ContentsPartIIntroductiontotheCirculatorySystem

PartIIDiseasesRelatedtotheCirculatorySystemPartIIICelebrityandDiseasePartIVMedicalTerminologyRelatedtotheCirculatorySystem1PartVFurtherThinkingPartIVideo:IntroductiontotheCirculatorySystem2ThinkandTalkThecirculatorysystem,anorgansystem,consistsoftheheart,blood,andbloodvessels,whichcirculatesbloodandoxygenaroundhumanbody.Andthecirculationincludesthepulmonarycirculationandthesystemiccirculation.Thepulmonarycirculationreferstothe“l(fā)oop”throughthelungswherebloodisoxygenated.Andthesystemiccirculationisthecirculationwhichtakesoxygenatedbloodawayfromthehearttotherestofthebody,andsendsdeoxygenatedbloodbacktotheheart.Whenbloodiscirculatedbytheheartthroughthecirculatorysystem,thesystempermitsbloodtotransportoxygenandnutrientstobodytissuesandtakewastematerialsawayfromthere.Reference3TaskOne:BlankFillingbloodvessels(2)collects(3)pumps (4)thepulmonaryarteries(5)thebody WatchandDo(6)supplytissueswithoxygen(7)gates(8)pushedon(9)onceperheartbeat4TaskOne:BlankFillingWatchandDo(10)Bloodvesselscalledcoronaryarteriesextendoverthesurfaceofyourheartandbranchintosmallercapillaries5TaskTwo:CompleteSentences1.thesizeofyourfist,locatedslightlyleftofcenterinyourchestWatchandDo63.forcingbloodintothevesselsgoingtoyourlungsandbody4.highintherightatrium,deliveringthesignaltopump5.exchangeofoxygen-richbloodwithoxygen-poorblood2.circulatingthroughyourbodyTaskThree:DescriptionOurheartiscomposedoffourchambersandfourvalves.Therightsideoftheheart,madeoftherightatriumandventricle,collectsandpumpsbloodtothelungsthroughthepulmonaryarteries.Thelungsrefreshthebloodwithanewsupplyofoxygen,makingitturnred.Oxygen-richblood,“redblood,”thenenterstheleftsideoftheheart,composedoftheleftatriumandventricle,andispumpedthroughtheaortatothebodytosupplytissueswithoxygen.Fourvalveswithinyourheartkeepyourbloodmovingtherightway.Thetricuspid,mitral,pulmonaryandaorticvalvesworklikegatesonafence.WatchandDo7TaskThree:DescriptionTheyopenonlyonewayandonlywhenpushedon.Eachvalveopensandclosesonceperheartbeat—oraboutonceeverysecond.Abeatingheartcontractsandrelaxes.Contractioniscalledsystole,andrelaxingiscalleddiastole.WatchandDo8PartIIDiseasesRelatedtotheCirculatorySystem9PartIIDiseasesRelatedtotheUrinarySystemVideoOneCoronaryArteryDiseaseVideoTwoHypertension—HighBloodPressureAudioAirPollutionandCardiovascularDiseases10VideoOneCoronaryArteryDisease11ThinkandTalkIn2007,CindyHaney,aregisterednurse,beganhavingsomechestpainat26yearsofage.Andshehasaverystrongfamilyhistoryofcoronaryarterydisease(CAD).In2008,herchestpaingotworse,andherbloodpressurewasoutofcontrol.Hersymptomsgotsobadthatshedecidedtoseethecardiologistagain.Andthedoctorrecommendedacardiaccatheterization.Thecardiaccatheterizationwasdoneamonthlater.ItrevealedthatCindyhadseveremulti-vesselCAD.Cindycontinuedtohavechestpainwheninthehospital,andwastakenbacktothecatheterizationlabagainandreceivedtwomorestents.Reference12PartII-VideoOneThinkandTalkReference13PartII-VideoOneIn2009,Cindyagainhadsomechestpain,andwenttothehospitalagain.Andsheneededanothercardiaccatheterization.Severaldayslater,shehadacoronaryarterybypasssurgery.Althoughtherecoveryperiodafterwardisnoteasy,theresultshavebeenwellworthit.WatchandDoTaskOne:BlankFillingredbloodcells (2)theheartmuscle (3)containsfats (4)accumulates(5)theplaquebecomeslarger14PartII-VideoOneTaskTwo:Questionsandanswers1.stableanginaWatchandDoWatchandDo15PartII-VideoOne2.anacutecoronarysyndrome;anon-STsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction,unstableangina3.plaquerupturewithcoronarythrombosisVideoTwoHypertension—HighBloodPressure16ThinkandTalkHighbloodpressurecandamageyourhealthinmanyways.Itcanseriouslyhurtimportantorganslikeyourheart,brain,kidneys,andeyes.Thehigheryourbloodpressurelevels,themoreriskyouhaveforotherhealthproblems,suchasheartdisease,heartattack,strokeandevenearlydeath.Highbloodpressurecandamageyourarteriesbymakingthemlesselastic,whichdecreasestheflowofbloodandoxygentoyourheartandleadstoheartdisease.Inaddition,decreasedbloodflowtotheheartcancause:Stopsmokingassoonaspossible,whichishazardoustokidneysandincreasesotherdiseasesriskslikelungcancerandheartdisease.Drinkwaterinmoderation.Atleast2litersor8cupsofwaterisenoughforaveragehuman’sdailyfluidneed,butdrinkingtoomuchwatermayworsenthekidneyimpairmentwhichhasnotbeendetected.Reference17PartII-VideoTwoThinkandTalkChestpain,alsocalledangina.

Heartattack,whichhappenswhenthebloodsupplytoyourheartisblockedandheartmusclebeginstodiewithoutenoughoxygen.Thelongerthebloodflowisblocked,thegreaterthedamagetotheheart.Atlast,moderateexerciseisalwayshealthyforone’sbodyaswellaskidneys,especiallyaerobicexerciseoutsidethedoor.

Heartfailure,aconditionthatmeansyourheartcan’tpumpenoughbloodandoxygentoyourotherorgans.Adultswithdiabetes,highbloodpressure,orbothhaveahigherriskofdevelopingchronickidneydiseasethanthosewithouttheseconditions.Thegoodnewsisthat,inmostcases,youcanmanageyourbloodpressuretoloweryourriskforserioushealthproblems.Reference18PartII-VideoTwoTaskOne:TrueorFalse1.T2.T3.F4.T5.FWatchandDo19PartII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswersBloodpressurenormallyshowsdailypatternandisusuallyloweratnight,duringdaytimeitfluctuatewithphysicalactivityandemotionalstates.Hypertensiondoesnotcausesymptomsonitsown,butitslowlydamagesbloodvesselsandinthelongtermisamajorriskfactorforavarietyofcardiovasculardiseases.WatchandDo20PartII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswers3.Treatmentsmuststartwithlifestylechangessuchashealthylowsodiumdiets,physicalexerciseandstressmanagement.WatchandDo21PartII-VideoTwoTaskThree:BlankFilling

contractandpump(2)arterialpressure(3)diastolicpressure(4)fluctuates(5)emotionalstates

WatchandDo(6)classifiedas(7)obesity(8)hardened(9)kidneyproblems(10)endocrinedisturbances22TaskFour:WritingTopreventhighbloodpressure,everyoneshouldbeencouragedtomakelifestylemodifications,suchaseatingahealthierdiet,quittingsmoking,andgettingmoreexercise.Acriticalstepinpreventingandtreatinghighbloodpressureisahealthylifestyle.Youcanloweryourbloodpressurewiththefollowinglifestylechanges:formen,onedrinkadayforwomenLosingweightifyouareoverweightorobese;Quittingsmoking;WatchandDo23PartII-VideoTwoTaskFour:WritingEatingahealthydiet,eatingmorefruits,vegetables,andlow-fatdairyproducts,lesssaturatedandtotalfat;Reducingtheamountofsodiuminyourdiettolessthan1,500milligramsadayifyouhavehighbloodpressure;Gettingregularaerobicexercise(suchasbriskwalkingatleast30minutesaday,severaldaysaweek)Limitingalcoholtotwodrinksadayformen,onedrinkadayforwomenWatchandDo24PartII-VideoTwoAudioAirPollutionandCardiovascularDiseases25ThinkandTalkSeveralresearchesprovidecompellingevidencesonthecardiovasculareffectsoffineparticulatematter(PM)forthedevelopmentofatherosclerosisandcardiovasculardiseaseandintriggeringacutecardiacevents.PMPM2.5isstronglyassociatedwithincreasedincidenceofmyocardialinfarction(MI),strokeandvasculardysfunction;fineandultrafineparticlesshoweddirecttoxicityonmyocardialcells,whilstallPMs(includinggrossdust)showedindirecttoxiceffectsthatareabletopromotesystemicinflammation.However,itispreventable.Reference26PartII-AudioThinkandTalkForthegovernment,itisadvisabletoenforceairqualityregulationstoreduceairpollution.Fortheindividuals,itisnecessarytoreducepollutionexposurebychangingone’sbehavior,especiallyforthepeopleindevelopingcountries.EvidencesshowthatportableairfiltrationsystemcanreducetheindoorPM2.5concentrations.Usingparticulaterespiratorfacemaskappearedtoeffectivelyreducesymptomsandimprovecardiovascularhealthmeasuresinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease.Reference27PartII-AudioTaskOne:TrueorFalse1.T2.F3.T4.F5.FWatchandDo28PartII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:CompoundDictation(6)followed(7)ultrasound(8)measuredthethicknessofcarotidarterywalls(9)tothehead,neckandbrain(10)withnoothersignofheartdiseaseListenandDo(1)particulate(2)pouring(3)localized(4)Hardening(5)block29PartII-AudioTaskThree:ErrorCorrection1.fourpercent→twopercent2.indirectly→directly3.bleeding→hardening4.willkill→kill,nextyear→everyyear5.meat→fruitsWatchandDo30TaskFour:DiscussionInthemodernurbanworld,PMisprincipallyderivedfromfossilfuelcombustionwithindividualconstituentsvaryinginsize.Studiesfromacrosstheworldhaveconsistentlyshownthatbothshort-andlong-termexposurestoPMareassociatedwithahostofcardiovasculardiseases,includingmyocardialischaemiaandinfarctions,heartfailure,arrhythmias,strokesandincreasedcardiovascularmortality.Accordingly,personswithknownorsuspectedcardiovasculardisease,theelderly,diabeticpatients,pregnantwomen,andthosewithpulmonarydiseaseshouldbecounseledtolimitleisure-timeoutdooractivitieswhenairpollutionishigh.ListenandDo31PartII-AudioPartIIICelebrityandDiseaseWilsonGreatbatchVideo32VideoWilsonGreatbatch33ThinkandTalkTherearesomedeviceswhichwereinventedaccidentallyandchangedlivesofpeopleintheworldprofoundly.Tomyknowledge,theairconditionerwasactuallycreatedbychance.Manyyearsago,amachinewasintendedtobecreatedtogetridofhumidair.Itwasfoundthatthemachinecouldnotonlyremovethewetairbutalsodecreasethetemperatureintheroom.Thatisthecreationofairconditioner,whichcooledthespaceandbecamealmostindispensableinourlifeinhotsummerdays.Reference34PartIII-VideoOneTaskOne:OrderRearrangement7,5,1,3,2,4,6WatchandDo35PartIII-VideoOneTaskTwo:RetellingWatchandDo36PartIII-VideoOne

WilsonGreatbatchdecidedtomakeamachinetorecordthesoundofahumanheartinordertohelppeoplewithirregularorfastheartbeats.Afterheaddedinaresistorofthewrongsize,themachinestartedtogiveoutanirregularpulse,usingalmostnobatterypoweratall.Greatbatchthoughtifhecouldjustmakethemachinesmallenough,hewouldhavefoundawaytostimulateafailinghumanheart.However,thisideawasdoubtedbymedicalprofessions.Hespentmanyyearsperfectinghisinventionuntil,withthehelpofhisdog,hewonoverthemedicalprofessionandbegantoprolongthelivesofhundredsandthousandsofpatients.PartIVMedicalTerminology37PartIVMedicalTerminologyRoot1cardi/oRoot2angi/ovascul/ovas/o38Root1cardi/o39ThinkandTalkatriumventriclevalvecirculationcardiologycardialgiaendocardiummyocardiumcardiomyopathy pericardiumepicardiumpericarditisReference40PartIV-Root1TaskOne:MatchingcfeabdPracticeandProduce41PartIV-Root1TaskTwo:Explanationtachy-:beingfast brady-:beingslow my/o:muscle-ia:inflammation-megaly:enlargementofperi-:above-algia:pain PracticeandProduce42PartIV-Root1TaskThree:Review-ectomy:esophagectomy,gastrectomy,colectomy,pharyngectomy-otomy:angiotomy,valvulotomy,atriotomy,cardiotomy,phlebotomy-scope:colonoscope,gastroscope,rhinoscope,bronchoscopePracticeandProduce43PartIV-Root1TaskThree:Review-pathy:phleboplasty,venoplasty,cardiomyopathy,osteopathy,vasculopathyhypo-:hypogastrium,hypodermal,hypoacidityhyper--:hypertension,hyperadrenalism,hyperaesthesic

-plasty:angioplasty,odontoplasty,arterioplasty,valvuloplastyPracticeandProduce44PartIV-Root1Root2angi/ovascul/ovas/o45ThinkandTalkangioplasty angiosclerosis

angiocardiographyvasospasmvasography

angiorrhaphy

angiectomyvascul