Unit3 TheInternetDiscoveringUsefulStructuresLearningAims:12Analyzetheformsandfeaturesofthepresentperfectpassivevoice.Findoutthedifferencesinmeaningandfunctionbetweentheactiveandpassiveforms.Masterthefunctionsofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceinthecontextanduseitinrealsituations.3StepI Leadin主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語(yǔ)by的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)被動(dòng)“三不變”原句意思不變?cè)鋾r(shí)態(tài)不變?cè)渲髦^賓以外成分不變e.g.：Theybuildnineparks.Nineparks_________________bythem.arebuilte.g.：Theybuiltnineparks.werebuilte.g.：Theyarebuildingnineparks.arebeingbuiltStepII PresentationAnenemyhasbeenslained.一名敵人被擊殺。Anallyhasbeenslained.我方隊(duì)友被擊殺。Youhavebeenslained.你被擊殺了。Summary:1.以上句子中所使用的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是:

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have/has+been+V.-ed(分)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theyhavebuiltnineparks.Nineparkshasbeenbuiltbythem.activevoicepassivevoice表示說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作或結(jié)果，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)e.g.:People’sliveshavebeenchangedbyonlinecommunitiesandsocialnetworks.

e.g.:

Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromtheclothes.e.g.:Haven’tyourproblemsbeensolved?

e.g.:Howlonghasthemachinebeenrepaired?

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+has/havebeen

P.P.

+...

.否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/havebeennotP.P.+...

.一般疑問(wèn)句：Has/have+主語(yǔ)+beenP.P.+...?特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞

+

have/hasbeenP.P.+...?StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法e.g.:1.Thedatabasehas

alreadybeenupdated.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已經(jīng)被更新了。(現(xiàn)在可以使用新的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)了)2.SevenHarryPorterbooks

(write)byJ.K.Rowlingsofar.havebeenwrittenSummary:1.表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar,bynow,uptill/tonow,since等連用。StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法e.g.:1.Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺(tái)機(jī)器已經(jīng)被修了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)被修)2.Anewbridge

(build)sincetwoweeksago.

hasbeenbuiltSummary:2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,常與for或since等引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)連用,或用于howlong引出的句子中。StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法e.g.:Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作業(yè)沒(méi)完成之前，你不應(yīng)該離開(kāi)學(xué)校。Summary:3.用在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

already

已經(jīng)(肯定句)

yet

已經(jīng)(否定句或者疑問(wèn)句)recently/lately最近sincethen

從那時(shí)起eversince

自那以來(lái)

ever曾經(jīng)sofar

迄今為止

foralongtime很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間bynow

到現(xiàn)在為止

inrecentyears

在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在過(guò)去的幾年里StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況e.g.:Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年這個(gè)公園向公眾開(kāi)放。Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.這個(gè)公園已向公眾開(kāi)放。1.與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí):說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,即現(xiàn)在公園已經(jīng)向公眾開(kāi)放了StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況e.g.:Theworkwasfinished

twoweeksago.這項(xiàng)工作于兩周前被完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished

fortwoweeks.這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)被完成。2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思,則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況e.g.:Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)調(diào)查了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。3.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。StepII Presentation現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況e.g.:1.Wehavebuilt

manyhouses

inthepasttenyears.→Manyhouses

havebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.2.Wehavegiven

himalotofcash.→He

hasbeengivenalotofcash.→Alotofcash

hasbeengiventohim.3.單一賓語(yǔ)和雙賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise等,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng);也可將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)保留,保留賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to或for。用to還是for,需根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的搭配來(lái)確定。單個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。StepII Presentation5.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況e.g.:1.Ihavetoldthemtotaketheiridentitycards.→Theyhavebeentold

totaketheiridentitycards.2.IhaveneverheardJennysayanythingagainsther.→Jennyhasneverbeenheard

tosayanythingagainsther.帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。原來(lái)省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。StepIII PracticeⅠ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1.Thisfamouspainting____________(buy)byadealerthreedaysago.2.Manyman－madesatellites_________________(send)upintospacesofar.3.Howmanycars__________________(make)inthefactorysincelastyear?4.Sofar，alotofnewsoftware___________________(apply)totheInternet.5.People’slives_____________________(change)alotbytheInternetoverthepastfewyears.wasboughthavebeensenthavebeenmadehasbeenappliedhavebeenchangedStepIII PracticeⅡ.按要求改寫句子1.Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.→__________________________________________________________(改為否定句)→__________________________________________________________(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)→__________________________________________________________(對(duì)thechildren進(jìn)行提問(wèn))2.Theyhavedonemanyexperimentsinthepastfewyears.→____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(改為被動(dòng)句)Thechildrenhaven’tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.Havethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet？Whohasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet？Manyexperimentshavebeendoneinthepastfewyears.StepIII PracticeⅡ.按要求改寫句子3.Thiscompanyhasproducednewtypesofcomputers.→_________________________________________________________________________________________________________.(改為被動(dòng)句)4.Youcangohomeassoonasyouhavefinishedyourtask.→Youcangohomeassoonasyourtask______________________.(改為被動(dòng)句)5.Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→He______________________________________________________________________________________________________.(改為被動(dòng)句)→Achancetoworkabroad_____________________________________________(改為被動(dòng)句)Newtypesofcomputershavebeenproducedbythiscompany.hasbeenfinishedhasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).hasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).1.We’vedonealotofworkonit,butwe____________(finish)yet.2.Tom________________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.3.Morepublictransport_____________(build)inChina,makingiteasierforpeopletotravel.4.Progress_________(be)sofarverygoo