八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)期末閱讀理解（科技類）技巧卷2025版：科技文章閱讀理解策略一、選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Thefollowingisalistofwordsthatmayappearinthereadingpassage.Choosethecorrectmeaningofeachwordaccordingtothecontext.a.Innovationb.Revolutionizec.Pioneeringd.Technological(1)Thenewinventionhasthepotentialto______thewaywecommunicate.(2)Thecompanyhasbeenattheforefrontof______inthefieldofrenewableenergy.(3)Thescientistwasa______figureinthehistoryofspaceexploration.(4)The______ofthesmartphonehaschangedourlivesforever.2.Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachsentence.(1)The______oftheinternethasmadeinformationmoreaccessibletopeopleworldwide.a.developmentb.discoveryc.inventiond.creation(2)The______ofthefirstartificialsatellitemarkedthebeginningofthespaceage.a.launchb.constructionc.designd.manufacturing(3)The______ofthenewvaccinehasbroughthopetomillionsofpeoplesufferingfromthedisease.a.developmentb.creationc.discoveryd.launch(4)The______oftheelectriccarhassparkedanewwaveofinnovationintheautomotiveindustry.a.inventionb.developmentc.creationd.launch二、閱讀理解（每題2分，共20分）Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.TheInternetofThings(IoT)referstothenetworkofphysicaldevices,vehicles,buildings,andotherobjectsthatareembeddedwithsensors,software,andnetworkconnectivity,whichenablestheseobjectstocollectandexchangedata.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtorevolutionizevariousaspectsofourlives,fromhealthcaretotransportation.OneofthekeyadvantagesofIoTisitsabilitytoimproveefficiencyandproductivity.Forexample,inthehealthcareindustry,IoTdevicescanmonitorpatients'vitalsignsandsendreal-timedatatohealthcareproviders,enablingearlydetectionandtreatmentofhealthissues.Inthetransportationsector,IoTcanoptimizetrafficflowandreducecongestionbyanalyzingdatafromvehiclesandroadsensors.Moreover,IoTcanenhancesecurityandsafety.SmarthomesequippedwithIoTdevicescanprovidehomeownerswithremoteaccesstotheirproperties,allowingthemtomonitorandcontrolvariousaspectsoftheirhomes,suchaslighting,heating,andsecuritysystems.Intheindustrialsector,IoTcanimprovesafetybymonitoringequipmentandpredictingpotentialfailuresbeforetheyoccur.DespitethenumerousbenefitsofIoT,therearealsochallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisdataprivacyandsecurity.Asmoredevicesareconnectedtotheinternet,theamountofdatacollectedandstoredincreases,raisingconcernsabouttheprotectionofpersonalinformation.Additionally,theinteroperabilityofdifferentIoTdevicesandsystemscanbeachallenge,astheymayusedifferentprotocolsandstandards.Questions:1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?a.ToexplaintheconceptofIoTb.TodiscusstheadvantagesofIoTc.TohighlightthechallengesofIoTd.TocompareIoTwithothertechnologies2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthekeyadvantagesofIoTinthehealthcareindustry?a.Improvedefficiencyandproductivityb.Enhancedsecurityandsafetyc.Reducedcostsd.Increasedjobopportunities3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasachallengeofIoT?a.Dataprivacyandsecurityb.Interoperabilityofdevicesandsystemsc.Increasedenergyconsumptiond.Highcostofimplementation4.Whatistheauthor'stoneinthepassage?a.Objectiveandinformativeb.Criticalandnegativec.Enthusiasticandpositived.Skepticalandcautious5.Basedonthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofIoT?a.Itwillbecomemoreprevalentandwidelyadopted.b.Itwillbereplacedbyothertechnologies.c.Itwillonlybeusedinspecificindustries.d.Itwillbeabandonedduetoitschallenges.四、完形填空（每題2分，共20分）Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestwordorphrasetocompleteeachblank.Inthepastfewyears,(1)______advancementsintechnology,especiallyinthefieldofartificialintelligence,have(2)______thewayweliveandwork.Theriseof(3)______deviceshas(4)______ourlivesmoreconvenientandefficient.However,(5)______ofthesetechnologiesalsobringsnewchallenges,suchas(6)______privacyandsecurityconcerns.(1)a.duetob.asaresultofc.becauseofd.thanksto(2)a.transformedb.enhancedc.improvedd.increased(3)a.smartb.modernc.advancedd.futuristic(4)a.madeb.causedc.ledd.resulted(5)a.despiteb.althoughc.becaused.since(6)a.raisingb.addressingc.resolvingd.eliminating五、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共15分）1.BrieflyexplaintheconceptoftheInternetofThings(IoT)anditssignificanceinourdailylives.2.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingsmartphonesinschools.3.Howcanartificialintelligence(AI)beusedtoimprovetheefficiencyofpublictransportationsystems?六、翻譯題（每題5分，共15分）TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishtoChinese.1.Thedevelopmentofrenewableenergysourcesiscrucialforreducingourrelianceonfossilfuels.2.Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavegreatlyimprovedthesurvivalratesofpatientswithseriousillnesses.3.Smarthomesarebecomingincreasinglypopularastheyoffergreaterconvenienceandsecurityforhomeowners.本次試卷答案如下：一、選擇題1.(1)a(2)d(3)c(4)b解析：(1)innovation表示“創(chuàng)新”，符合句子中“新發(fā)明有可能改變我們交流的方式”的意思。(2)revolutionize表示“革命化”，符合句子中“公司在可再生能源領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新處于前沿”的意思。(3)pioneering表示“開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的”，符合句子中“這位科學(xué)家是太空探索史上的一個(gè)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性人物”的意思。(4)technological表示“技術(shù)的”，符合句子中“智能手機(jī)的發(fā)明永遠(yuǎn)改變了我們的生活”的意思。2.(1)c(2)a(3)c(4)b解析：(1)invention表示“發(fā)明”，符合句子中“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)明使信息對(duì)全世界的人更容易獲取”的意思。(2)launch表示“發(fā)射”，符合句子中“第一個(gè)人造衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射標(biāo)志著太空時(shí)代的開(kāi)始”的意思。(3)development表示“發(fā)展”，符合句子中“新疫苗的發(fā)展為數(shù)百萬(wàn)人帶來(lái)了希望”的意思。(4)invention表示“發(fā)明”，符合句子中“電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)明在汽車行業(yè)中引發(fā)了一波新的創(chuàng)新浪潮”的意思。二、閱讀理解1.a解析：文章的主要目的是解釋物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（IoT）的概念。2.a解析：根據(jù)文章，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)療行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵優(yōu)勢(shì)是提高效率和生產(chǎn)力。3.c解析：文章中沒(méi)有提到能源消耗增加作為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)。4.a解析：作者在文章中的語(yǔ)氣是客觀和信息的。5.a解析：根據(jù)文章，可以推斷物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將變得更加普遍和廣泛采用。四、完形填空1.d(2)a(3)a(4)a(5)a(6)a解析：(1)thanksto表