專題04名詞（學(xué)生版）目錄內(nèi)容SectionA真題感悟SectionB知識(shí)梳理SectionC課堂練習(xí)SectionD課后作業(yè)SectionE鞏固提升SectionA：真題感悟SectionA：真題感悟1：語(yǔ)法填空（2021·天津卷）Greatimprovementsinpublichealthhavebeenbroughtaboutby________（advance）inmedicalscience.（2021·全國(guó)乙卷）(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andacmodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021·新高考I卷)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheoutofthisworldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe(human)are.(2021·浙江卷)Beautifullyrestored（修復(fù)）toits1860appearance,thehousewasAbrahamandMaryLincoln'shomefor17years.In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir（marry）ceremonyin1842.（2021年全國(guó)甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山).

(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theplum（tree）arethefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).

(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Historical(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.

(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting(pete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.

2：短文改錯(cuò)1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.2.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.3.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.

4.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.5.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Toeveryone’ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.

6.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.

7.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.SectionBSectionB：知識(shí)梳理1：考點(diǎn)梳理1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化:一般在單數(shù)形式后面加s或es。規(guī)則例詞一般在詞尾加smap—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加esclass—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變f和fe為v再加esleaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves加sbelief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加esparty—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加stoy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加eshero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes不少外來(lái)詞加spiano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos兩者皆可zero—zeros/zeroesvolcano—volcanos/volcanoesmosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes規(guī)則例詞以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞加sradio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos以th結(jié)尾的名詞加struth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths(2)不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice單復(fù)數(shù)相同species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,passes,contents一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police,cattle,staff部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,mittee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊(duì)),times(時(shí)代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件,報(bào)紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)表示“某國(guó)人”加sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以man或woman結(jié)尾的改為men,womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sonsinlaw,lookerson,passersby,storytellers,boyfriends無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grownups,housewives,stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)womensingers,menservants考點(diǎn)2不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞一般不能直接用不定冠詞或數(shù)詞修飾，而應(yīng)與特定的單位名詞連用來(lái)表示量的概念，如：acupoftea,fourpiecesofbread等。2.抽象名詞的具體化這類名詞如果僅僅表示某種概念，是不可數(shù)名詞；如果表示具體的人或事，就成了可數(shù)名詞，前面常加不定冠詞，如：pleasure,help,honor,surprise,success,failure等。有些抽象名詞在具體化時(shí)，還可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如：nopains,nogains；表示特指時(shí)，可與定冠詞連用。3.學(xué)科名詞和集體名詞的意義(1)有些學(xué)科名詞以s結(jié)尾，但表示單數(shù)意義，如：physics,maths,politics等。(2)有些集體名詞通常只用于表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，如：police,people,cattle等。(3)有些集體名詞在表示整體時(shí)為單數(shù)概念，在表示集體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)概念，如：class,family,couple,audience,government,public等?？键c(diǎn)3名詞所有格1.表示有生命物體的名詞所有格(1)一般在詞尾加’s，如：theboy’sbag,men’srooms等。(2)以s結(jié)尾的詞直接加’，如：theworkers’struggle，thestudents’readingroom等。(3)并列名詞表示各自所屬時(shí)，在名詞后都加’s，如：John’sandMary’srooms(約翰和瑪麗各自的房間)；表示共同所屬時(shí)，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s，如：JohnandMary’sroom(約翰和瑪麗共同的房間)。(4)在表示店鋪、餐館、診所的名稱或某人的家時(shí)，其所有格后面的名詞可省略，如：atthedoctor’s在診所，atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。2.of所有格的用法用于無(wú)生命的東西thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)theclassroomsofthefirstyearstudents用于名詞化的詞thestruggleoftheoppressed考點(diǎn)4名詞作定語(yǔ)1.名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用單數(shù)，表示類別、處所、材料、身份、性別、功能、用途等。例如：stonefigures石像，papermoney紙幣，bookstores書店，eveningdress晚禮服。2.有些情況下，也可用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。例如：agoodstrain貨運(yùn)列車，twomendoctors兩個(gè)男醫(yī)生，aclothesshop服裝店，asalesmanager銷售經(jīng)理。3.“數(shù)字＋連字符＋名詞”作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：afiveyearplan一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃，atenmilewalk一段十英里的路程?？键c(diǎn)5名詞與固定搭配名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配主要有兩類：“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”和“介詞＋名詞”。常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)如下：makepreparationsfor,makefriendswith,giveregardsto,makebothendsmeet,fixone’seyesupon/on,ingreatdemand，inhighspirits，inagreementwith，payattentionto，keeppacewith，attachimportanceto，gain/haveanadvantageover，makea/no/somedifferenceSectionCSectionC：課堂練習(xí)一、單句改錯(cuò)1.Ineedtostayinthehospitalforatleasttwoweek.2.HestoppedataboxofgoldenballforChristmastrees.3.Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideofitweremadeofglass.4.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhouranddosportsforonehoureveryday.5.OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.6.Itwasverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.7.Touristswereledaroundlikesheeps,fromoneshoptoanothershop.8.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktograyovertheyears.9.“Excuseme,”shesaid,puttingherarmaroundtheunhappyoldwoman.10.Anearbypanywaslookingforstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressesonenvelope.二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thepoliceweredelayedbythe____________(absent)ofinformationaboutthecrime.2.Alightbreezestirredthe____________(leaf)ofthetalloaktreeoutsideherwindow.3.Hedevoteshistimetothe____________(acquire)ofknowledge.4.Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressuretotightentheirairport____________(secure).5.I’mquitein____________(agree)withyourdecision.6.It’ssmallerinsizebutgreaterin____________(weigh).7.Pleaseremembertotakeallyourpersonal____________(possess)withyouwhenyouleavetheaircraft.8.Themunityherehasbeenruinedbypovertyand____________(employment).9.It’simportanttobrushyour____________(tooth)atleasttwiceaday.10.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof____________(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.SectionD：SectionD：課后作業(yè)一、單句改錯(cuò)1.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.2.Allovertheworld,menandwoman,boysandgirlsenjoysports.3.Thesecondmanpointedtohisglassandaskediftheangelcouldcurehispooreyesight.4.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.5.Heagreedtoreadmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.6.AndIcametounderstanditwasnoteasytoearnmoney,andthatknowledgescouldchangemylife.7.LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.8.WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.9.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.10.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell.”二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theteacherpraisedherforher____________(anxious)forknowledge.2.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____________(attract).3.Childrenshouldasktheirparents’____________(permit)beforemakingphonecalls.4.Alwaysreadthe____________(instruct)beforeyoustarttakingthemedicine.5.Itnowseemsunlikelythatitwillbepossibletoreachapeaceful____________(settle)oftheconflict.6.Applicantsmustsatisfythe____________(require)foradmissiontotheuniversity.7.Hesearchedforasignof____________(recognize)onherface,buttherewasnone.8.Landingonthemoonwasaremarkable____________(achieve).9.Fortunately,theuniversityprovidesstudentswithmany____________(employ)opportunities.10.Heoftennodstothe____________(passerby)asifheknewallofthem.SectionESectionE：鞏固提升1：語(yǔ)法填空1.(apology)ofallkindsandforallsortsofwrongdoingsaremadefarmorefrequentlythanbefore.

2.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichweresavedforother(purpose).

3.Ahundredyearsago,(explorer)atthattimeweretakingatremendousriskinapproachingthecoldwonderlandonthesouthernmosttipoftheplanet.

4.Chinesepeoplearebeingricherandmoreinternational.Whathasnotchangedistheir(stomach).

2：短文改錯(cuò)1.ShehastaughtusalotofEnglishknowledgesandhowtobeagoodcitizen.

2.IsuddenlyfoundthatLinLing,oneofmyclassmate,workedasawaitressthere.3.Forexample,businessmenaremorelikelytotravelbyplaneorhighspeedtraintosavetimewhileofficeworkertendtotakebusesordrivetoworkthemselves.

4.Lastyear,myfamiliesandIwentcampinginthecountryside.ItwasoneoftheexcitingexperiencesIhadeverhad.

5.Ihopemyadvicescanhelpyouimproveyourhealth.3：篇章訓(xùn)練（A）

Aconcretebookstoreunder1（construct）inWisdomBayinnovationparkinShanghaiwillbethefirst3DprintedbookstoreinChina,anditisduetoopentothepublicattheendofJanuary,2021."Thebookstorewasprintedonsiteinthreeweeks,”HeYuting,2isresponsibleforthisproject,fromTsinghuaUniversitySchoolofArchitectureinBeijing,toldtheGlobalTimesonThursday.Theprintingworkhasfinishedandthebookstorewill3（decorate）,Hetoldthereporter.4（pare）withsimpleworkssuchasa3Dprintedflowerbasin,thebookstoreisaninnovativeattemptinthearchitecturefield,asthe3Dprintedarchitectureis5（