備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語(yǔ)七選五專(zhuān)題技能八：特殊結(jié)構(gòu)解七選五目錄內(nèi)容板塊一知識(shí)講解板塊二例題分析板塊三真題模擬題演練板塊一知識(shí)講解板塊一知識(shí)講解一：文本分析七選五這道題型我們?cè)偈煜げ贿^(guò)；一篇文章挖出5個(gè)空白處；然后給出7個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)；從中挑出5個(gè)最合適的放入其中；錯(cuò)誤的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與正確選項(xiàng)具有極大的迷惑性；或情感態(tài)度；或時(shí)態(tài)；或語(yǔ)義概括不全等；但是除了有標(biāo)題式的七選五；沒(méi)有標(biāo)題的七選五也有其特點(diǎn)。其特點(diǎn)在于哪呢——“結(jié)構(gòu)與符號(hào)”.英語(yǔ)高考全國(guó)卷“七選五”閱讀理解試題的選項(xiàng)多以七個(gè)帶有句號(hào)的完整句子組成,但含有半句選項(xiàng)類(lèi)的“七選五”閱讀理解試題的選項(xiàng)則是由句末不帶標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的完整句子、主從復(fù)合句中的從句部分、或充當(dāng)句子成分的短語(yǔ)組成。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，選項(xiàng)提供四個(gè)句末不帶標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的完整句子和三個(gè)不完整的句子(或句子成分)。這種設(shè)題方法在一定程度.上降低了試題難度,一方面是因?yàn)榘芽疾樵O(shè)空題目和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了分類(lèi),另一方面是因?yàn)椴糠诌x項(xiàng)的選擇降低到了句子結(jié)構(gòu)層面。二：題型分類(lèi)1：隱含式小標(biāo)題我們常見(jiàn)的小標(biāo)題類(lèi)型的七選五要么首句黑體加粗；要么具有特殊的項(xiàng)目符號(hào)（星號(hào)或者原點(diǎn)）；要么單獨(dú)成段；但是隱含式的小標(biāo)題只是每段首句或者中間段落存在相似性；或代詞開(kāi)頭；或者疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭；疑問(wèn)句開(kāi)頭；或者從句開(kāi)頭等...2：總分結(jié)構(gòu)題總分結(jié)構(gòu)題和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)差不太多；主要是從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)看；第一層面是從文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看；文本屬于總分結(jié)構(gòu)；第一段綜述；下面的段落分條講述去論證第一段的觀點(diǎn)。這是最常見(jiàn)的；也是難度比較低的。第二層面則是從段落句式角度來(lái)看；整段第一句是總起句；然后第二句開(kāi)始分條概述.3：整句半句題整句半句題不常見(jiàn)；但是如果出題；我們就應(yīng)該好好把握其特點(diǎn)；第一個(gè)我們談?wù)撘幌掳刖溥x項(xiàng)：第一點(diǎn)得是連詞開(kāi)頭；第二點(diǎn)句子里面只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；兩個(gè)條件缺一不可.有時(shí)候選項(xiàng)或者空格之后會(huì)帶有符號(hào)；那么特點(diǎn)就尤其明顯了；所以一定根據(jù)題型特點(diǎn)解題板塊二板塊二例題分析（A）整句半句題Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.

37.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.

Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtoebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.

Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,don’tdoitinyourownoffice.39,it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.

Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.

解題思路引導(dǎo)（2018全國(guó)一卷也有此特點(diǎn)）1：整句半句題——考察語(yǔ)法（看符號(hào)）半句題：36；39（因?yàn)楹竺娣?hào)是逗號(hào)）整句題：37；38；40（因?yàn)楹竺娣?hào)是句號(hào)）最簡(jiǎn)單的題——“句子”—有且只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞—分析選項(xiàng)，判斷整句與半句選項(xiàng)以2017新課標(biāo)2選項(xiàng)為例（找動(dòng)詞）A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingno兩動(dòng)詞；if引導(dǎo)的從句——整句題B.Whenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatwork一動(dòng)詞；when連詞引導(dǎo)；——半句題C.Setboundariesforyourselvesasfarasyourtimegoes兩動(dòng)詞；連詞連接——整句題D.Ifyou’reintheotherperson’sofficeorinapublicarea一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；if引導(dǎo)的從句——半句題E.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailable三個(gè)動(dòng)詞；兩從句——整句題Itmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyou兩動(dòng)詞；when連詞—整句題Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot四個(gè)動(dòng)詞；連詞從句都有——整句題（B）隱含式小標(biāo)題Ifanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsago（時(shí)間詞）thatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers（主語(yǔ)）,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,illcookedmeals,andunfortablesleepingbags.They—（camps）hadnothinginmonwithme.36.Thefriends（they）whointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfunfilledholidayinthewilderness.38這里沒(méi)有popupcamperInstead（相反；代替）轉(zhuǎn)折,wehadapopupcamperwithfortablebedsandanairconditioner（連詞）.Mynaturelovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.39We（myfamily）havedonealotofit（thetrip）since.Recently,weboughtatwentyeightfoottraveltrailerpletewithabathroomandabuiltinTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40（總結(jié)題—結(jié)論；總結(jié)）Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Iremendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.文本分析：A．Thistimetherewasnotent.根據(jù)這次沒(méi)有tent推測(cè)——上一次可能有tent（該選項(xiàng)必須填在tent出現(xiàn)之后的題）B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.things復(fù)數(shù)不止一件thingC．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.兩代詞“they”“me”，前句必須有they指代的人，后面得有旅行D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.轉(zhuǎn)折“however”推測(cè)前面內(nèi)容—我不懂camping，“then”表明前面得有時(shí)間詞E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlyetoenjoycamping.李宇春邏輯F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.前面必須得有“trip”或者trip相關(guān)內(nèi)容，后面得出現(xiàn)myfamily相關(guān)內(nèi)容G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.前面必須有“trees”（C）總分結(jié)構(gòu)題（也是整句半句題）總說(shuō)：簡(jiǎn)單：therebe描述困難:A,BandC可能性：1：第一句A…第二句設(shè)空B…第三句C…2：分段描述：A—第一段B—第二段C—第三段Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittleplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.

（總說(shuō)）38.（分說(shuō)一）They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.（分說(shuō)二）39.Theyrequireabiggermitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,（分說(shuō)三）andfloors.Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.

A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou’relookingforC.Ifyou’reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwithE.It’snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways板塊三板塊三習(xí)題訓(xùn)練PassageAWeallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming,includingbuildingendurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascular(心血管的)fitness.___1____Manypeoplefeelthatswimmingisveryexcitingandrelaxing.Coldwaterswimmingsometimescalledwildswimminginvolvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,riversandthesea.Jumpingincoldwatergivesashortsharpshocktothebody.____2____Acolddipmightwakeyouup,butresearchhasfounditcanhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthanthoseforyourbodyandmind.Aswellasbeinggoodexercisecoldwaterswimmingimproveswellbeing.____3___Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaswimincoldopenwater.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC“theimmersionofyourbodyincold,saltwater,justfeelinglikeyou’reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing”.Whatisitthatpeoplearegainingfromthiscoldexperience?Doctorssaygettingintocoldwatermakesastressresponse,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.____4____Inaddition,coldwaterswimmingcanexerciseswimmers’willpower.Buttherearebiggerbenefitsofthisexercise.Someexpertsbelievecoldwaterswimminghelps“crossadaptation”,whereoneformofstresspreparesthebodyforanother.____5____So,ifyou’reconvincedthatthisisforyou,takeadvice：approachitwithcaution,swimwithafriend,andmaybestartinthesummer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher.A.Coldwaterswimmingcansubstitutemedicine.B.However,manyparticipantssaytheygetusedtoit.C.Ifyoudon’tmindgettingwet,itcanbefuntoo.D.It’salsothoughttostrengthenourdigestivefunction.E.Weallknowexercisecanextendpeople’slifespan.F.Forexample,ithelpsreducethestressofexercisingathighaltitudes.G.Coldwaterswimmingcanfunctionasadoseofmedicine.PassageBThedooropensandyouareamazedatseeingpeoplejumpingandflyingaroundlikesuperheroes.Calmdown,youarenotinaMarvelfilm,justatrampoline(蹦床)park.InrecentyearstrampolininghasbeeanewcrazeamongChineseyouths.Shortvideosareregularlyuploadedtosocialmediashowingpeople'sexcitementaboutjumpingbackandforthonthecolorfultrampolines.Mostvideosfeatureteenagers.1.MsShi,a28yearoldfromBeijing,goestotrampolineparksalmosteveryweekend.Shesaid"WhenIwasachild,Ilovedbouncingupanddownonthetrampolines,thoughtheywerejustsmallandsimpleones.Theymademefeelfreeandhappy.2."It'struethattoday'strampolineparksarebigger,moreprofessionalandmorecreative.___3_____.youcanobviouslyjump,playintheinflatables(充氣墊),orshootbasketballslikeanNBAsuperstar.Also,ifyou'rebraveenough,youcanlearntowalkonthewall."Trampoliningissomuchfun.Itdoesn'tfeellikeexercisingatall."MsShisaid.440.AccordingtoRobertSmith,aBritishsportstherapist,"Thetrampolinepadisbouncyandabsorbsalargeamountoftheimpactofyourlanding,soyourbonesandjointsareprotectedandstrengthenedatthesametime."40Unlikeplayingsoccer,basketball,tennisoranyotherpetitivesports,theriskofinjurywhiletrampoliningisrelativelylow.5."Youmustdowarmupexercisesbeforeplaying.Andyoucan'tloseconcentrationduringthemovements,"PeterCheng,adiehardtrampolinefan,whoalsoownsatrampolinepark,warned.Whileoutdooractivitiesarelargelyuptotheweather,theindoortrampolineparksarereallygoodplacestogowheneveryouareseekingafuncardioworkout(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)).A.Nowadaystheplacesaremuchbetter.B.Itisafunactivitytosharewithfriends.C.Thereareseparatezonesfordifferentfunctions.D.However,preparationandsafetyalwaysefirst.E.Speciallydesignedclothesareneededwhenyoutrampoline.F.Indeed,atrampolineworkoutcanbebeneficialtoyourhealth.G.Adultstoohavejumpedonthetrend,hopingtorelivetheirchildhood.PassageCTechNeckHaveyoueverbentyourheaddowntolookatascreenuntilyourneckmuscleshurt?Ifso,you’veexperiencedtechneck.____1____.It’samonproblem,andit’sontherise.Yourneckmusclesaredesignedtoholdyourheadupright.____2____.Butbendingyourheadforwardforlongperiodsoftimecanstrainyourmuscles.Thatcanmakethemsore.Inthepastpeoplespentmostoftheirtimelookingup.Butnowpeoplespendsignificantamountsoftimelookingdownattheirphones.Theyoftenholdthematwaistorchestlevel.Thiscausespeopletocranetheirneckstoseethephone,which,inturn,causestechneck.____3____.It’sprobablynotrealistictoexpectpeopletogiveuptheirphonestoavoidtechneck.Butgivinguptechnologyaltogetherisn’tnecessary.Youcandothingstoavoidtechneckevenwhilekeepingyoursmartphone.Firstyoucanholdyourphoneupsoyoudon’thavetobenddowntolookatit.Butthiscanbetiringforyourarms.Sokeepyourheadupright,andlookonlywithyoureyes.Trytositupstraightinfrontofascreenaswell,oritcanhurtyourback.Also,takebreaks.____4____.Ifyou’vebeensitting,standupandwalkaround.Movingyourbodywillhelprelaxyourmuscles.Ifyoucontinueexperiencingtechneck,youcandoexercisetostrengthenyourneckmuscles.____5____.Ifyou’reawareoftheproblem,youcantakemeasurestoavoidit.A.DropdownyoursmartphonerightnowandhaveawalkoutsideB.Onceinawhile,lookupfromyourscreen,androllyourshouldersbackC.UsingsmartphonesexcessivelyhasresultedintonsofpsychologicalproblemsD.BendingovertoviewthescreenofaputeronadeskcanhaveasimilareffectE.Techneckisamonresultofusingtoday’stechnology,butitdoesn’thavetobeF.TheycanalsomoveyourheadaroundandevencraneitforwardforashortamountoftimeG.Techneckoccurswhentheuseofphones,putersandothertechnologycausesneckpainPassageDStudyshowsthatwearingmasksoutdoorscanprotectagainstmorethanCovid19forpeoplewhosufferfromseasonalallergies.Protectionvariesmasktomask,dependingonthefitand,forclothmasks,theweaveofthefabric.Andunlessyouwearamaskatalltimes,youmaystillbeaffectedbyindoordustorotherthingscarriedthroughopenwindows.____1____●Protectyoureyes.

____2____Ithelpsblockallergensliketreepollenfrommakingdirectcontactwitheyes.●Washandchangeyourmaskfrequently.

“Thelastthingyouwantisallergengettingtrappedinit,”Dr.Parikh,anallergistandimmunologistatN.Y.U.LangoneHealthsaid.Sheremendspatientschangetheirclotheswhentheygethomeandshowerbeforesleep,toensurethatpollendoesn'tsticktotheirskin,andwashreusablemasksfrequently.____3____●Findamaskthatdoesn’tmakeyourskinpainful.

Choosingthe

rightmask

foranallergypronewearercanalsobeimportant.Peoplewithsensitiveskinmayreacttodyesinsomefabricmasksandshoulduseperfumefreedetergents.____4____“Myallergysufferershaveverysensitiveskinbecausethesamecrittersthatmakethemsneezeorcoughalsocanirritatetheirskin,”Dr.Parikhsaid.●

____5____

“Ifpeoplearecontinuingtohavesymptomsthatinterferewithnormalactivity—ifthey’remissingwork,missingschool,theirsleepisdisruptedatnight—seeaphysician,”Dr.Lang,anallergistatClevelandClinic,said.“Thereareotherwayswecanhelp.Youshouldn’tbesufferingneedlessly.”A.Wearglassesorsunglasseswhenyou’reoutside.B.Talktoadoctorifyourallergysymptomsaresevere.C.Therearemoretipstoreduceyoursymptomsinallergyseasons.D.Wearingamaskalsomakestheairthroughournosemuchwarmer.E.Orchooseamedicalgrademaskwhichislesslikelytoirritateskin.F.Giveupourmasksifweheadintoanotherpandemicseasoninthefuture.G.TheCenterforDiseaseControl

remendswashing

aclothmaskaftereachuse.PassageEWhenateen’sangergetsoutofcontrol,itleadstoproblemsatschoolandinpersonalrelationships.Teenswithdifficultymanagingtheirangereffectivelytendtorespondwithaggression.1Forangermanagementtobesuccessful,it’simportantforteenstodeveloptheskillstodealwithanger.2Onceteensareabletorecognizeangertriggers(起因),theycanlearnhowtohandlethesesituationsmoreeffectively.montriggersincludefeelingmisunderstood,feelingdisrespected,toomanyexpectationsfromschoolorparents,andbeingtold“no.”Calmdown.Toassistteensincalmingdown,KidsHsuggestssuchactivitiesastakingawalkoutside,exercising,listeningtomusic,writingdownthoughtsandemotions,deepbreathingandtalkingwithatrustworthyperson.3Oncecalm,ateenwillbemoreequippedtothinkreasonably,tomunicateeffectivelyandtofindahealthysolution.Thinkbeforeacting.Whenangered,teenstendtoreactviolentlywithoutconsideringtheconsequencesoftheiractions.4Forexample,ratherthanyellattheirparentsduringdisagreements,teenscanlearntosharetheirthoughtsandfeelingsandtomunicaterespectfully.5Insomeinstances,ateen’sangermaybeesointensethatitisdifficulttoemployangermanagementtechniques.Ifso,thebestwayistogetawayfromthesituationatthemomentuntilheisabletocalmdown.A.Recognizewarningsigns.B.Knowwhentowalkawayfromthesituation.C.Itisimportanttostopnegativethoughtsthatleadtoanger.D.Identifysituationsandexperiencesthatcauseangerfeelings.E.Theseskillshelpteensmanagetheirangerandpreventitfrombeingworse.F.Teenscanimprovetheirselfcontrolbylearningtoconsiderbeneficialalternativeso