高二—人教版—英語(yǔ)—選擇性必修二第一單元

Unit1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

Lesson3:DiscoverUsefulStructures&UsingStructuresLearningObjectives（學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)）Bytheendofthelesson,youwillbeableto：1.understandthebasicformofpredicativeclauses(表語(yǔ)從句).

2.mastertheusagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctions(從屬連詞)thatleadpredicativeclauses.3.understandthemeaningsandfunctionsofpredicativeclauses.4.usepredicativeclausescorrectlyandproperlyincontext(語(yǔ)境中).

RevisionQ1.InPara.2,whatwerethetwocontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomenandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Q1.

InPara.2,whatwerethecontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.

InPara.3,whydidthewomenandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.

Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.

Itseemed

thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.ThetruthwasthatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.RevisionExplore:Observeandfind1.Onetheory

was

thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another

was

thatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfood

andwater.3.It

seemed

thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe

haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth

was

thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected

bywaste.SubjectSubjectSubjectSubjectLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbDependentclause(從句)Dependentclause(從句)Dependentclause(從句)Dependentclause(從句)ThebasicformofPredicativeClause:Subject+Linkingverbs+[subordinatingconjunction+otherelements]PCthat,whether,how,where,what,asif...be,seem,appear,look,sound...1.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscienceiswhatmakesmeimmenselysatisfied.—BillGates2.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobewhengeneticsandcomputerscometogether.—AlvinToffler3.Thedoctorhasbeentaughttobeinterestednotinhealthbutindisease.Whatthepublicistaughtisthathealthisthecurefordisease.—AshleyMontagu4.ResearchiswhatI’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.

—WernhervonBraunPractice:Findoutpredicativeclausesineachsentence.1.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscienceis

whatmakesmeimmenselysatisfied.—BillGates2.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobe

whengeneticsandcomputerscometogether.—AlvinToffler3.Thedoctorhasbeentaughttobeinterestednotinhealthbutindisease.Whatthepublicistaughtis

thathealthisthecurefordisease.

—AshleyMontagu4.Researchis

whatI’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.

—WernhervonBraunPractice:Findoutpredicativeclausesineachsentence.Whatsubordinatingconjunctions(從屬連詞)canleadapredicativeclause?1.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscienceis

whatmakesmeimmenselysatisfied.—BillGates2.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobe

whengeneticsandcomputerscometogether.—AlvinToffler3.Thedoctorhasbeentaughttobeinterestednotinhealthbutindisease.Whatthepublicistaughtis

thathealthisthecurefordisease.

—AshleyMontagu4.Researchis

whatI’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.

—WernhervonBraunPractice:Findoutpredicativeclausesineachsentence.Howaretheseconjunctionsusedinapredicativeclause?Tip1:Usagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctionsthatcanleadapredicativeclause引導(dǎo)詞用法連詞that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，無(wú)意義whether在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，意為“是否”連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)連接副詞how,when,where,why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)其它連詞because,asif,asthough在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，意為“因?yàn)椋孟?，似乎?.Onetheory

was

______badaircausedthedisease.2.Whatpeoplereallydoubt

is__________thedoctorwilldefeattheseriousillness.3.It

seemed_______theworldwerecomingtoanend.4.Thisappliedscience,whichsavesworkandmakeslifeeasier,bringsuslittlehappiness.That

is________wehavenotyetlearntomakesensibleuseofit.

that（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分）whether（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“是否”,表語(yǔ)從句中不能使用“if”）

asif（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“好像”）表語(yǔ)從句中SVO成分完整連詞：在從句中不充當(dāng)成分表語(yǔ)從句中SVO成分完整表語(yǔ)從句中SVO成分完整

because（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“因?yàn)椤保┍碚Z(yǔ)從句中SP成分完整Tip1:Usagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctionsthatcanleadapredicativeclause引導(dǎo)詞用法連詞that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，無(wú)意義whether在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，意為“是否”連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)連接副詞how,when,where,why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)其它連詞because,asif,asthough在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，意為“因?yàn)?，好像，似乎?.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscience

is

______

makesmeimmenselysatisfied.

6.Thatis_______manyexpertsareworryingabout.

7.TherearedozensofbooksaboutZoologyinlibrary.However,whatreallymakeshimconfused

is_______isthemostsuitableoneforhisresearchpaper.what（在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，意為“...的事情”）which（在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),意為“哪一（本）...”）連接代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)

what（在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，意為“...的事情”）表語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)8.Theproblem

is__________couldfindoutacureforthedisease.9.WhatIhavenotdecided

is________Iamgoingtovisit.10.Bothmyparentshavegivenmesomeadviceonhowtosavemoney.Butthequestion

is

______adviceIshouldtake.

whose（在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，意為“誰(shuí)的...”）連接代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)成分主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中缺少定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)whom（在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),意為“誰(shuí)”）表語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)who（在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),意為“誰(shuí)”）Tip1:Usagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctionsthatcanleadapredicativeclause引導(dǎo)詞用法連詞that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，無(wú)意義whether在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，意為“是否”連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)連接副詞how,when,where,why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)其它連詞because,asif,asthough在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，意為“因?yàn)?，好像，似乎?1.WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld

was

______choleracouldbeovercome.12.TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwere

_______allthosewhodiedhadlived.13.WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindout

was

________

morethan500peoplediedintendays.14.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobe

________

geneticsandcomputerscometogether.

how

where

when表語(yǔ)從句中SVA成分完整,缺少原因狀語(yǔ)：“為什么...”連接副詞：在從句中充當(dāng)方式、地點(diǎn)、原因、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中SV成分完整，缺少方式狀語(yǔ)：“如何”表語(yǔ)從句中SV成分完整,缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：“...的時(shí)候”why表語(yǔ)從句中SV成分完整，缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：“...的地方”Explore：Observeandthink1.Onetheory

was

thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another

was

that

cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.3.It

seemed

thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth

was

thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Whatmeaningsandfunctionsdothesepredicativeclausescommunicateineachsentence?Explore：Observeandthink1.Onetheory

was

thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another

was

that

cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.3.It

seemed

thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth

was

thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.PredicativeClausesareoftenused:1.todirectlyexplainoremphasizewhattheSubjectisingreaterdetail.2.functionasaComplement

(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))totheSubject.

Practice:Completethefollowingquestionsbyusingpredicativeclausesandfigureoutwhatmeaningsandfunctionstheycommunicate.

EXAMPLE

WhatwasitthatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld?

WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcholeracouldbeovercome.1.WhatwasSnow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondon?

Snow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsin

Londonwasthat_________________________.2.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854outbreakofcholerainLondon?

WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhy______________________________________________.3.WhatweretheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemap?

TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwerewhere__________________________.4.WhatwasthefindingthatSnowannounced?

Snow’sfindingwasthat__________________________________.Practice:Completethefollowingquestionsbyusingpredicativeclausesandfigureoutwhatmeaningsandfunctionstheycommunicate.

thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendaysthecholeraoutbreakhadcausedmorethan500peoplediedintendaysallthosewhodiedhadlivedthepumpwatercarriedcholeragermsApply：UsethetargetstructureincontextDavidistalkingtoMariaabouttheirscientificresearchproject.First,completeDavid’slines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox;A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas___________happenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemed___________allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas______wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly.Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding__________________theorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather________wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas___________wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhetherA:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas___________happenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemed___________allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas______wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding__________________theorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather________wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas___________wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhetherwhatasifthatwhetherwhich/whatwhat/whichhowwhyFirst,completeDavid’slines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox;ThenputDavid'slinesinthecorrectorder.A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly.Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:__________________Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:__________________Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:_________________Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:_________________Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:__________________ThenputDavid'slinesinthecorrectorder.A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:__________________Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:__________________Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:_________________Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:_________________Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:__________________A：“initialstage”(logicalconnector)C：“decidingwhattheorytodependupon”-“Decidingonatheory”(lexicalconnectors)B：“couldn'tpersuadeoneanother”-“this”(grammaticalconnector)E：“Atlast”-“intheend”(logicalconnectors)D：apossibleanswertotheWh-question(grammaticalconnector)Answerthecomprehensionquestionsbyusingpredicativeclauses.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitialstageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:ExactlyTheproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas

whywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!Q1:WhatwasDavid’sgroup’sresearch?Q2:Whatwastheproblem?Q3:Whatwasthekeyissue?Q4:Whatdidtheycareabout?A:David’sgroup’sresearchwas

that

theywantedtodevelopavaccineformalaria.A:Theproblemwas

thattheyhadtodecidewhich/whattheorytodependupon.A:Thekeyissuewas

whytheyhadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.A:Whattheycaredaboutwas

howtheycanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect.ArecapofpredicativeclausesForm:Subject+Linkingverbs+[subordinatingconjunction+otherelements]Functions:PredicativeClausesareoftenusedtodirectlyexplainoremphasizewhattheSubjectisingreaterdetailandfunctionasaComplement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))totheSubject.Usages:CompleteExercise2inAssessingYourProgressonP10.Assignment2.CompleteExercise2ofUsingStructuresin

WorkbookonP62.THANKYOU!高二—人教版—英語(yǔ)—選擇性必修二第一單元

Unit1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

Lesson3:DiscoverUsefulStructures&UsingStructures答疑1.Complete

Exercise2

inAssessingYourProgressonP10.Assignment2.CompleteExercise2ofUsingStructuresinWorkbookonP62.1.CompleteExercise2

inAssessingYourProgresson

P10.Science

issimply_________youcando.Anddoingsciencemakesyouascientist!So,whatdoscientistsdo?Actually,whatmatters

isnotonly_________theyobserveintheworldaroundthemandwhatquestionstheyask,butalso

_________

theyuseevidenceordatatoanswerthequestions.Theyidentifyusefuldataandtakenewmeasurements.

Someofthekeyissuesthatscientistsfaceare_________

calculationstheydoand_________

theyanalysetheirdatatodrawconclusionsaboutthequestionstheyask.

Thefinalissue,whichmanybelievetobethemostimportant,is_________theyneedtocommunicatetheirresults.This

is_________

theywanteveryonetobenefitfromtheirwork!It

seems_________

scienceisall

aroundus.Yousee,bydoingscience,scientists

getabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandsharethatunderstandingwiththewholeworld.whatwhathowwhathowthat/asifwhybecause1A:Papermaking,printing,gunpowder,andthecompassarethefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.TheyaresignificantcontributionsoftheChinesenationtotheworld.B:Sure,theyare.WhatIwanttoknowthough

is____________________________________________________________________2A:Th