第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁(yè)，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁(yè)第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁(yè)，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁(yè)廣東省佛山市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀理解（本大題共3小題）In1980,whenMalcolmCampbellwasaseniorinhighschool,hetookahistoryclasswithateachernamedDonLawson.OneoftheunitsthatMr.Lawsontaughtwasaboutthe1960s,andmovementsagainsttheVietnamWar.Fortwodays,Mr.LawsonplayedthemsongsbyBobDylantoshowthatartcanbeanimportantvehicleforprotest.Onthesecondday,Campbellraisedhishand,withaquestion.“Isthisgonnabeonthetest?”herecalledasking.“AndMr.Lawsonlookedatmeandsaid,‘No,man,thisisforyou,’”Campbellsaid.That’swhenCampbellsuddenlyunderstoodwhatMr.Lawsonwastryingtodo.“Itwaslikeinthemovies,”Campbellremembered.“Alightwentoffinmyhead,andIrealized,‘Wow,he’splannedthismaterialnotforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment—formyownepiphany.’”Campbellwentontoearnadoctor’sdegreeinbiology.Fromthere,hespent30yearsteachingbiologyatDavidsonCollege.Allalong,hekeptthelessonsofMr.Lawsoninthebackofhismind.“Itriedtoconveytheideatomystudentsthattheyshouldbeaseageraspossibleinschool,andlearnasmuchaspossible,”Campbellsaid.“Don’tworryaboutpleasingme.Doitforyourself,”Campbelltoldhisstudents.Campbellrecentlyretiredfromteaching.Lookingbackathislongacademiccareer,oneofhisproudestachievementswashelpingstudentshavetheirownmomentsofenlightenment(啟迪).“That’sanamazingcareer—basicallyIgoaroundthrowinglitmatchesontomassesofleavesandwatchingthemtakefire,”Campbellsaid.“Andthat’sprettycool.Becauseoncetheyreallyunderstandwhatlearningis,allyougottadoisaddthatmatch,andpoof...they’regoingtolearntherestoftheirlives,”Campbellsaid.“Andthat’swhatMr.Lawsondidforme.”1．WhydidMr.LawsonplayDylan’ssongsinclass?A．Tohighlighttheroleofsongs. B．Toprovidethecontentsofexams.C．Toencouragestudents’interaction. D．ToprotestagainsttheVietnamWar.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“epiphany”probablymean?A．Interest. B．Realization. C．Passion. D．Reflection.3．Whatshouldateacherdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Learnfromexperiencedteachers. B．Arousestudents’passionforlearning.C．Devotetheirwholelifetothecareer. D．Provideprofessionalhelpforstudents.Everyspring,abouttwobillionbirdsflythroughTexas.However,lightpollutioninurbanareascanbedeadlyformanymigratory(遷徙的)species.TheexpertsfromtheTexasConservationAlliance,whorantheLightsOutprogramin2020,convinceddowntownbusinessesandresidentstoswitchoffunnecessarylightingfrom11p.m.to6a.m.duringspringandautumn,reducinglightpollutionthatisotherwisemisleadingtobirds.AsofOctober31of2024,theteamrecorded42birddeaths,downfromthe110deathsdocumentedinthefallof2023.ThisispartlyduetothesupportofdowntownbuildingownerswhohaveagreedtoturnofflightsovernightafterjoiningtheLightsOutprogramin2021.Inadditiontomakingtheverysimpleswitch,LightsOutteachescityofficialsandotherinvolvedpartieshowtodecreaselightpollutionandsaveurbanwildlife.TheAlliancehasalsodevelopedawaytoforecastbirdmigrationduringspecifictimesandinspecificlocations,helpingresidentsandbusinessespredictwhenbirdsmaypasssotheycanactivatetheLightsOutprogrammoreaccurately.Andit’snotjustawinforthebirds,butforeveryonewhosharesanecosystemwiththem.Birdsaregoodsignsofecosystemhealth.Plus,birdslookandsoundreallycoolandhaveinterestingbehaviors.Birdloverscandotheirpart,too.TheLightsOutprogram,forinstance,hasstartedusingdBird,awebsitewhereresidentscanreportcasesofdeadandinjuredbirds,whichhelpsexpertstargettheirefforts.“We’reonlyoneteam.Wecan’tcollectallthedataonthebuildingstrikes.Weknowthereismorehappening,”directorMeiLingLiutoldareporter.“Sospreadingthewordthatanyonecanreportabirdstrikeandhelpuscollectthisdataiswhatwe’retryingtodowiththiswebsite.”4．Whatdoesparagraph3tellusabouttheLightsOutprogram?A．Itraisedawarenessofconservation. B．Itaimedtoreduceelectricitywaste.C．Ithelpeddecreasethedeathsofbirds. D．Itbecamepopularamongthecountry.5．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．Toexplorewaysofconservation. B．Torecognizetheimportanceofbirds.C．Toconfirmthefunctionofecosystem. D．Toassesstheeffectivenessoftheprogram6．WhatisthesignificanceofdBird?A．Ittracksthereportedbirds. B．Itbringsbirdenthusiaststogether.C．Itincreasesthenumberofbirds. D．Itallowsbirdloverstocontribute.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GoDarktoSaveBirds B．LeadtheBirdsHomeC．RescuetheDyingBirds D．TurnOffLightsforFutureWhenitcomestotellingwhethersomeoneislying,wecurrentlyhaveveryfewoptions,butateamofIsraeliresearchersclaimstohavecomeupwithsomethingbetterthananythingwe’veseenbefore.Usingstickerscontainingelectrodes(電極)thattracktheactivityofmuscles,theresearchers.ledbyProfessorDinoLevy,discoveredthatsomepeopleunintentionallyactivatemusclesintheircheeksandeyebrowswhentheylie.Nosensorshadbeenabletomeasuretheseminormusclemovementsbefore,buttheinnovativeonesinventedbyDinoLevyprovedsensitiveenough.Basedontheassumptionthatfacialmusclescontort(扭曲)whenwelie,Levy’steamattachedthenovelstickerstoanumberoftestsubjects’checksandeyebrows,andmadethemsitface-to-facewhiletheteamspokeaseriesofwords,sometrueandsomefalse.Oneofthesubjectsworeheadphonesandhadtorepeatthewordsbeingtold,whichmeantsometimestheyhadtoliewhilerepeatingfalsewords.Thepersonsittingontheothersidehadtofigureoutwhentheywerebeingliedto.Atsomepoint,theychangedroles.Asexpected,studysubjectshadaverytoughtimedetecting(發(fā)現(xiàn))theirpartners’lies.Theelectricalsignalsdeliveredbytheelectrodesattachedtotheirfaces,ontheotherhand,managedtocatchliesatarateof73%,betterthananyotherexistingtechnology.“Inourstudy,wehadtheadvantageofknowingwhatthesubjectsheardthroughtheheadsets,andthereforealsoknowingwhentheywerelying,”Levysaid.“Thus,usingadvancedmachinelearningtechniques,wetrainedourprogramtodetectliesbasedonsignalsfromtheelectrodes.”O(jiān)ncetheliedetectionrateimprovesenough,thistechnologycouldbeusedinmanyareas,suchasairportsecurity,onlinejobinterviews,andevenpoliceinvestigations.Itwouldhelpdetectliesmorecorrectlyandquickly,makingitausefultoolforfieldsthatrelyontrustandtruthfulness.8．WhatistheIsraeliresearchers’achievement?A．Atechniqueformachinelearning. B．Anewwayofconductingresearch.C．Amethodfordetectinghumanlies. D．Anewassumptionabouthumanlying.9．Whydidtheresearchersaskthesubjectstodetectlies?A．Tomeasurethesubjects’ability. B．Toexplorethemotivesbehindlies.C．Totestthenewtypeoftechnology. D．Totrackthesubjects’muscleactivities.10．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggestaboutthetechnology?A．Ithasbeenusedinmanyfields. B．Itwillreplacehumansinfuturejobs.C．Itrequireslargeamountsoftests. D．Itshowsgreatpotentialforfutureuse.二、其他（本大題共1小題）11．將下列語(yǔ)句（A、B、C、D和E）按題號(hào)排序，構(gòu)成一個(gè)符合邏輯的完整語(yǔ)篇。A．Natureisconnectedandcontrolledbymanyfoodchains(鏈).Afoodchaindescribeswhoeatswhominahabitat.B．Withrisingawarenessofhowweaffectthenaturalenvironment,hopefullywecanlearntoprotectthesefoodchainsandhelpthemtogrow.Otherwisethecontinuedlossofspecieswilleventuallymeanourownextinction.C．Althoughtherearestrictrulescontrollingthemovementofanimalsandplantsbetweencountriesnowadays,somepartsoftheworldarestillexperiencingproblemswithinvasive(入侵的)speciesintroducedhundredsofyearsago.D．Whenoneofthelinksinafoodchainisnolongerpresent-forexample,aspeciesgoesextinct-thefoodchainbreaksandsometimesthiscancauseotheranimalstodisappearandthewholesystemcanbecomeimbalancedorevencollapse.E.Usually,humanactivityisthemaincauseofafoodchainbreak.Whenpeoplefirstexploredtheworld,theytookanimalandplantspeciesfromtheirhometotheplacestheyexplored.Theydidnotrealizethatintroducinginvasivespecieswasactuallybreakingthenaturalfoodchainsthere.→→→→三、閱讀理解（本大題共1小題）Habitsallowustomakeactionsweperformfrequentlyautomatic,forexample,cookingfamiliarfoodsanddrivinghomefromwork.Consistentlypracticinggoodbehaviorhelpstodeveloppositiveandlastinghabits.12Andbothbuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadhabitscanbechallenging,solearningsomeeffectivestrategiesisnecessary.13Therewardmustbedeliveredconsistentlyandimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehavior.Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.Remembertodothepleasurableactivityeachtimeyouperformthehealthybehavior.14Haveyounoticedchangesinyourshoppingbehaviorafteralocalshoppingcenterrearrangesitslayout?Thisisbecausechangingenvironmentalsignalsaffectshabitualbehavior.15Theseincludegoingtocollege,startinganewjob,gettingmarried,retiring,andsoon.It’simportanttorecognizetheseopportunities:theyarechancestoreshapeourhabits.Forexample,notlivingnexttoafast-foodrestaurantcanbeanopportunitytoformhealthiereatinghabits.Tobreakbadhabits,wemayconsiderincreasingthedifficultyofperformingunhealthybehaviors.16ThisiswhatItoldafriendcomplainingaboutherlittleboy’sunhealthyeatinghabits.Isuggestedthemothermakeitmoretime-consumingfortheboytoaccessfattyandsweetsnackswhilemakingfreshfruitseasilyaccessibletothechild.A．Thisregularityhelpsstrengthenthehabit.B．Thiswillhelpchildrenrealizetheirbadhabits.C．Itoftenoccursasaresultoflifecoursechanges.D．Butunhealthybehaviorscanalsobecomehabitual.E．Itisimportantforthesocietytobuildarewardsystem.F．Atthesametime,weshouldmakeiteasiertoperformthegoodhabit.G．Toturnahealthybehaviorintoahabit,youcanthinkofaneffectivereward.四、完形填空（本大題共1小題）Anemergencycallfromadadhavingchestpainsandtroublebreathingcanbeascarything.Butthankfully,a(n)17betweenthatdad’s5-year-olddaughterandpolicedispatcher(調(diào)度員)JasonBonhamturnedouttobemorehumorthan18.Therecordinghasrepeatedlygoneviral(走紅)since2010.It’sperfectly19.WhenanIndianadadcalledthepoliceandcouldn’t20,hisdaughterSavannahpickedupthephone.Remainingremarkablycalm,thegirl21answeredJason’squestions-andaddedherlivereportaswell.AtJason’srequest,shemadesurethefrontdoorwas22sotheemergencycrewcouldgetin.Shetoldhimabouttheirdog,who“barksalot,”butwas“friendly.”She23herdad,saying“Don’tworry,Dad”and“Staycalm,Dad.”ShealsokeptJasoninformedwithwhatwashappening,repeatedlysaying,“Sofar,sogood.”Butthemost24partwaswhenSavannahtoldJasonsheandherdadwereintheir“jammies(睡衣)”soshe’dhavetochange.“Idon’tknowwhatI’mgonna25,but...oh,Dadreallyneedsoxygen,realfast.”JasonsaidhewassurprisedbyhowSavannah26thecall.“Mostpeoplewouldgetfrightenedinsuchasituation.EverytimeIlistentotherecordingI’m27.She’sjustalittleperson.”28,despitethescare,everythingturnedoutfineforSavannah’sdad.Whenthe29wentviral,hermompostedonthesocialmedia,“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing30.Itmakestheentirenightworthwhile.Themore31itbringsandthemoreadultsteachchildrenwhattodo,thebetter!”17．A．quarrel B．a(chǎn)greement C．conversation D．secret18．A．horror B．inspiration C．surprise D．disappointment19．A．a(chǎn)cceptable B．suitable C．hopeless D．timeless20．A．move B．talk C．wait D．help21．A．eagerly B．expertly C．politely D．casually22．A．unlocked B．undamaged C．checked D．marked23．A．wokeup B．dressedup C．comforted D．pleased24．A．a(chǎn)musing B．touching C．important D．curious25．A．take B．do C．find D．wear26．A．viewed B．handled C．made D．expected27．A．concerned B．a(chǎn)mazed C．satisfied D．relaxed28．A．Somehow B．Indeed C．Luckily D．Ironically29．A．joke B．interview C．story D．a(chǎn)rticle30．A．passedaround B．referredto C．studied D．checked31．A．guidance B．opportunity C．encouragement D．a(chǎn)wareness五、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TwoAmericanofficersrecentlyhadanunexpectedencounterinthelineofduty.Theofficerspulledoveracar.Theirguns32(draw)becausesuchsituationsoftenturndeadly,andcarefulnessisnecessary.Unexpectedly,twochildren,a10-year-oldboyandan11-year-oldgirl,33(step)outofthecar.Thetwochildren,34aresiblings(姐弟),turnedouttoberunaways.Forthegirl,hermother35(take)awayherelectronicdeviceswasthebreakingpoint.ShewastryingtoescapetoCalifornia36herbrother.Manychildrenrunawayfromhomeatsomepointintheirchildhood,37mostdonotgetfar.Inthiscase,38pairhadtraveled320kilometers.Themotherofthechildrenhadreportedhercar39(steal)andherchildrenmissingfourhours40(early),buthadnotguessedthechildrenhadactuallytakenthecar.Thepoliceinterviewedthechildrenandconcludedtheywerenotbeingmistreatedathome.Clearly,themotherwouldneverchoose41(press)chargesagainstherchildren.六、單項(xiàng)選擇（本大題共10小題）42．Mostofthefoodtheybuyisprocessedinsomeway.A．broughtin B．sentover C．prepared D．labeled43．I’dliketohighlightthebenefitsofextensivereading.A．stress B．prove C．discuss D．explain44．Theirtalkinthelibrarygetsinthewayofmyconcentration.A．breaks B．requires C．a(chǎn)ttracts D．a(chǎn)voids45．Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveandenthusiasm.A．a(chǎn)bility B．skills C．imagination D．energy46．Eleanorspentmuchofthesummerbrushinguponherdriving.A．testing B．practicing C．learningfrom D．doingresearchon47．I’mgladthathedidn’tsimplyovertakeMichaelandcomethird.A．laughat B．takenoticeof C．pass D．ignore48．Theyhaveshiftedtheirattitudestomentalillnessinrecentyears.A．maintained B．changed C．expressed D．shaped49．Thepoorsalesperformanceisdowntotheineffectivemarketingstrategy.A．leadsto B．a(chǎn)risesfrom C．hasaninfluenceon D．takestheformof50．I’mwaybeyondashyperson,butI’mwiredupeveryday,likemostpeople.A．similarto B．thesameas C．familiarwith D．farfrom51．Afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,theycameacrossapromisingchemical.A．dangerous B．industrial C．pure D．favorable七、單詞拼寫(xiě)（本大題共10小題）52．Youcancmebyemailifyouhaveanyquestions.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫(xiě))53．Soonerorlateryou’llathebeautyofthislanguage.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫(xiě))54．Itisadjobandsheneedstoworkhardtodoitwell.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫(xiě))55．Thelocalgovernmenteaschooltogetthesekidseducated.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫(xiě))56．Theflooddthewholevillage,leavingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫(xiě))57．Hegoestothegymona(n)(有規(guī)律的)basistokeepfit.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))58．Thebuswasso(擁擠)thattherewasbarelyanyroomtostand.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))59．Wearepleasedto(宣告)thatalltheapplicantsweresuccessful.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))60．Hecanalwayssortoutsimple,effective(解決辦法)topracticalproblems.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))61．Studentsareexpectedto(掌握)somecutting-edgeinformationtechnology.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))八、翻譯（本大題共3小題）62．女孩在閱讀方面表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于男孩，這與女孩更享受閱讀有關(guān)。(漢譯英)63．成功不是由你擁有多少錢(qián)來(lái)衡量，而是由你為社會(huì)作了多少貢獻(xiàn)來(lái)衡量的。（漢譯英）64．這件事摧毀了我的身心，而我在不到一天的時(shí)間里，頭發(fā)就從黑色變成了白色。（漢譯英）九、書(shū)信寫(xiě)作（本大題共1小題）65．上周末，你從學(xué)校乘坐公交車(chē)返回家中時(shí)遭遇交通擁堵。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文，給學(xué)校英文報(bào)專(zhuān)欄“BeyondtheClassroom”投稿，分享本次經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：1．交通擁堵情況；2．你的感想。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。ALongRideHome____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．A2．B3．B【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了馬爾科姆·坎貝爾在高中時(shí)上的一堂歷史課對(duì)他產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響，以及他后來(lái)成為教師后如何將這種教學(xué)理念傳遞給自己的學(xué)生。【解析】1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Fortwodays,Mr.LawsonplayedthemsongsbyBobDylantoshowthatartcanbeanimportantvehicleforprotest.(勞森老師連續(xù)兩天給他們播放鮑勃·迪倫的歌曲，以表明藝術(shù)可以成為抗議的重要載體)”可知，勞森先生播放鮑勃?迪倫的歌曲是為了展示藝術(shù)可以成為抗議的重要工具，也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)歌曲(藝術(shù)形式之一)的作用。故選A項(xiàng)。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Alightwentoffinmyhead,andIrealized,‘Wow,he’splannedthismaterialnotforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment(我突然靈光一閃，意識(shí)到：“哇，他準(zhǔn)備這些教學(xué)內(nèi)容不是為了讓我們掌握知識(shí)本身，而是為了讓我們實(shí)現(xiàn)自我提升)”中“notforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment”可推知，老師的這些材料不是為了內(nèi)容本身，而是為了讓學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)自我提升，即讓學(xué)生自己意識(shí)到一些事情，實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的領(lǐng)悟。故劃線詞epiphany的意思是“領(lǐng)悟”，與realization同義。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Becauseoncetheyreallyunderstandwhatlearningis,allyougottadoisaddthatmatch,andpoof…they’regoingtolearntherestoftheirlives(因?yàn)橐坏┧麄冋嬲斫饬耸裁词菍W(xué)習(xí)，你所要做的就是點(diǎn)燃那根火柴，然后噗……他們就會(huì)終身學(xué)習(xí))”可推知，老師應(yīng)該做的就是點(diǎn)燃學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)熱情的“火柴”，即激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。故選B項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?．C5．B6．D7．A【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)介紹“LightsOut”計(jì)劃及其在減少城市光污染、保護(hù)遷徙鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)方面的成效，向讀者傳遞了關(guān)于光污染對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的影響以及如何采取措施減輕這一影響的信息。【解析】4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“AsofOctober31of2024,theteamrecorded42birddeaths,downfromthe110deathsdocumentedinthefallof2023.ThisispartlyduetothesupportofdowntownbuildingownerswhohaveagreedtoturnofflightsovernightafterjoiningtheLightsOutprogramin2021.(截至2024年10月31日，該團(tuán)隊(duì)記錄了42只鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)死亡，低于2023年秋季記錄的110只。這是因?yàn)椋瑥?021年開(kāi)始加入LightsOut計(jì)劃后，同意在夜間熄燈的市中心業(yè)主們的支持)”可知，本段主要告訴我們LightsOut計(jì)劃有助于減少鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的死亡。故選C項(xiàng)。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Andit’snotjustawinforthebirds,butforeveryonewhosharesanecosystemwiththem.Birdsaregoodsignsofecosystemhealth.Plus,birdslookandsoundreallycoolandhaveinterestingbehaviors.(這不僅是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的勝利，也是所有與它們共享生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的人的勝利。鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的良好標(biāo)志。此外，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)看起來(lái)和聽(tīng)起來(lái)都很酷，行為也很有趣)”可知，本段目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Birdloverscandotheirpart,too.TheLightsOutprogram,forinstance,hasstartedusingdBird,awebsitewhereresidentscanreportcasesofdeadandinjuredbirds,whichhelpsexpertstargettheirefforts.(鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)愛(ài)好者也可以盡自己的一份力量。例如，熄燈計(jì)劃已經(jīng)開(kāi)始使用dBird網(wǎng)站，居民可以在這個(gè)網(wǎng)站上報(bào)告鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)死亡和受傷的情況，這有助于專(zhuān)家有針對(duì)性地開(kāi)展工作)”可知，dBird的意義是允許鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)愛(ài)好者做出貢獻(xiàn)，故選D項(xiàng)。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyspring,abouttwobillionbirdsflythroughTexas.However,lightpollutioninurbanareascanbedeadlyformanymigratory(遷徙的)species.(每年春天，大約有20億只鳥(niǎo)飛過(guò)德克薩斯州。然而，城市地區(qū)的光污染對(duì)許多遷徙物種來(lái)說(shuō)是致命的)”以及第二段“TheexpertsfromtheTexasConservationAlliance,whorantheLightsOutprogramin2020,convinceddowntownbusinessesandresidentstoswitchoffunnecessarylightingfrom11p.m.to6a.m.duringspringandautumn,reducinglightpollutionthatisotherwisemisleadingtobirds.(德州自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟的專(zhuān)家們?cè)?020年開(kāi)展了LightsOut計(jì)劃，他們說(shuō)服市中心的企業(yè)和居民在春季和秋季的晚上11點(diǎn)到早上6點(diǎn)關(guān)掉不必要的照明，減少對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)產(chǎn)生誤導(dǎo)的光污染)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了LightsOut項(xiàng)目通過(guò)減少光污染來(lái)保護(hù)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙的成效，并號(hào)召大家一起參與關(guān)閉不必要的燈光以拯救鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。所以A項(xiàng)“熄燈以拯救鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?．C9．C10．D【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)由以色列研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)的新技術(shù)，該技術(shù)通過(guò)使用含有電極的貼紙來(lái)追蹤面部肌肉活動(dòng)，從而幫助檢測(cè)人們是否在說(shuō)謊?！窘馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whenitcomestotellingwhethersomeoneislying,wecurrentlyhaveveryfewoptions,butateamofIsraeliresearchersclaimstohavecomeupwithsomethingbetterthananythingwe’veseenbefore.(說(shuō)到判斷某人是否在說(shuō)謊，目前我們的方法非常有限，但以色列的一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)聲稱(chēng)，他們想出了比我們之前見(jiàn)過(guò)的任何方法都更好的辦法。)”以及下文“Usingstickerscontainingelectrodes(電極)thattracktheactivityofmuscles,theresearchers.ledbyProfessorDinoLevy,discoveredthatsomepeopleunintentionallyactivatemusclesintheircheeksandeyebrowswhentheylie.(研究人員由DinoLevy教授帶領(lǐng)，他們使用含有追蹤肌肉活動(dòng)電極的貼紙，發(fā)現(xiàn)有些人在說(shuō)謊時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)地牽動(dòng)臉頰和眉毛處的肌肉。)”可知，以色列研究人員的成就是一種檢測(cè)人是否說(shuō)謊的方法。故選C。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Asexpected,studysubjectshadaverytoughtimedetecting(發(fā)現(xiàn))theirpartners’lies.Theelectricalsignalsdeliveredbytheelectrodesattachedtotheirfaces,ontheotherhand,managedtocatchliesatarateof73%,betterthananyotherexistingtechnology.(不出所料，參與研究的對(duì)象很難察覺(jué)他們搭檔的謊言。另一方面，貼在他們臉上的電極所傳遞的電信號(hào)，成功以73%的準(zhǔn)確率識(shí)破謊言，這比任何現(xiàn)有技術(shù)都要好。)”可知，通過(guò)這種方式來(lái)驗(yàn)證這種利用電極貼紙檢測(cè)謊言的新技術(shù)，看其測(cè)謊準(zhǔn)確率，所以讓受試者檢測(cè)謊言是為了測(cè)試這種新型技術(shù)。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Oncetheliedetectionrateimprovesenough,thistechnologycouldbeusedinmanyareas,suchasairportsecurity,onlinejobinterviews,andevenpoliceinvestigations.Itwouldhelpdetectliesmorecorrectlyandquickly,makingitausefultoolforfieldsthatrelyontrustandtruthfulness.(一旦測(cè)謊準(zhǔn)確率提高到足夠高，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)就可以應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域，比如機(jī)場(chǎng)安檢、在線求職面試，甚至警方調(diào)查。它將有助于更準(zhǔn)確、快速地檢測(cè)謊言，使其成為依賴(lài)信任和真實(shí)性的領(lǐng)域的有用工具。)”可知，一旦測(cè)謊率足夠提高，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以應(yīng)用于機(jī)場(chǎng)安檢、在線求職面試、警方調(diào)查等許多領(lǐng)域，能夠更準(zhǔn)確快速地檢測(cè)謊言，對(duì)依賴(lài)信任和真實(shí)性的領(lǐng)域很有用，這表明該技術(shù)在未來(lái)使用中有很大的潛力。故選D。11．【答案】ADECB【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了食物鏈在自然環(huán)境中的重要性，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)食物鏈的破壞以及如何通過(guò)保護(hù)食物鏈來(lái)維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡的重要性?！驹斀狻?.文章主要介紹了食物鏈在自然環(huán)境中的重要性，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)食物鏈的破壞以及如何通過(guò)保護(hù)食物鏈來(lái)維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡的重要性。本句為整個(gè)段落的第一句，所以本句應(yīng)介紹食物鏈的定義。選項(xiàng)A“Natureisconnectedandcontrolledbymanyfoodchains(鏈).Afoodchaindescribeswhoeatswhominahabitat.(自然是由許多食物鏈連接和控制的。食物鏈描述了棲息地中誰(shuí)吃誰(shuí)。)”符合題意。故選A。2.上文解釋了食物鏈的概念，本句應(yīng)對(duì)食物鏈進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋和舉例說(shuō)明。選項(xiàng)D“Whenoneofthelinksinafoodchainisnolongerpresent-forexample,aspeciesgoesextinct-thefoodchainbreaksandsometimesthiscancauseotheranimalstodisappearandthewholesystemcanbecomeimbalancedorevencollapse.(當(dāng)食物鏈中的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)不再存在時(shí)，例如，一個(gè)物種滅絕——食物鏈就會(huì)斷裂，有時(shí)這會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他動(dòng)物消失，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)會(huì)變得不平衡甚至崩潰。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選D。3.上文介紹了食物鏈斷裂的情況，本句應(yīng)對(duì)食物鏈的斷裂原因進(jìn)行解釋。選項(xiàng)E“Usually,humanactivityisthemaincauseofafoodchainbreak.Whenpeoplefirstexploredtheworld,theytookanimalandplantspeciesfromtheirhometotheplacestheyexplored.Theydidnotrealizethatintroducinginvasivespecieswasactuallybreakingthenaturalfoodchainsthere.(通常，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)是食物鏈斷裂的主要原因。當(dāng)人們第一次探索世界時(shí)，他們把動(dòng)物和植物物種從家里帶到了他們探索的地方。他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到引入入侵物種實(shí)際上是在打破那里的自然食物鏈。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選E。4.上文介紹了以前人們引入入侵物種打斷食物鏈的情況，本句應(yīng)介紹現(xiàn)在外來(lái)物種的入侵情況。選項(xiàng)C“Althoughtherearestrictrulescontrollingthemovementofanimalsandplantsbetweencountriesnowadays,somepartsoftheworldarestillexperiencingproblemswithinvasive(入侵的)speciesintroducedhundredsofyearsago.(盡管現(xiàn)在有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則控制動(dòng)植物在國(guó)家之間的流動(dòng)，但世界上一些地區(qū)仍然面臨著數(shù)百年前引入的入侵物種的問(wèn)題。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選C。5.上文介紹了現(xiàn)在外來(lái)物種的入侵情況，本句應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)食物鏈。選項(xiàng)B“Withrisingawarenessofhowweaffectthenaturalenvironment,hopefullywecanlearntoprotectthesefoodchainsandhelpthemtogrow.Otherwisethecontinuedlossofspecieswilleventuallymeanourownextinction.(隨著人們對(duì)我們?nèi)绾斡绊懽匀画h(huán)境的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷提高，希望我們能學(xué)會(huì)保護(hù)這些食物鏈，幫助它們生長(zhǎng)。否則，物種的持續(xù)喪失最終將意味著我們自己的滅絕。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選B?！敬鸢浮?2．D13．G14．A15．C16．F【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣以及打破不良習(xí)慣的策略。【解析】12．根據(jù)前文“Consistentlypracticinggoodbehaviorhelpstodeveloppositiveandlastinghabits.(堅(jiān)持練習(xí)良好的行為有助于培養(yǎng)積極和持久的習(xí)慣)”以及后文“Andbothbuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadhabitscanbechallenging,solearningsomeeffectivestrategiesisnecessary.(養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣和改掉壞習(xí)慣都是有挑戰(zhàn)性的，所以學(xué)習(xí)一些有效的策略是必要的)”可知，前文提到好習(xí)慣，后文講述養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣和改掉壞習(xí)慣都是有挑戰(zhàn)性的，所以空處應(yīng)是提到壞習(xí)慣，D項(xiàng)“Butunhealthybehaviorscanalsobecomehabitual.(但不健康的行為也會(huì)成為習(xí)慣)”承接上文，和上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并引出下文。故選D項(xiàng)。13．設(shè)空位于句首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Therewardmustbedeliveredconsistentlyandimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehavior.Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)必須始終如一地在期望的行為之后立即發(fā)放。例如，你可以通過(guò)玩你最喜歡的電子游戲來(lái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己打掃了公寓)”可知，本段主要講述通過(guò)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣，所以G項(xiàng)“Toturnahealthybehaviorintoahabit,youcanthinkofaneffectivereward.(要把健康的行為變成習(xí)慣，你可以想一個(gè)有效的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))”符合本段主題，為本段中心句。故選G項(xiàng)。14．設(shè)空位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.Remembertodothepleasurableactivityeachtimeyouperformthehealthybehavior.(例如，你可以通過(guò)玩你最喜歡的電子游戲來(lái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己打掃了公寓。記住，每次你做健康的行為時(shí)，都要做愉快的活動(dòng))”可知，A項(xiàng)“Thisregularityhelpsstrengthenthehabit.(這種規(guī)律有助于加強(qiáng)習(xí)慣)”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，其中regularity指的就是每次你做健康的行為時(shí)，都要做愉快的活動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)。15．根據(jù)前文“Haveyounoticedchangesinyourshoppingbehaviorafteralocalshoppingcenterrearrangesitslayout?Thisisbecausechangingenvironmentalsignalsaffectshabitualbehavior.(你是否注意到當(dāng)?shù)刭?gòu)物中心重新布局后，你的購(gòu)物行為發(fā)生了變化？這是因?yàn)椴粩嘧兓沫h(huán)境信號(hào)會(huì)影響習(xí)慣性行為)”以及后文“Theseincludegoingtocollege,startinganewjob,gettingmarried,retiring,andsoon.It’simportanttorecognizetheseopportunities:theyarechancestoreshapeourhabits.Forexample,notlivingnexttoafast-foodrestaurantcanbeanopportunitytoformhealthiereatinghabits.(這些包括上大學(xué)、開(kāi)始一份新工作、結(jié)婚、退休等等。認(rèn)識(shí)到這些機(jī)會(huì)很重要：它們是重塑我們習(xí)慣的機(jī)會(huì)。例如，不住在快餐店旁邊可能是形成更健康飲食習(xí)慣的機(jī)會(huì))”可知，本段講述了因?yàn)樯钪械母淖兌纬尚碌牧?xí)慣，所以C項(xiàng)“Itoftenoccursasaresultoflifecoursechanges.(它通常是由于生命歷程的改變而發(fā)生的)”是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)笪氖菍?duì)本句的具體舉例。故選C項(xiàng)。16．根據(jù)前文“Tobreakbadhabits,wemayconsiderincreasingthedifficultyofperformingunhealthybehaviors.(為了改掉壞習(xí)慣，我們可以考慮增加執(zhí)行不健康行為的難度)”以及后文“ThisiswhatItoldafriendcomplainingaboutherlittleboy’sunhealthyeatinghabits.Isuggestedthemothermakeitmoretime-consumingfortheboytoaccessfattyandsweetsnackswhilemakingfreshfruitseasilyaccessibletothechild.(這是我對(duì)一個(gè)抱怨她兒子不健康飲食習(xí)慣的朋友說(shuō)的話。我建議這位母親讓男孩吃高脂肪和甜的零食更費(fèi)時(shí)，同時(shí)讓孩子更容易吃到新鮮水果)”可知，后文的例子，作者建議這位母親增加執(zhí)行不健康行為的難度，同時(shí)讓好習(xí)慣變得更容易，所以F項(xiàng)“Atthesametime,weshouldmakeiteasiertoperformthegoodhabit.(同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該讓養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣變得更容易)”承接上文，符合下文舉例。故選F項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?7．C18．A19．D20．B21．B22．A23．C24．A25．D26．B27．B28．C29．C30．A31．D【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)5歲小女孩Savannah在父親突發(fā)疾病無(wú)法說(shuō)話時(shí)，鎮(zhèn)定地接聽(tīng)警察調(diào)度員的電話，并提供了必要的信息，幫助救援人員順利進(jìn)入家中救助父親的故事。【解析】17．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但幸運(yùn)的是，這位父親5歲女兒與警方調(diào)度員JasonBonham之間的對(duì)話，更多的是充滿(mǎn)幽默而非恐懼。A.quarrel爭(zhēng)吵；B.agreement協(xié)議；C.conversation對(duì)話；D.secret秘密。根據(jù)下文“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing17.”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，空處指的是女兒和警方調(diào)度員JasonBonham之間的對(duì)話。故選C。18．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但幸運(yùn)的是，這位父親5歲女兒與警方調(diào)度員JasonBonham之間的對(duì)話，更多的是充滿(mǎn)幽默而非恐懼。A.horror恐怖；B.inspiration靈感；C.surprise驚訝；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文““Mostpeoplewouldgetfrightenedinsuchasituation.EverytimeIlistentotherecordingI’m18.She’sjustalittleperson.””以及常理可知，大多數(shù)人面對(duì)這樣的情況都會(huì)感到害怕，而這個(gè)小女孩卻沒(méi)有。故選A。19．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它堪稱(chēng)經(jīng)典，永不過(guò)時(shí)。A.acceptable可接受的；B.suitable適合的；C.hopeless無(wú)望的；D.timeless永恒的。根據(jù)上文“Therecordinghasrepeatedlygoneviral(走紅)since2010.”以及下文“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing

19.Itmakestheentirenightworthwhile.”可知，這段對(duì)話永不過(guò)時(shí)。故選D。20．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，印第安納州的一位父親撥打