptiveparagraph.TeachingDifficultPoints:1.Howtohelpthestudentsunderstandthepassagebetter.2.Howtohelpthestudentslearntowriteadescriptiveparagraph.TeachingMethods:1.Doingexxtorevisewhatwe’velearntbefore.2.Asking-and-answeringactivitytogothroughthereadingmaterial.3.Discussiontohelpthestudentsunderstandthepassagebetter.4.Individual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentwork.TeachingAids:1.acomputer2.ataperecorder3.theblackboardTeachingProcedures:Step=1\*ROMANIRevisionT:Weknowthattheinfinitivecanbeusedasthesubject,object,adverbialandsoon.Nowlet’sdosomeexxtoseeifyouhavemasteredthemwellenough.Lookatthescreen.1.(1)Tolearnabouttheuniverse,youneed(2)tohaveatelescope(3)toobservethestarswith.2.Ittakestime(4)toknowaman.3.Pleaseremember(5)tobringmeabook.4.I’vegotalotofwork(6)todo.5.(7)Inordertocatchthefirstbus,shegotupearly.6.Itisimportantforus(8)tolearnEnglish.Subject:(4)(8)Object:(2)(5)Attribute:(3)(6)Adverbial:(1)(7)T:Let’sdoanotherex.Fillintheblanks,usingtheInfinitive.1.ThegoalofStephenHawking’sresearchistoandtoishisbiggestdream.2.Thedoctorthoughtheonlyhadthreemoreyearsto,whichturnedout.3.Wetookataxito.Wehurriedthere,onlyto.Wewereunhappyto.4.Hestudiedhardto.5.Lunchisready.Let’sstopto.T:Nowlet’srevisetheusefulexpressions.Doanextoseewhetheryouhavemasteredthemwell.1.Heonedaybecomingafamousviolinist.2.TomAnn.3.Twoweeksslowly.4.Hissuggestiontobeagoodone.5.Hehisink.6.Ifwedon’tfinishpaintingtheroomtoday,wecanittomorrow.7.Heanovel.Step=2\*ROMANIIReadingT:Thereweremanyscientistsintheworldinthepast,whosediscoveriesandinventionscanhelpusunderstandtheworldbetter.Canyousayoutthenamesofsomescientistsandtheirdiscoveries?……T:Doyouknowwhyandhowtheymadetheseimportantdiscoveriesorinventions?Thepassagetellsuswhatmakesthescientistsmadetheirdiscoveries.TurntoP7.Readthepassagequicklyandthenanswersomequestionsonthescreen.1.What’sthecharacteristicofGalileoGalilei?2.WhycouldStephenHawkingmakecontributionstosciencework?3.Whatcanbedescribedastheabilit