2025全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）二級(jí)試卷：英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Theterm"syntacticstructure"refersto:A.theorderofwordsinasentence.B.themeaningofwords.C.thegrammaticalrules.D.thepronunciationofwords.2.Theword"antonym"isusedtodescribe:A.awordthathasthesamemeaningasanotherword.B.awordthathastheoppositemeaningofanotherword.C.awordthathasthesamepronunciationasanotherword.D.awordthathasthesamespellingasanotherword.3.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofthepassivevoice?A.Thesubjectistheoneperformingtheaction.B.Thesubjectistheonereceivingtheaction.C.Theverbisalwaysinthepresenttense.D.Theverbisalwaysinthepasttense.4.Theterm"idiom"refersto:A.aphrasethatcannotbeunderstoodbylookingattheindividualwords.B.awordthatispronounceddifferentlyfromitswrittenform.C.awordthathasmultiplemeanings.D.awordthatisalwaysusedinthesameway.5.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofanounphrase?A.Italwaysconsistsofasinglenoun.B.Itcanconsistofoneormorenouns.C.Itcanonlyconsistofadjectives.D.Itcanonlyconsistofverbs.6.Theterm"preposition"isusedtodescribe:A.awordthatindicatesarelationshipbetweentwonouns.B.awordthatindicatesarelationshipbetweenanounandaverb.C.awordthatindicatesarelationshipbetweenaverbandanadjective.D.awordthatindicatesarelationshipbetweenanadjectiveandanoun.7.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofagerund?A.Itcanactasanoun.B.Itcanactasaverb.C.Itcanactasanadjective.D.Itcanactasanadverb.8.Theterm"adverbialclause"refersto:A.aclausethatmodifiesaverb.B.aclausethatmodifiesanadjective.C.aclausethatmodifiesanoun.D.aclausethatmodifiesapreposition.9.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofasubjectcomplement?A.Itcanbeanoun.B.Itcanbeaverb.C.Itcanbeanadjective.D.Itcanbeanadverb.10.Theterm"transitiveverb"refersto:A.averbthatrequiresadirectobject.B.averbthatrequiresanindirectobject.C.averbthatrequiresbothadirectandindirectobject.D.averbthatdoesnotrequireanyobject.二、完形填空TheEnglishlanguageisafascinatinglanguagewitharichvocabularyandcomplexgrammaticalstructure.ItisimportantforEnglishlearnerstounderstandthevariousaspectsofthelanguagetoimprovetheirproficiency.Inthispassage,youwillreadaboutsomekeyconceptsinEnglishgrammar.Pleasechoosethecorrectwordtocompleteeachsentence.1.The__________ofasentenceisthemainsubjectandverbthatconveythemainidea.A.phraseB.clauseC.sentenceD.paragraph2.Adjectivesareusedtodescribe__________andadddetailtonouns.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.adverbsD.nouns3.Aprepositionisawordthatshowstherelationshipbetweenanounandanotherwordinasentence.A.nounB.verbC.adjectiveD.adverb4.The__________voiceisusedtoemphasizethedoeroftheaction.A.activeB.passiveC.reflexiveD.participial5.Agerundisaverbformthatactsasa__________.A.nounB.verbC.adjectiveD.adverb6.Anadverbialclauseisaclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutaverb,adjective,ornoun.A.phraseB.clauseC.sentenceD.paragraph7.The__________voiceisusedwhenthereceiveroftheactionisemphasized.A.activeB.passiveC.reflexiveD.participial8.Asubjectcomplementisawordorphrasethatfollowsthesubjectanddescribesthesubject.A.verbB.objectC.predicateD.complement9.Atransitiveverbrequiresa(n)__________tocompleteitsmeaning.A.subjectB.objectC.predicateD.complement10.The__________voiceisusedtoemphasizetheactionitselfratherthanthedoeroftheaction.A.activeB.passiveC.reflexiveD.participial三、閱讀理解Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.TheEnglishlanguagehasalongandfascinatinghistory.Ithasevolvedovercenturies,borrowingwordsandgrammaticalstructuresfromvariouslanguages.OneofthemostsignificantinfluencesontheEnglishlanguagewastheNormanConquestofEnglandin1066.TheNormans,whospokeaformofFrench,broughttheirlanguageandculturetoEngland.ThisledtotheintegrationofFrenchvocabularyandgrammaticalstructuresintotheEnglishlanguage.OneofthemostnoticeablechangesintheEnglishlanguageaftertheNormanConquestwastheintroductionofthepassivevoice.InOldEnglish,thepassivevoicewasnotcommonlyused.However,aftertheNormanConquest,thepassivevoicebecamemoreprevalent.ThiswasduetotheinfluenceofFrench,wherethepassivevoiceisusedextensively.Thepassivevoiceisagrammaticalstructurethatemphasizestheactionratherthanthedoeroftheaction.Itisformedbyusingthepastparticipleoftheverbfollowedbytheformoftheverb"tobe."Forexample,"Thebookwaswrittenbytheauthor"emphasizestheactionofwritingratherthantheauthor.1.WhatwasoneofthemostsignificantinfluencesontheEnglishlanguageaftertheNormanConquest?A.TheNormanConquestitself.B.TheintegrationofFrenchvocabularyandgrammaticalstructures.C.TheinfluenceofLatin.D.TheinfluenceofGreek.2.WhydidthepassivevoicebecomemoreprevalentinEnglishaftertheNormanConquest?A.BecausetheNormanspreferredthepassivevoice.B.BecausetheEnglishlanguagewasinfluencedbyFrench.C.BecausetheEnglishlanguagewasinfluencedbyLatin.D.BecausetheEnglishlanguagewasinfluencedbyGreek.3.Whatdoesthepassivevoiceemphasize?A.Thedoeroftheaction.B.Theactionitself.C.Thereceiveroftheaction.D.Thesubjectofthesentence.4.HowisthepassivevoiceformedinEnglish?A.Byusingthepastparticipleoftheverbfollowedbytheformoftheverb"tobe."B.Byusingthepresentparticipleoftheverbfollowedbytheformoftheverb"tobe."C.Byusingthepasttenseoftheverbfollowedbytheformoftheverb"tobe."D.Byusingthefuturetenseoftheverbfollowedbytheformoftheverb"tobe."5.Whichofthefollowingsentencesusesthepassivevoice?A.Theauthorwrotethebook.B.Thebookwaswrittenbytheauthor.C.Theauthorwritesthebook.D.Thebookwritestheauthor.四、翻譯練習(xí)要求：將下列句子從英語(yǔ)翻譯成中文，注意專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確性。1.Thesyntacticstructureofasentencedeterminesthelogicalrelationshipbetweentheelementsofthesentence.2.Anidiomisaphrasethatcannotbeunderstoodbytheliteralmeaningofitsindividualwords.3.TheuseofprepositionsinEnglishgrammariscrucialforformingaccurateandmeaningfulsentences.4.Agerundcanfunctionasanoun,adjective,oradverb,dependingonitsroleinthesentence.5.Anadverbialclausemodifiesaverb,adjective,ornounbyprovidingadditionalinformationabouttheaction,quality,orstate.6.Thesubjectcomplementdescribesthesubjectandoftenfollowsthelinkingverbinasentence.7.Atransitiveverbrequiresadirectobjecttocompleteitsmeaningandexpresstheaction.8.Thepassivevoiceisusedtoemphasizetheactionandmakethesubjectofthesentencethereceiveroftheaction.9.Anounphrasecanconsistofoneormorenouns,pronouns,ordeterminers,anditoftenfunctionsasasingleunitinasentence.10.TheactivevoiceisusedtoemphasizethedoeroftheactionandismorecommoninEnglishthanthepassivevoice.五、多項(xiàng)選擇題要求：從下列選項(xiàng)中選擇最合適的答案。1.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofanounphrase?A.Itconsistsofasinglenoun.B.Itcanconsistofoneormorenouns.C.Itcanonlyconsistofadjectives.D.Itcanonlyconsistofverbs.2.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofagerund?A.Itcanactasanoun.B.Itcanactasaverb.C.Itcanactasanadjective.D.Itcanactasanadverb.3.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofanadverbialclause?A.Itmodifiesaverb.B.Itmodifiesanadjective.C.Itmodifiesanoun.D.Itmodifiesapreposition.4.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofasubjectcomplement?A.Itcanbeanoun.B.Itcanbeaverb.C.Itcanbeanadjective.D.Itcanbeanadverb.5.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofatransitiveverb?A.Itrequiresadirectobject.B.Itrequiresanindirectobject.C.Itrequiresbothadirectandindirectobject.D.Itdoesnotrequireanyobject.6.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofthepassivevoice?A.Thesubjectistheoneperformingtheaction.B.Thesubjectistheonereceivingtheaction.C.Theverbisalwaysinthepresenttense.D.Theverbisalwaysinthepasttense.7.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofapreposition?A.Itindicatesarelationshipbetweentwonouns.B.Itindicatesarelationshipbetweenanounandaverb.C.Itindicatesarelationshipbetweenaverbandanadjective.D.Itindicatesarelationshipbetweenanadjectiveandanoun.8.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofaphrase?A.Itconsistsofasingleword.B.Itcanconsistofoneormorewords.C.Itcanonlyconsistofadjectives.D.Itcanonlyconsistofverbs.9.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofaclause?A.Itconsistsofasingleword.B.Itcanconsistofoneormorewords.C.Itcanonlyconsistofadjectives.D.Itcanonlyconsistofverbs.10.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofasentence?A.Itconsistsofasingleword.B.Itcanconsistofoneormorewords.C.Itcanonlyconsistofadjectives.D.Itcanonlyconsistofverbs.六、簡(jiǎn)答題要求：簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問(wèn)題。1.解釋什么是名詞短語(yǔ)（nounphrase）。2.描述一下動(dòng)詞不定式（gerund）在句子中的作用。3.解釋什么是狀語(yǔ)從句（adverbialclause）以及它在句子中的作用。4.描述一下主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（subjectcomplement）的特點(diǎn)。5.解釋什么是及物動(dòng)詞（transitiveverb）以及它需要什么來(lái)完成意義。6.解釋被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（passivevoice）的特點(diǎn)以及它的用法。7.描述一下介詞（preposition）在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的作用。8.解釋什么是短語(yǔ)（phrase）以及它由什么組成。9.描述一下從句（clause）的特點(diǎn)以及它與句子的關(guān)系。10.解釋什么是句子（sentence）以及它由什么組成。本次試卷答案如下：一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.A.theorderofwordsinasentence.解析：句法結(jié)構(gòu)（syntacticstructure）指的是句子中詞語(yǔ)的順序，因此選A。2.B.awordthathastheoppositemeaningofanotherword.解析：反義詞（antonym）是指具有相反意義的詞，因此選B。3.B.Thesubjectistheonereceivingtheaction.解析：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（passivevoice）強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的承受者，即主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者，因此選B。4.A.aphrasethatcannotbeunderstoodbylookingattheindividualwords.解析：習(xí)語(yǔ)（idiom）是由多個(gè)詞組成的短語(yǔ)，其意思不能通過(guò)單獨(dú)理解每個(gè)詞來(lái)理解，因此選A。5.B.Itcanconsistofoneormorenouns.解析：名詞短語(yǔ)（nounphrase）可以由一個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞組成，因此選B。6.A.awordthatindicatesarelationshipbetweentwonouns.解析：介詞（preposition）用于表示兩個(gè)名詞之間的關(guān)系，因此選A。7.A.Itcanactasanoun.解析：動(dòng)名詞（gerund）可以作為名詞使用，因此選A。8.A.aclausethatmodifiesaverb.解析：狀語(yǔ)從句（adverbialclause）用于修飾動(dòng)詞，因此選A。9.A.Itcanbeanoun.解析：主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（subjectcomplement）可以是名詞，因此選A。10.A.averbthatrequiresadirectobject.解析：及物動(dòng)詞（transitiveverb）需要直接賓語(yǔ)來(lái)完成意義，因此選A。二、完形填空1.B.clause解析：句子（sentence）是由主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的，它表達(dá)了完整的意義，因此選B。2.D.nouns解析：形容詞（adjectives）用于描述名詞，因此選D。3.A.noun解析：介詞（preposition）用于表示名詞之間的關(guān)系，因此選A。4.A.active解析：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（activevoice）強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，因此選A。5.A.noun解析：動(dòng)名詞（gerund）可以作為名詞使用，因此選A。6.B.clause解析：狀語(yǔ)從句（adverbialclause）用于修飾動(dòng)詞，因此選B。7.B.passive解析：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（passivevoice）強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的承受者，因此選B。8.C.complement解析：主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（subjectcomplement）是對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充描述，因此選C。9.B.object解析：及物動(dòng)詞（transitiveverb）需要直接賓語(yǔ)來(lái)完成意義，因此選B。10.A.active解析：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（activevoice）強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，因此選A。三、閱讀理解1.B.TheintegrationofFrenchvocabularyandgrammaticalstructures.解析：諾曼征服后，法國(guó)詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)被整合到英語(yǔ)中，因此選B。2.B.BecausetheEnglishlanguagewasinfluencedbyFrench.解析：由于英語(yǔ)受到了法國(guó)的影響，因此被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變得更為普遍，因此選B。3.B.Theactionitself.解析：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作本身，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，因此選B。4.A.Byusingthepastparticipleoftheverbfollowedbytheformoftheverb"tobe."解析：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式加上“be”的形式構(gòu)成，因此選A。5.B.Thebookwaswrittenbytheauthor.解析：這個(gè)句子使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是書(shū)是被作者寫(xiě)的，因此選B。四、翻譯練習(xí)1.句子句法結(jié)構(gòu)決定了句子各要素之間的邏輯關(guān)系。2.習(xí)語(yǔ)是不能通過(guò)單個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的字面意義來(lái)理解的短語(yǔ)。3.介詞在英語(yǔ)