學(xué)年度上學(xué)期湖北省部分普通高中期末聯(lián)考高二英語試卷試卷滿分：分注意事項：答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。答選擇題時必須使用鉛筆，將答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。答非選擇題時，必須使用毫米黑色簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whereisthemangoingtocollectthewoman?A.Atherhome.B.Atthebusstation.C.Atthelibrary.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:ShallIpickyouupfromyourhometomorrowevening?cangotoMary’shometogether.W:I’mgoingtobeatthelibraryuntileight.M:Icanpickyouupfromthelibrarysoyouwon’thavetotakeabus.W:Thanks,thatwillbegreat.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whendoesthewomansuggestthemanebackforthematch?A.At4:10.B.At4:20.C.At4:30.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Amy,whattimedoesthebasketballmatchstart?第1頁/共27頁W:Itstartsathalfpastfour.M:Whattimeisitnow?AmIlate?W:No,it’sonlytenpastfour.cangoforawalkandebacktenminuteslater.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.confirminformation.B.askforhelp.C.expressthanks.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellmewherethenearestsupermarketis?M:Sure,godownhere.Whenyoureachthecrossroad,turnright.alongthestreetandyou’llseeitontheothersideofthestreet.W:Isee.Thankyou.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howmuchdidthemanspendonthecup?A.￡15.00.B.￡16.00.C.￡19.00.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Thecupthatyouwantedcostsixteenpoundsinthesupermarket.M:Iknow,butIwasreallyluckyandgotitforfifteenpoundsfromalocalshoplastweek.Theyweresellingitfornineteenpounds.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Shopassistantandcustomer.B.Guideandvisitor.C.Motherandson.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Thisisyourorangejuicemadam.W:Thankyou.Bytheway,whydon’tyousellhotchocolatewhentheweatheriscold?M:Goodidea.Canyoumailyourideastome?Myemailaddressis15121995@gmai.Anddon’tforgettovisitourwebsite.It’s第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）第2頁/共27頁聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。6.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthejobofthewoman’sfather?A.Itiswellpaid.B.Itisdifficult.C.Itisinteresting.7.Whatdoesthewoman’sfathermainlydonow?A.Heconductsexperiments.B.Heteacheschemistry.C.Hedoeswork.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:fatherisachemistinabigpany?Thatmustbefascinating,butdoeshehavetospendmuchtimeinanW:Oh,hedidthatlastyear,buthedidn’tenjoyitverymuch.Sotheyhimaplaceinoneoftheirlaboratories.He’sveryinterestedindoingexperimentsthere.M:Doeshestillwanttodosometeaching?W:He’lldosomelaterintheyear.He’stoobusy8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Atripplan.B.Acookingcourse.C.Abirthdayparty.9.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Atthesupermarket.B.Intherestaurant.C.Attheyouthclub.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Makesandwiches.B.Contacthismom.C.Findablanket.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:OK,weneedtofinalizetheplanforthetripthisSaturday.Whattimeshallwemeet?M:Isuggestmeetingattheyouthclubatteno’clock.W:That’sperfect.havetimetogetsomefoodfromthesupermarket.第3頁/共27頁M:wecangetsomebreadandcheesetomakesomesandwiches.W:Goodidea.Didyouaskyourmomifwecouldborrowthepicnicblanket?M:Ohno,I’llsendheratextmessageI’msureshe’llsayyes.Whoisthemanprobably?A.Abankclerk.B.Afarmer.C.Ateacher.12.WhatdidthewomandoinSouthAfrica?A.Sheprotectedwildlife.B.Shecampedintheforest.C.Sheworkedinazoo.13.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheexperience?A.Itischallenging.B.Itisrewarding.C.Itisexciting.【答案】A12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:HiMark,Ihaven’theardfromyouforalongtime.Howhaveyoubeen?M:HiPaula,I’vebeendoingwell.I’mworkinginabankintheadministrativeareaandhowareyou?Iheardyou’vebeentoanothercountry.meaboutit.W:IjustcamebackfromSouthAfrica.Iwastherevolunteeringatanaturepreserve.TheprojectIworkedonwasaboutwildlifeprotection.Icollectedrelevantinformationonlions,elephantsandotheranimals.M:Thatsoundsgreat.musthavelearnedalot.W:Mark,whenIwasthere,Ihadtheopportunitytoseetheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat.Itrackedandrecordedtheirmovements,behaviourandecologicalimpactsonthespecies.I’velearnedalot.Itismeaningful.14.Howdoesthewomansoundinthebeginning?A.B.Humorous.C.Surprised.15.Whydidtheman’smomwanttoremovethebed?A.Itwaslarge.B.Itwasold.C.Itwasugly.16.Whatworriesthewomanaboutherroom?A.Itsspace.B.Itscolor.C.Itslocation.17.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?第4頁/共27頁A.Colorthewalls.B.Donatesomeclothes.C.Changearoom.【答案】14.C15.B16.A17.B【解析】【原文】W:How’sthedecoratinggoinginyourroom,Isitfinishedyet?M:It’sgoingokay.einandhavealookatthechanges.W:itlookspletelydifferent.Ican’tbelievemyeyes.takenoutthesparebed.Iguessyourmomwashappywiththat.Shethoughtitdidn’tlookgoodtoputsomethinghere,didn’tshe?M:itwasquiteold,soshethoughtitwastimetomakesomechanges.paintedthewalls,too.W:youchosepurple.Isityourfavoritecolor?M:Hmm,itmadetheroomdarker,butIdon’tmindthat.ItmeansIcanseemyputerscreenbetter.W:I’mlookingforwardtochangingmyroom,too.Thethingis,whateverIdowithit,Ican’tfindenoughspaceforallmythings.M:That’sbecauseyou’vegotsomanyclothes.Myroomwasfull,too.Istoredsomethingsundermybed,butthatdidn’timproveitmuch.Oh,youcangivetheclothesyoudon’tweartopeoplewhoneedthem.W:Goodidea.18.Whatwillstudentsneedtodo?A.Attendmeetingsontime.B.Dealwithemails.C.Createdatabases.19.Whatcanstudentsgetopportunitiestodointheorganization?A.theirnativelanguages.B.Cooperatewithlargeorganizations.C.inasmallteam.20.Howcanstudentsgetmoreinformationabouttheorganization?A.Bycallingthespeaker.B.Byvisitingitinperson.C.Bylookingatitsblog.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorningeveryone.Areyoulookingforworkthatwillgiveyouvaluableexperienceandhelpyougetmoreknowledge?Ifso,etoourorganization.organizelinksbetweenschoolsallovertheworld.currentlyhavethreeworkexperiencepositionsavailableforstudentsfromyourcollege.Theworkwillinvolve第5頁/共27頁arangeoftasksincludingdealingwithemails,arrangingmeetings,andkeepingourdatabaseuptodate.areparticularlyinterestedinofferingthesepositionstostudentswithsomeknowledgeoftwoormorelanguages.provideyouwithopportunitiestofinishjobsinasmallteam.Here,youcandevelopawiderrangeofskillsthaninalargerorganization.Ourinternationalnetworkmeansthatyoucanalsokeepincontactwith.Peopleallovertheworldyoucanfindfurtherinformationaboutourorganizationonourblog.lookforwardtohearingfromanyofyou.Bestwishestoyouall.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A(CrookedHouse)Sopot,Polandpleted:2004Inspiration:FairytalesSize:Aboutthreefourthsthesizeofafootballfielditswarped(彎曲的)wallsandaroofthatlookslikegreendragonscales(鱗片)CrookedHouseispopularwithphotographers.Inside,though,isatypicalmallandbuilding.Peoplecanshopinthestores,eatintherestaurants,andgettheirhaircutinasalon.AfavoritefeatureistheofFame,withsignaturesfromPolishcelebrities.It’smodeledaftertheHollywoodofFame.Rotterdam,Netherlandspleted:1984Inspiration:inaforestSize:AboutonefourththesizeofabasketballcourtThe38CubeHousesareapopularattraction,buttheyarealsorealhousesthatpeoplelivein!ArchitectPietBlomdesignedthehomesbasedontheideaof“l(fā)ivingasanurbanroof”,withthehousingaboveandthecourtyards,shops,andevenamuseumPigeonForge,pleted:2006第6頁/共27頁Inspiration:AlaboratoryinanItalianstylehouse.Whatifanexperimeninsidethrewthebuildingintotheairandmadeitlandupsidedown?Size:AboutninetenthsthesizeofafootballfieldThisindooramusementparkisactuallyprettynormal.TheupsidedownfeaturesarejustforInsidearemorethan100handsonscienceexhibitsandactivities,includingahurricaneforcewindtunnel,azerogravityastronauttrainingride,andathreestoryropescourse.Guangzhou,Chinapleted:2010Inspiration:ErosionofrocksandlandscapesSize:About13timesthesizeofafootballfieldTheGuangzhouOperaHousewasdesignedbyIraqibornarchitectZahaHadid.Shesaidsheletnaturalplacesinspireherbuildings,suchasthisoperahouseonthePearlRiver.Thoughnatureinspiredthearchitect,sheused21stcenturyconstructionanddesignmethodstomakeherdesignareality.21.WhatisafeatureofKrzywyDomek?A.ItisthesameastheHollywoodofFame.B.Itshowsthesignaturesoffamouspeople.C.Ithasdragonthemedpaintings.D.Itisupsidedown.22.WhatcanvisitorsdoatA.Enjoyatheater.B.Gettheirhaircut.C.Goshoppingatasupermarket.D.Experiencesciencefocusedactivities.23.WhatinspiredthearchitectoftheGuangzhouOperaHouse?A.Alaboratory.B.Afairytale.C.Nature.D.Music.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界上一些令人驚嘆的建筑?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)部分的“AfavoritefeatureistheofFame,withsignaturesfromPolishcelebrities.It'smodeledaftertheHollywoodofFame.(一個受歡迎的特色是名人墻，上面有波蘭名人的簽名。它是模仿好萊塢星光大道)”可知，KrzywyDomek的特點是它展示了名人的簽名。故選B?！?2題詳解】第7頁/共27頁細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)部分的“Insidearemorethan100handsonscienceexhibitsandactivities,includingahurricaneforcewindtunnel,azerogravityastronauttrainingride,andathreestoryropescourse.(里面有100多個動手科學(xué)展覽和活動，包括一個颶風(fēng)強度的風(fēng)洞、一個零重力宇航員訓(xùn)練騎行和一個三層樓的繩索課程)”可知，游客在可以體驗以科學(xué)為重點的活動。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheGuangzhouOperaHousewasdesignedbyIraqibornarchitectZahaHadid.Shesaidsheletnaturalplacesinspireherbuildings,suchasthisoperahouseonthePearlRiver.(廣州大劇院由伊拉克出生的建筑師扎哈·哈迪德設(shè)計。她說，她讓自然場所激發(fā)她的建筑設(shè)計靈感，比如這座位于珠江上的歌劇院)”可知，廣州大劇院的建筑師受到了大自然的啟發(fā)。故選C。BCaring17yearold,LaurenSchroederwasinspiredtohelpbringhealthyfoodtoneedyfamiliesinhermunity.atafoodshelterwhenshewasjust14,andtaskedwithhelpingfillboxesforhouseholdsinneedwithpackagedfood,thisIowateenfeltthatsomethingwasmissingfromthedonateditems:freshvegetables.ThiskindheartedteenthentoldherparentsaboutherdesiretostartagardenonpartoftheirfamilyfarminDixon,Iowa,inordertosupplylocalfamiliesinneedwithfreshproduce.TheworkinvolvedinrealizingLauren’splanwasnotawalkinthepark.Whileproudofherdaughter’sideaandeagertosupportherproject,KatieSchroeder,hermother,admittedtosomeconcernabouttheworkload:“Howmuchworkisthisgoingtobe?”Thiswasonedeterminedyoungchangemaker,however!Laurenresearchedplantsonline,checkingwhichspeciesneededmoreshade,howmuchwaterwasrequired,andthebesttimestoharvesteachcrop.Moreimportantly,Laurendidn’tshyawayfromhardwork.DuringIowa’shotanddrysummers,shehadtowaterhercropsbyhandforaroundtwotothreehoursdaily.Shealsocheckeddailyforweeds(雜草)andbent(彎腰)downtopickhergreenbeancrop,themostchallengingvegetabletoharvestinheropinion.helpfromherfamily,sheplantedhalfanacre(英畝)ofland,with15varietiesofvegetablesin2022,harvestingherfirstcrops,totaling40pounds.Theeightinitialbeneficiariesincludedfoodbanks,anursinghome,andasoupkitchen.Inthepasttwoyears,thisadmirablehighschooljuniorhasdonatedmorethan7,000poundsofhomegrownproduce,withanestimatedvalueofUS$15,000.Explaininghermotivationtolocalmedia,Laurensays:“Iwantedtohavesomethingthatwouldimpactpeople.Iwanttoimpactmunitymembers.Manypeoplehelpyouout,butitmakesmoredifferencewhenyouhelp第8頁/共27頁othersout.That’swhatmakesmehappiest.”24.WhatinspiredLauren’sinterestinplantingvegetablesherself?A.Afoodsheltervisit.B.Herloveforgardening.C.Thelackofdonatedfreshvegetables.D.Herdesireforhealthyvegetables.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“awalkinthepark”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Aneffectivesolution.B.Aspecialcase.C.Anewconcept.D.Aneasytask.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLauren?A.Hardworkingandstrongwilled.B.Slowmovingandsoftspoken.C.Outgoingandgoodhumored.D.Quickthinkingandwellmannered.27.WhatisthedrivingforcebehindLauren’sactions?A.Promotingahealthylifestyle.B.Affectingpeoplearoundher.C.Drawingsupportfromherparents.D.recognitioninlocalmedia.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講述的是17歲的LaurenSchroeder如何受到啟發(fā)，決定在她的社區(qū)為貧困家庭提供健康食物的故事?！?4題詳解】atafoodshelterwhenshewasjust14,andtaskedwithhelpingfillboxesforhouseholdsinneedwithpackagedfood,thisIowateenfeltthatsomethingwasmissingfromthedonateditems:freshvegetables.(當(dāng)她14食品的盒子，這個愛荷華州的女孩覺得捐贈的物品中缺少了一些東西：新鮮蔬菜。)”可知，激發(fā)了Lauren對自己種植蔬菜的興趣的是缺乏捐贈的新鮮蔬菜。故選C?！?5題詳解】TheworkinvolvedinrealizingLauren’splanwasnot(實現(xiàn)勞倫的計劃所涉及的工作卻沒有)”和“Whileproudofherdaughter’sideaandeagertosupportherproject,KatieSchroeder,hermother,admittedtosomeconcernabouttheworkload(她的母親KatieSchroeder)Lauren的計劃可不是一件輕而易舉的事情”，awalkinthepark的意思是“輕而易舉的任務(wù)”，和Aneasytask意思相近。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“DuringIowa’shotanddrysummers,shehadtowaterhercropsbyhandforaround第9頁/共27頁twotothreehoursdaily.Shealsocheckeddailyforweeds(雜草)andbent(彎腰)downtopickhergreenbeancrop,themostchallengingvegetabletoharvestinheropinion.(在愛荷華州炎熱干燥的夏季，她每天不得不親手給作物澆水大約兩到三個小時。她還會每天檢查雜草，并彎腰采摘她的綠豆作物，在她看來，這是最難采)”可知，Laurenhardworking和strongwilled來描述Lauren。故選A。【27題詳解】Explaininghermotivationtolocalmedia,Laurensays:“Iwantedtohavesomethingthatwouldimpactpeople.Iwanttoimpactmunitymembers.Manypeoplehelpyouout,butitmakesmoredifferencewhenyouhelpothersout.That’swhatmakesmehappiest.”(Lauren)”可知，Lauren的行為背后的驅(qū)動力是影響她周圍的人。故選B。CThePublicLibraryinMassachusetts,announcedthatthroughtheendofMarch,peoplewhohavelostordamagedabookorotherborroweditemscanbringaphotograph,drawing,ormagazineclippingofacat,andgettheirlibrarycardsreactivated.ThelibrarycallstheprogramMarchMeowness,awayforthesystemofsevenbrancheslibrarytoforgivemembersofthemunitywhomisplacedabookordamagedaborroweditem,andthenneverwentbacktoavoidpayingforit.Injustafewdays,theprogramhasalreadygeneratedhundredsofreturns,multiplepostingsofcatphotographsonthelibrary’sFacebookpage,andphotographsanddrawingspinnedonagrowing“catwall”inthemainbuilding.ThelocalBroadcastingStation,WBUR,describeditasa“neverbefur(before)triedinitiative,”andurgedestablishedcustomerstohurryand“actmeow(now).”Sofar,theresponse,WBURsaid,makesJasonHomer,theexecutivedirectorofthelibrary,“feline(feeling)good.”Mr.HomersaidinaninterviewonMondaythatabout400peoplehavehadtheirlibraryaccountsunblockedandborrowingprivilegesrestoredafterbringingintheirpicturesordrawingsofcats.Anycatwilldo,oreven,forthatmatter,anycreaturewilldo.takealotofhonorarycats,”Mr.Homersaid.“Anyungovernableanimal.”Ifyoudon’thaveacat?Noproblem.Onecatless7yearoldboy,whoneverreturneda“CaptainUnderpants”book,hadhislibrarycardreactivatedafterthegavehimpaperandcrayonstosketchone.第10頁/共27頁LikemanypubliclibrariesintheUnitedStates,thelibrariesinacityofabout200,000peoplesouthwestofBoston,aretryingtoencouragepeopletoreemergefromtheinfrequent,lonelydaysofthepandemic(疫情).Usedasvaccinesitesthroughthepandemic,thecity’slibrarieshavereturnedtobeelivelymunityspaces,crafts,wellnesscourses,andsession(討論會)aboutavoidingfraud.28.Whatisthepurposeofthe“MarchMeowness”program?A.restartlibrarycardsforsomereaders.B.providediscountsonlibrarymemberships.C.collectbooksaboutcatsfrompeople.D.raisefundstofeedandprotectstreetcats.29.Howhasthe“MarchMeowness”programbeenreceived?A.Ithasledtoanincreaseincatadoptions.B.Ithasbeenpopularforthefirstfewdays.C.Ithasnotbeensuccessfulandthelocalmediahelpedtopromoteit.D.Ithasresultedinasignificantnumberofreturnsandcatrelatedactivities.30.Whatdoestheexampleofthe7yearoldboyshow?A.Thethoughtfulnessofthelibraryinreactivatinglibrarycards.B.Theimportanceofreturninglibrarybooksontime.C.Theboy’simaginationandtalentfordrawing.D.Theconsequencesoflosinglibrarybooks.31.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthelibrariesinAOnlyasmallnumberofpeoplegotheretoread.B.Theyremainedclosedduringthepandemic.C.Theyhavehelpedimproveandenrichpeople’slife.D.Theywillbetransformedintoteachingcenters.【答案】28.A29.D30.A31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是馬薩諸塞州市的公共圖書館推出的一項名為“MarchMeowness”的活動?！?8題詳解】ThePublicLibraryinMassachusetts,announcedthatthroughtheendofMarch,peoplewhohavelostordamagedabookorotherborroweditemscanbringaphotograph,drawing,ormagazineclippingofacat,andgettheirlibrarycardsreactivated.(馬薩諸塞州市的公共圖書館宣布，截至3月底，丟失或損壞書籍或其他借閱物品的讀者可以帶來一張貓的照片、畫作或雜志剪貼第11頁/共27頁畫，以重新激活他們的借書證。)MarchMeowness”項目的目的是重新啟用部分讀者的借書證。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Injustafewdays,theprogramhasalreadygeneratedhundredsofreturns,multiplepostingsofcatphotographsonthelibrary’sFacebookpage,andphotographsanddrawingspinnedonagrowing“catwall”inthemainbuilding.(在短短幾天內(nèi)，該項目已經(jīng)促使數(shù)百人歸還物品，圖書館的臉書頁面上貼滿了貓的照片，主樓的“貓墻”上也掛滿了越來越多的照片和畫作。)MarchMeowness”的項目帶來了大量的書籍歸還和與貓相關(guān)的活動。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyoudon’thaveacat?Noproblem.Onecatless7yearoldboy,whoneverreturneda“CaptainUnderpants”book,hadhislibrarycardreactivatedafterthegavehimpaperandcrayonstosketchone.(如果你沒有貓？沒問題。一個沒有貓的7歲男孩從未歸還過一本叫“CaptainUnderpants”的書，工作人員給了他紙和蠟筆讓他畫一只貓，之后他的借書證就被重新激活了。)”可知，這個7歲男孩的例子說明了圖書館工作人員在重新激活圖書證時的周到。故選A。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“LikemanypubliclibrariesintheUnitedStates,thelibrariesinacityofabout200,000peoplesouthwestofBoston,aretryingtoencouragepeopletoreemergefromtheinfrequent,lonelydaysofthepandemic(疫情).Usedasvaccinesitesthroughthepandemic,thecity’slibrarieshavereturnedtobeelivelymunityspaces,offeringcrafts,wellnesscourses,andsession(討論會)aboutavoiding20的圖書館也在努力鼓勵人們擺脫疫情期間那些不常見且孤獨的日子。疫情期間，這些圖書館被用作疫苗接種點，現(xiàn)在又重新煥發(fā)生機，成為活躍的社區(qū)空間，提供手工藝、健康課程和關(guān)于防范欺詐的討論會。)”可知，的圖書館改善和豐富了人民生活。故選C。DScientistsexploringamarinetrench(海溝)nearJapanwereastonishedtofindafishat8,336metersbelowthesurface.Thecreatureisatypeofsnailfish,andit’sprobablythedeepestfishanyonewilleverfind.Thepreviousrecordholder,ayoungsnailfishseenintheMarianawasfilmedatadepthof8,178metersin2017.Fishsurviveunderhighpressuresofextremedepthsbecauseofosmolytesintheircells(細(xì)胞).Theamountofosmolytesincreasesatgreaterdepthstoensurefishcellsdon’tshrink(收縮)toomuchatenormouspressures,butthelevelsoftheosmolytesreachtheirhighestataround8,400meters.Sothat’sthelimitoffishphysiology(生理第12頁/共27頁機能).ScientistProsantaChakrabartyisimpressedthatthefishcouldsurvivesofardown,wherethewaterpressureis800timesthatofthesurface.“Atthatdepth,everythingfromgasexchangeforbreathingtoalmosteveryphysiologicalfunctionseemsimpossible,”hesays.“Icanbarelyswimtothebottomofaswimmingpoolwithoutmyearspopping.”DeepseascientistAlanJamieson’steamdiscoveredthesnailfishinAugust2022intheIzuOgasawaranearJapan,whichconnectstotheMarianainthesouth.ThedeepestpartsoftheJapanesetrenchareslightlywarmerthanthewatersatsimilardepthsintheMariana,reachingabout1.7degreesCelsius.Theslightdifferenceintemperatureseemstobewhythesnailfishsurvives.Osmolytesarelesseffectiveatlowtemperatures,andthesesnailfisharelivingneartheedgeofwhat’spossible.Theresearchersuseda“l(fā)ander”—anunderwatervehicleequippedwithcameras—tophotographthefish.Thelanderthatmadethefindingphotographedasingleyoungsnailfishat8,336meters.Over400speciesofsnailfishareknownfromshallowwaterstoextremedepths,andeachspeciesadaptstowhereitlives.“Eachtrenchhasitsownsnailfishinit.Oncethey’vegrowntocopeinatrench,theycannotdepress(解壓)togetfromonetrenchtoanother,”saysJamieson,wholedtheteamthatmadethediscovery.Andhealsonotedthepartplayedbytechnologyinthediscovery.32.Howdoesthissnailfishfromthoselivinginshallowwaters?A.Itscellsaremuchlargerinsize.B.Itmovesatmuchslowerspeeds.C.Itsbodycontainsmanymoreosmolytes.D.Itisabletoliveamuchlongerlife.33.WhatdoesChakrabartywanttoshowbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3?A.Thesnailfish’samazingabilitytocopewithenormouspressures.B.Theacceptablepressuresatthebottomofaswimmingpool.C.Thechallengeoffindingafishatthedeepestpartsofatrench.D.Thegreatchangesinpressureatdifferentdepthsofwater.34.Whatmakesitpossibleforthesnailfishtobreakthe2017record?A.Thetrench’sspecialstructure.B.Thelargeamountoffood.C.Thelowerpressure.D.Thewarmerwater.35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AdeeperunderstandingofunexploredtrenchesB.HowastrangelookingfishsurvivesC.HowresearchersexplorethedeepseaD.Thedeepestfisheverrecorded第13頁/共27頁【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了科學(xué)家在日本附近的海溝發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種生活在極端深海環(huán)境中的獅子魚，這是目前已知生活在最深水域的魚類?！?2題詳解】Fishsurviveunderhighpressuresofextremedepthsbecauseofosmolytesintheircells(細(xì)胞).Theamountofosmolytesincreasesatgreaterdepthstoensurefishcellsdon’tshrink(收縮)toomuchatenormouspressures,butthelevelsoftheosmolytesreachtheirhighestataround8,400meters.(魚類之所以能在極深的高壓下生存，是因為它們細(xì)胞中的滲透細(xì)胞。滲透細(xì)胞的數(shù)量在更深的地方增加，以確保魚的細(xì)胞在8400)水區(qū)的獅子魚的不同之處在于它的身體含有更多的滲透細(xì)胞。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Atthatdepth,everythingfromgasexchangeforbreathingtoalmosteveryphysiologicalfunctionseemsimpossible,”hesays.“Icanbarelyswimtothebottomofaswimmingpoolwithoutmyearspopping.”()”可知，在那個深度，幾乎所有的生理功能似乎都是不可能的，由此可推知，Chakrabarty想通過說出第三段中劃線的句子來表達(dá)獅子魚應(yīng)對巨大壓力的驚人能力。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThedeepestpartsoftheJapanesetrenchareslightlywarmerthanthewatersatsimilardepthsintheMariana,reachingabout1.7degreesCelsius.Theslightdifferenceintemperatureseemstobewhythesnailfishsurvives.(日本海溝的最深處比Mariana的相似深度的海水略熱，達(dá)到約1.7攝氏度。溫度的微小差異似乎是獅子魚存活下來的原因。)”可知，讓獅子魚有可能打破2017年的紀(jì)錄的是溫暖的海水。故選D?！?5題詳解】Scientistsexploringamarinetrench(海溝)nearJapanwereastonishedtofindafishat8,336metersbelowthesurface.Thecreatureisatypeofsnailfish,andit’sprobablythedeepestfishanyonewilleverfind.Thepreviousrecordholder,ayoungsnailfishseenintheMarianawasfilmedatadepthof8,178metersin2017.(科學(xué)家們在日本附近的一個海溝里驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條魚，在水下8336米的地方。這種生物是一種獅子魚，它可能是人們能找到的最深的魚。之前的紀(jì)錄保持者是2017年在Mariana海8178米。)第14頁/共27頁活在極端深海環(huán)境中的獅子魚，這是目前已知生活在最深水域的魚類，因此最好的標(biāo)題是D選項“Thedeepestfisheverrecorded(有記錄以來最深的魚)”。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）There’sonethingforcertainwe’reallgettingolder.Andwhiletheolderamongusmaybenospringchickensanymore,growingoldgracefullyisnobadthing.____36____.However,astheworldpopulationages,willtherebeenoughpeopletoreplaceouryoungerselves?Asituationwheretherearemoreoldpeoplethanyoungcertainlyhasanontheworld.____37____.Accordingtoit,globallythenumberofpeopleover65yearsoldwilltriple(增至三倍)by2050,greatlychangingsomecountries’demographicmakeup(人口組成).Thisgrowinganddependentpopulationmeansthatthereisanincreaseddemandforhealthandsocialcare.Governmentswillstruggletoprovidesatisfactorypensions(養(yǎng)老金),whichareultimatelyfundedbytaxes(稅)paidbytheworkingpopulation.Andlongterm,asmallerpopulationofeconomicallyactivepeoplemaybeaproblemforpaniestryingtoemploy____38____.ThePewResearchCentersurveyfoundthat87%ofJapanesepeopleweremostconcernedaboutit,whileonly26%ofpeoplefromtheUSAwereanxiousaboutit.Here,immigration(移民)ishelpingtoboost(使增長)theyoungerworkforce.Somecountriesthoughttheelderlyshouldtakecareofthemselves,whileothersthoughtitwastheresponsibilityofthefamily.Manythoughtthegovernmentshouldberesponsible.Butoldageshouldn’tjustbeseennegatively.____39____.Somehavewealthwhichtheycanspendhelpingtheeconomy.Somehavethepassiontohelpsocietybydoingvoluntaryorcharitywork.____40____.Theseincludeincreasingtheretirementage,encouragingpeopletosaveforthefuture,persuadingskilledandeducatedmigrantstofilllabourshortages,orevenconvincingpeopletohavemorechildren.A.AreportwasmadebythePewResearchCenter.B.Ofcourse,solutionsareneededtosolvetheissue.C.Therefore,anagingpopulationleadstoimprovementsthatbenefitsallagegroups.D.Elderlypeoplehaveknowledgeandexperiencetheycanpasson.E.ageeswisdom.F.Attitudestoanageingpopulationvaryaroundtheworld.G.Theagingpopulationpresentsanopportunityforeconomicdiversification(多元化).【答案】36.E37.A38.F39.D40.B第15頁/共27頁【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人口老齡化這一現(xiàn)象以及其帶來的好處和挑戰(zhàn)。36題詳解】根據(jù)前文“There’sonethingforcertainwe’reallgettingolder.Andwhiletheolderamongusmaybenospringchickensanymore,growingoldgracefullyisnobadthing.(有一件事是肯定的——我們都在變老。雖然我們中的老年人可能不再是年輕的年輕人，但優(yōu)雅地變老并不是一件壞事。)”可知，這里在說人都會變老，優(yōu)雅地變老也不錯，E選項ageeswisdom.(歲月帶來智慧。)可知，承接上文，進(jìn)一步說明變老的好處。故選E項。【37題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Accordingtoit,globallythenumberofpeopleover65yearsoldwilltriple(增至三倍)by2050,greatlychangingsomecountries’demographicmakeup(人口組成).(根據(jù)該報告，到2050年，全球65歲以上it”指代前文提到的某個事物，A選項AreportwasmadebythePewResearchCenter.(皮尤研究中心做了一份報告。)it”指代“areport”，上下文緊密連接，符合語境。故選A項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“ThePewResearchCentersurveyfoundthat87%ofJapanesepeopleweremostconcernedaboutit,whileonly26%ofpeoplefromtheUSAwereanxiousaboutit.Here,immigration(移民)ishelpingtoboost(使增長)theyoungerworkforce.Somecountriesthoughttheelderlyshouldtakecareofthemselves,whileothersthoughtitwastheresponsibilityofthefamily.Manythoughtthegovernmentshouldberesponsible.(皮尤研究中心的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，87%的日本人最擔(dān)心這個問題，而只有