必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters單元培優(yōu)綜合測(cè)試卷

第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

（2024·重慶·三模）ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTS

TheOpeningCeremonyofthe2024OlympicGameswillbebold,originalandunique.On26July2024,

Paris2024willofferanOpeningCeremonythatiscertaintojointhemostmemorablemomentsinOlympichistory.

Aceremonyoutsideastadium

ForthefirsttimeinthehistoryoftheOlympicSummerGames,theOpeningCeremonywillnottakeplacein

astadium.Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobe

heldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞納河).

Aceremonyontheriver

Takingonanewlook,theparadeofathleteswillbeheldontheSeinewithboatsforeachnationaldelegation

(代表團(tuán)).Theseboatswillbeequippedwithcamerastoallowtelevisionandonlineviewerstoseetheathletesup

close.Windingtheirwayfromeasttowest,the10,500athleteswillcrossthroughthecentreofParis.

Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators

Holdingaceremonyopentoalargeaudience,withnoadmissionfeeformostofitsspectators,isamajor

first.Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays(碼頭),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswill

needtobuytickets.Eightygiantscreensandstrategicallyplacedspeakerswillalloweveryonetoenjoythemagical

atmosphereofthisshowthroughoutParis.

Aceremonydesignedforandbyathletes

Byopeningwiththeparadeofathletes,Paris2024isbreakingwithtradition.Athleteswillbefeaturedon

stageduringtheintroductiontoandthroughouttheceremonyaspartofParis2024’sconstantaimtoholdGames

createdforandbyathletes.

1．WherewilltheOpeningCeremonyofParis2024beheld?

A．OnthequaysbesidetheSeine.

B．InthecitycenteralongtheSeine.

C．InastadiumneartheheartofParis.

D．OntheeasternandwesternendsofParis.

2．Whatdoweknowabouttheadmissionfee?

A．Noadmissionfeeisrequired.

B．Accesstothelowerquaysisfree.

C．Ticketsshouldbeboughtfortheupperquays.

D．Someviewerspayforwatchingtheceremony.

3．Whatisthemainideaofthistext?

A．ThehistoryoftheOlympics.B．TheprocedureofParis2024.

C．Thenovelpointsofaceremony.D．Thechargingrulesofaceremony.

【答案】1．B2．D3．C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了2024巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。

1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Aceremonyoutsideastadium部分中“Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsports

andtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobeheldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞納

河).(2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)開創(chuàng)了新的局面，將體育和開幕式帶入城市，將在城市中心的主要河流塞納河沿岸

舉行。)”可知，2024巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)在城市中心、塞納河畔舉行。故選B。

2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題“Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators(許多觀眾可以免費(fèi)入

場(chǎng)的儀式)”以及Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators部分中“Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccessthe

upperquays(碼頭),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswillneedtobuytickets.(球迷不需要門票進(jìn)入上

層碼頭，但那些希望進(jìn)入下層碼頭的人將需要購(gòu)買門票。)”可知，部分觀眾需要支付費(fèi)用觀看開幕式。故

選D。

3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTS(一個(gè)儀式，幾個(gè)第一)”及文章中各個(gè)

小標(biāo)題“Aceremonyoutsideastadium(體育場(chǎng)外的儀式)”、“Aceremonyontheriver(河上的儀式)”、“A

ceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators(許多觀眾可以免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)的儀式)”、“Aceremonydesignedfor

andbyathletes(為運(yùn)動(dòng)員設(shè)計(jì)的儀式)”可知，本文介紹了2024巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式的新穎點(diǎn)。故選C。

B

（23-24高三上·黑龍江·期中）LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(颶風(fēng))‘a(chǎn)sa

commonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhouses

allsummer.

Thoughunwillingtoevacuate(撤離)fromahurricane,onSeptember15,myfamilywasforcedtoleaveour

homeformygrandfather’shouseseveralmilesaway.Wespenttheearlypartofthateveningwatchingthe

hurricanedrawcloserontheWeatherChannel.Aroundnineo’clock,aloudsoundshookthehouse,turnedoverthe

roofandcarrieditoff.Sooncameanindoorrainstorm.

Realizingthedamage,mygrandfatherbegantobeafraid.Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintothe

heavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft.Wegothimbackinside.Ihadneverseenhimsoscared.

Momfinallyaskedhimtoliedowninhisroom.

Theleak(滲漏)hadprogressedrapidly.Itsoonbecamearaceagainsttimetoprotectwhattobesaved.Some

peoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchas

thephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.

Thenextmorning,itstartedtoclearup.Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm,thoughthe

samecouldnotbesaidforthehouse.Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained,butinsidemanyofthethingswere

safe.MymomandIhadworkedtirelesslythroughthenight.

Itwaslate,butwewerestillunwillingtogotobed.Wediscussedtherebuildingofthehouse.Underthe

beautifulsky,wesuggestedlookingaftermygrandfathermoreofteninthefuture.Afterthisdisaster,Irealizedthe

truththatthehurricaneitselfwasnotsoterribleifwelovedeachother.

4．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A．Manyresidentslivingnearthecoasttendtoleavetheplace.

B．Manyresidentsareunwillingtoprepareforhurricanes.

C．HurricanesoftenstriketheFloridaEmeraldCoast.

D．HurricanesseldomhittheFloridaEmeraldCoast.

5．Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfathergooutintotherainandwind?

A．Toprotectsomethingoutside.B．Toseetheconditionoftheroof.

C．Toavoidthedangerinthehouse.D．Toknowhowserioustherainwas.

6．Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?

A．Whytheauthorfearedthestorm.B．Howthestorminfluencedthehouse.

C．Howpeoplehelpedeachotherinthestorm.D．Whattheauthorwasreadytosavefromthestorm.

7．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?

A．Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings.B．Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster.

C．Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair.D．Thehousesurvivedthehurricane.

【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一家度過颶風(fēng)的經(jīng)歷，作者也在這次經(jīng)歷中意識(shí)到了親情

的珍貴和強(qiáng)大。

4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(颶風(fēng))‘a(chǎn)sacommon

thing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhousesall

summer.(生活在佛羅里達(dá)翡翠海岸的人們認(rèn)為颶風(fēng)是一件很平常的事情。因此，一個(gè)家庭在整個(gè)夏天都有

幾個(gè)裝滿汽油的罐子和瓶裝水，這并不罕見)”可知，人們要儲(chǔ)存汽油罐和瓶裝水是為了為颶風(fēng)做好準(zhǔn)備，可

知颶風(fēng)經(jīng)常襲擊佛羅里達(dá)翡翠海岸。故選C。

5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintotheheavyrainandwindtoseehow

muchoftheroofwasleft(暴風(fēng)雨已經(jīng)開始了，但他還是冒著大雨和大風(fēng)跑了出去，看看屋頂還剩下多少)”，

可知作者的祖父冒著風(fēng)雨出去是為了看看屋頂?shù)臓顩r。故選B。

6．段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Somepeoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosave

thoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchasthephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceit

brought.(有些人可能認(rèn)為有必要保存物質(zhì)上的東西，但我希望保存那些有情感價(jià)值的東西，比如照片。我仍

然害怕風(fēng)暴，但我更害怕它帶來(lái)的影響)”可知，第四段主要講述作者準(zhǔn)備從風(fēng)暴中拯救什么。故選D。

7．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前半句“Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm(謝天謝地，我的家人安全度

過了風(fēng)暴)”，though表示前后的對(duì)比；以及后句“Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained(只剩下木梁了)”可知，

第五段中帶下劃線的句子thoughthesamecouldnotbesaidforthehouse是指房子在災(zāi)難中被毀了。A.The

housecontainedmanyvaluablethings房子里有許多貴重物品；B.Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster房子在

災(zāi)難中被毀了；C.Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair這所房子可能很容易修理；D.Thehousesurvivedthe

hurricane這所房子在颶風(fēng)中幸存下來(lái)。故選B。

C

（2024·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·三模）Rogues(瘋狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,

unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtothe

NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayand

allovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.

Roguewavesappeartoformwhenlargeroughwavespassthroughoneanother,combiningtoformhuge

wallsofwater,accordingtoNOAA．However,whyandwheretheyappearisunclear.Butusing700years’worthof

oceandataincludinghistoricalrecordsanddatafrombuoys(浮標(biāo))in158locationsaroundtheworld,researchers

havenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese“hugebeasts”.

“Theyarecausedbyacombinationofmanyfactorsthat,untilnow,havenotbeencombinedintoasingle

riskassessment,”saidleadauthorDionH?fner.H?fnerandhisco-workersmappedthefactorsthatmayleadto

roguewavesandusedAItomakeasinglemodelthatcoulddeterminethelikelihoodthataroguewavewillform.

Theteamtrainedaneuralnetworkusinghistoricalwavedata.Thisgeneratedasystemthatlearnedthe

causesofroguewavesbyitselfandcouldworktopredictthem.ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.This

meansscientistscouldn’tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.SoH?fner’steamappliedanotherformofmachine

learning,whichproducedanequation(綜合體)whenfeddata,ratherthanjustasingleprediction,helpingthe

researcherstounderstandhowtheAIreacheditspredictions.

“Ouranalysisdemonstratesthatabnormalwavesoccurallthetime.Infact,weregistered100,000wavesin

ourdatasetthatcanbedefinedasroguewaves,”H?fnersaid.Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofarogue

wave,H?fneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompanies

canusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternative

course.

8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?

A．Byusinganexample.B．Bygivingadefinition.

C．Bydrawingacomparison.D．Bymakinganassumption.

9．Whatcanthesystemdoaccordingtoparagraph2?

A．Monitorhugeseacreatures.B．Guideshipsaroundinthesea.

C．Preventrougewavesfromoccurring.D．Forecastthehittingofroguewaves.

10．WhatisthedisadvantageoftheAI’smethods?

A．Theyaren’tvisuallyavailable.B．Theydependontoomanyfactors.

C．Theymakeinaccuratepredictions.D．Theydon’tprocessdatasystematically.

11．HowdoesH?fnerfindthesystem?

A．Itrequiresmorefieldtests.B．Ithasbeenwidelyused.

C．Itneedsfurtherimprovement.D．Ithasapromisingfuture.

【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說明文?！隘偣防恕北豢茖W(xué)家稱為“極端風(fēng)暴波”，是一種巨大的、意想不到的、危險(xiǎn)的海浪。

研究人員發(fā)明了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以有效顯示“瘋狗浪”的跡象，更好地保護(hù)在世界各地航行的船只免受破

壞。

8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Rogues(瘋狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,

unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtothe

NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayand

allovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.(據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管

理局稱，“瘋狗浪”被科學(xué)家稱為“極端風(fēng)暴波”，是一種巨大的、意想不到的、危險(xiǎn)的海浪，其高度至少是周

圍其他海浪的兩倍。這些異常的海浪在世界各地每天都有發(fā)生，非常難以預(yù)測(cè)，可能會(huì)摧毀遇到它們的船

只。)”再結(jié)合下文中關(guān)于“瘋狗浪”的介紹可知，作者主要通過對(duì)“瘋狗浪”下定義來(lái)引入話題。故選B。

9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“whyandwheretheyappearisunclear…researchershavenowcreatedasystem

forpredictingthese‘hugebeasts’.(它們出現(xiàn)的原因和地點(diǎn)尚不清楚。但是，利用700年來(lái)的海洋數(shù)據(jù)，包括

歷史記錄和來(lái)自世界各地158個(gè)地點(diǎn)的浮標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員現(xiàn)在創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)這些“巨獸”的系統(tǒng)。)”可知，

瘋狗浪出現(xiàn)的原因和地點(diǎn)尚不清楚，因此，研究人員創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)這些“巨獸”。故選D。

10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.Thismeansscientistscouldn’t

knowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.(但人工智能的方法隱藏在一個(gè)黑盒子里。這意味著科學(xué)家無(wú)法知道人工智

能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一個(gè)黑箱里，這意味著科學(xué)家無(wú)法知道人工智能是如何工

作的。故選A。

11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofaroguewave,H?fneradded,and

canbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompaniescanusethedevicewith

thesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternativecourse.(H?fner補(bǔ)充說：“該

系統(tǒng)可以有效地顯示異常浪的跡象，并且可以更好地保護(hù)航行在世界各地的船只。船只公司可以使用該設(shè)

備和該系統(tǒng)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)何時(shí)何地可能出現(xiàn)異常海浪，以尋求替代航線。”)”可知，他認(rèn)為這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有著很好的發(fā)

展前景。故選D。

D

（2024·廣西南寧·二模）InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestruckthe

NotoPeninsula(能登半島)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(斷層線)

liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.

Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovements

inartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.

Lastfall,researchersattheUniversityofTexasatAustinincreasedsuchhopesforearthquakepredictionwith

aseven-monthtrialinChina.Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout

200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.

ThetrialwaspartofaninternationalA．I.-designcompetition,oneofafewsucheventsheldinrecentyearsto

advanceearthquakepredictiontechnologies.

SergeyFomel,ageoscientistatUTAustinandamemberoftheresearchteam,saysinastatement.“We’renot

yetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwas

animpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.”

Additionally,machinelearningcouldhelpdetecthiddenpatternsindataorcollectmoredatatobetterinform

earthquakeforecasting,HutchisonwritesforMITTechnologyReview.Forexample,someresearchersareshowing

howA．I.mightuserecordingsfromaspecificseismicsitetoanticipateanearthquake’smagnitude.Oneteamhas

builtandtrainedneuralnetworkstopredictwhereaftershocksmayoccurafteraninitialstrike.Andothersareusing

machinelearningtoidentifyandextractseismicwaves—thevibrationsthatspreadthroughtheearthduringtectonic

activity(構(gòu)造活動(dòng))—fromothernoisesintheground.

12．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A．Toexplainaconcept.B．Tointroduceanewtopic.

C．Tosupplyasummary.D．Toprovideanexample.

13．Whatmadesomeresearchersoptimisticabouttheearthquakeforecasting?

A．Therecentprogressintheories.B．Theuseoftraditionalmethods.

C．Theincreasingnumberofearthquakes.D．Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence.

14．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A．ThetrialwasconductedbyChinese.B．Thealgorithmwastotallysuccessful.

C．A．I.showspromiseinearthquakeprediction.D．TheA．I.competitiononlyfocusedonearthquakes.

15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A．Japan’sVulnerabilitytoEarthquakesB．HelperinPredictingEarthquakes—A．I.

C．TheImpossibilityofEarthquakePredictionD．InternationalEffortstoPredictEarthquakes

【答案】12．B13．D14．C15．B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人工智能在地震預(yù)測(cè)方面大有前途，并給出詳

細(xì)的例子。

12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestruckthe

NotoPeninsula(能登半島)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(斷層線)

liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.(在日本，新的一年從災(zāi)難中

開始，周一，該國(guó)西部邊緣的諾托半島發(fā)生了7.5級(jí)地震。日本地下有2000多條活動(dòng)斷層帶，使其成為世

界上地震最頻繁的國(guó)家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一個(gè)新話題。故選B。

13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeen

studyingwhetherthatcouldchange.(但鑒于最近人工智能的進(jìn)步，一些研究人員一直在研究這種情況是否會(huì)改

變)”可知，人工智能的進(jìn)步讓一些研究人員對(duì)地震預(yù)報(bào)持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D。

14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithin

about200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatnever

happened.(該算法總共成功預(yù)測(cè)了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以內(nèi)。與此同時(shí)，它錯(cuò)過了一次地

震，并預(yù)測(cè)了8次從未發(fā)生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震預(yù)測(cè)方面大有前途。故選C。

15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.But

givenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcould

change.(許多科學(xué)家一直認(rèn)為地震預(yù)報(bào)是不可能的。但鑒于最近人工智能的進(jìn)步，一些研究人員一直在研究

這種情況是否會(huì)改變)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人工智能在地震預(yù)測(cè)方面大有前途，并給出詳細(xì)

的例子?？芍?，B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)地震的幫手——人工智能”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

（2024·重慶·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.

16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,

andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.

17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyour

hotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestive

process.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.

That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.

Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedto

movewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlying

tissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.

18.

Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthat

allowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.

Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keep

drinkingwhileyou’reworkingout.

A．Don’teatrightbeforeyouheadout.

B．Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.

C．Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.

D．Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.

E．IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?

F．Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.

G．Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.

【答案】16．E17．A18．F19．C20．G

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些高溫天氣下在戶外鍛煉的建議。

16．根據(jù)上文“Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.(今年夏天，氣候變化

繼續(xù)將地球的天氣推向極端)”以及后文“Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisinginthe

heat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheat

exhaustion.(我們邀請(qǐng)了一些專家來(lái)討論在高溫下運(yùn)動(dòng)背后的科學(xué)，如何保證你的身體安全，以及如果你懷疑

你或你的伴侶患有中暑該怎么做)”可知，本句主要過渡句，引出炎熱天氣是否適合運(yùn)動(dòng)的疑問。故E選項(xiàng)“在

炎熱的夏天白天跑步或騎自行車對(duì)我們的身體好嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。

17．根據(jù)后文“Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhot

outdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.

Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’s

becausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.(如果你吃了一頓像芝士漢堡這

樣的大餐，你會(huì)想等兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)再進(jìn)行戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)楦缓竞偷鞍踪|(zhì)的大餐需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能通

過消化過程。熱跑之后你應(yīng)該吃東西嗎？不。你可以馬上補(bǔ)充水分，但要等到身體冷卻后再吃。這是因?yàn)?/p>

消化食物會(huì)延遲你的身體恢復(fù)正常體溫)”可知，本段的建議是出門前不要吃太多東西。故A選項(xiàng)“出門前不

要吃東西”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。

18．根據(jù)本段主旨句“Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.(保護(hù)你的皮膚——這是身體的冷卻系

統(tǒng))”可知，本段主要建議保護(hù)皮膚。前文“Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.(為了保護(hù)你的皮膚，從防

曬霜開始)”講述了可以使用防曬霜來(lái)保護(hù)皮膚，空處應(yīng)是其他保護(hù)皮膚的方式，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“并考慮穿寬松、輕便、

能遮擋陽(yáng)光的衣服?！苯ㄗh穿有防曬作用的衣服，符合題意。故選F。

19．根據(jù)上文“Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.(穿有助于身體呼吸的衣服)”以及后文“Wear

sweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeepthe

heatclosetoyourbody.(穿吸汗的運(yùn)動(dòng)服，讓皮膚降溫。不要穿棉質(zhì)之類的衣服，因?yàn)樗鼈兡茏専崃拷咏愕?/p>

身體)”可知，本段主要就穿的衣服提出了建議，C選項(xiàng)中clothing對(duì)應(yīng)后文clothing。故C選項(xiàng)“選擇合適的

衣服也能讓你保持涼爽”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。

20．根據(jù)上文“Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.(在運(yùn)動(dòng)前、運(yùn)動(dòng)

中和運(yùn)動(dòng)后補(bǔ)充水分。脫水真的會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上)”可知，本句主要是建議補(bǔ)充水分。故G選項(xiàng)“確保你在出

門鍛煉前至少一個(gè)小時(shí)喝水”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

（2024·廣東肇慶·二模）ElmerWhitakersighedashelookedoverhismuddycrops.Aterrible21

hadsweptthroughhisfarmthenightbefore,andhiscropswerenowcoveredin22anddestroyed.His

neighbor,akindyoungmannamedThomas,23toofferhishelp.

"Whatadisaster,“Whitakersaid.”Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield.Ifeel

24anddon'tknowwhattodonow.

Thomascalmedhimdownandthoughtforamoment.“Iseethisnotasadisasterbutasan25,”

hesaid.Whitakerlookedathim26.“Howcanitbe?”heasked.Thomassmiled27,“Nowyou

haveachancetotrysomethingnew.You’vealwaysgrownbeansandcabbages.Whynottryplanting28

cropsthatwillalsofitinthissoil?Youcandiversifyandtherefore29yourfarmonceagain.”

ElmerWhitakerconsideredthis.Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.Thisdisastercouldpush

himtomakehisfarm30andsustainableinanewway.“Youhave31me,”Whitakersaid.He

clappedThomasontheback.“Thankyouforshowingmetheopportunityinthisdifficulty.”

AndsoWhitaker32newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain.Farmersfrom

neighboringtownswere33withthewonderofWhitaker’sfields,andtheybeganto34their

cropsaswell.ElmerWhitaker’sfarmhasbecomea35ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatin

everystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth.

21．A．forceB．smokeC．warD．storm

22．A．mudB．grassC．mistD．dust

23．A．wentonB．setoffC．camebyD．burstin

24．A．specialB．desperateC．sensitiveD．tireless

25．A．opportunityB．a(chǎn)greementC．intentionD．element

26．A．a(chǎn)susualB．indisbeliefC．onpurposeD．withpride

27．A．innocentlyB．gratefullyC．politelyD．cheerfully

28．A．majorB．traditionalC．differentD．natural

29．A．restoreB．exchangeC．donateD．a(chǎn)bandon

30．A．formalB．diverseC．realisticD．obvious

31．A．informedB．demandedC．enlightenedD．promised

32．A．tastedB．plantedC．sharedD．received

33．A．carefulB．troubledC．familiarD．impressed

34．A．diversifyB．removeC．deliverD．observe

35．A．mannerB．dreamC．symbolD．cause

【答案】21．D22．A23．C24．B25．A26．B27．D28．C29．A30．B

31．C32．B33．D34．A35．C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了ElmerWhitaker的農(nóng)場(chǎng)受災(zāi)后，開始多樣化種植作物，Elmer

Whitaker的農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)成為適應(yīng)性和希望的象征，告訴每個(gè)人，在每一次風(fēng)暴中，都有新的成長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì)。

21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一場(chǎng)可怕的風(fēng)暴席卷了他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥土覆蓋，

被摧毀了。A.force武力；B.smoke煙霧；C.war戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；D.storm風(fēng)暴，暴風(fēng)雨。根據(jù)前文的“helookedover

hismuddycrops”和后文的“Whatadisaster”可知，這是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難，而且災(zāi)難過后莊被泥土覆蓋，所以結(jié)合選

項(xiàng)可知，storm意思合適。故選D項(xiàng)。

22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一場(chǎng)可怕的風(fēng)暴席卷了他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿覆蓋，

被摧毀了。A.mud泥漿；B.grass草；C.mist霧；D.dust灰塵。根據(jù)前文的“helookedoverhismuddycrops”

可知，Whitaker看著泥濘的莊稼，所以他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿覆蓋。故選A項(xiàng)。

23．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他的鄰居，一個(gè)名叫Thomas的善良的年輕人，過來(lái)幫忙。A.wenton繼續(xù)；

B.setoff出發(fā)；C.cameby過來(lái)；D.burstin闖進(jìn)。根據(jù)前文的“hiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”

和后文“toofferhishelp”可知，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿覆蓋，被摧毀了，所以一個(gè)名叫Thomas的善良的年輕

人過來(lái)幫忙。故選C項(xiàng)。

24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到絕望，不知道現(xiàn)在該怎么辦。A.special特殊的；B.desperate絕望

的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.tireless不知疲倦的。根據(jù)前文的“hiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”

和“Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield”可知，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥土覆蓋，被摧毀

了，他的全家一直靠這片田地的收成生存，所以他感到絕望。故選B項(xiàng)。

25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我認(rèn)為這不是災(zāi)難，而是機(jī)會(huì)，”他說。A.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；B.agreement

協(xié)議；C.intention意圖；D.element要素。根據(jù)后文的“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew.”可知，

現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物，所以Thomas認(rèn)為這不是災(zāi)難，而是機(jī)會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。

26．考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：Whitaker難以置信地看著他，問道:“這怎么可能？”A.asusual和往常一樣；

B.indisbelief難以置信；C.onpurpose故意地；D.withpride驕傲地。根據(jù)后文的“Howcanitbe?”可知，

Whitaker認(rèn)為這不可能，覺得難以置信。故選B項(xiàng)。

27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Thomas高興地笑著說:“現(xiàn)在你有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了。你總是種豆子和卷心

菜。為什么不嘗試種植適合這種土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多樣化，從而再次恢復(fù)你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！盇.innocently

無(wú)辜地；B.gratefully感激地；C.politely禮貌地；D.cheerfully高興地。根據(jù)前文的“smiled”和后文“Nowyou

haveachancetotrysomethingnew”可知，Thomas認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在Whitaker有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了，所以高興地笑著

說。故選D項(xiàng)。

28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Thomas高興地笑著說:“現(xiàn)在你有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了。你總是種豆子和卷

心菜。為什么不嘗試種植適合這種土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多樣化，從而再次恢復(fù)你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！盇.major

主要的；B.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；C.different不同的；D.natural自然的。根據(jù)后文的“Youcandiversify”可知，

Thomas建議Whitaker多樣化種植，即種植不同的作物。故選C項(xiàng)。

29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Thomas高興地笑著說:“現(xiàn)在你有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了。你總是種豆子和卷心

菜。為什么不嘗試種植適合這種土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多樣化，從而再次恢復(fù)你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！盇.restore恢

復(fù)；B.exchange交換；C.donate捐贈(zèng)；D.abandon放棄。根據(jù)前文的“andhiscropswerenowcoveredin2and

destroyed”和后文“yourfarmonceagain”可知，Whitaker的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿覆蓋，被摧毀了，所以此處指嘗試

種植適合這種土壤的不同作物，從而再次恢復(fù)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。故選A項(xiàng)。

30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難可能會(huì)促使他以一種新的方式使他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)多樣化和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

A.formal正式的；B.diverse多樣的；C.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的；D.obvious明顯的。根據(jù)前文的“Youcandiversify”

和“Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.”可知，Thomas建議Whitaker多樣化種植，Whitaker認(rèn)為

Thomas是對(duì)的，應(yīng)該使他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)多樣化。故選