Period2Welcometotheunit&Reading—LanguagepointsUnit1Natureinthebalance基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固核心考點突破高考熱點微練知識鞏固基礎(chǔ)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Mybedroomis4metersin

and3metersinwidth.2.Weallknowthatthesunhasanimpactonall

things.3.Withoutaproperwarm-up，exercisemaydomore

thangoodinstead.4.Thesetreeshavesurvivedfor

(百萬)ofyears.5.Agoodwaytoprotect

(物種)underthreatofextinctionistoletthemgobacktozoosandbreedthemthere.lengthlivingharmmillionsspecies6.Somehow，therewasa

(大量，一大群)ofpeoplearoundthesupermarketentrance.7.Thestormcausedsome

(損壞)tosomehouses，buttheywerenotdestroyed.8.Welikegoingfishingatthislakeonweekends，wheretherearemorethan20

(種類)offish.9.Maryenjoyedfeelingthewarmsand

(在……下面)herfeet.10.Hewassurprisedthatmanyspeciesofwildlifehad

fromourplanetforever.massdamagevarietiesbeneathdisappearedⅡ.詞形變化填空1.Todescribeitat

，you’dbetter

yourreportsothattheworkshop(研討會)willbealittle

.(length)2.His

seemedveryparticularandhis

fromtheparty

verystrange.(disappear)3.Stayingupconstantlycanbe

toyourhealth.Infactitdoesmore

thangood.(harm)4.Theoldmanwastheonly

who

thatterriblebattle.Hetoldareporterthathehadto

onlittlefoodleftduringthosedays.His

wasarealwonder.(survive)lengthlengthenlongerappearancedisappearanceappearedharmfulharmsurvivorsurvivedsurvivesurvival5.Franceistheworld’ssecondbiggestexporterof___________(agriculture)

products.6.Thereare

kindsofstorybooksinthestore，

fromChinesestoriestoEnglishstories.(variety)7.Shortlyaftersufferingfroma

(mass)earthquake，thecitytookonanewlook.8.Youaresupposedtotakesome

foodtoensureyouobtainenough

.(nutrient)agriculturalvariousvaryingmassivenutritiousnutrientsⅢ.完成句子1.

，thelittleboyhadtostayathomeallday.(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))由于有很多家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩只好一整天待在家里。2.

woundedpeasantboy.(全部倒裝)躺在地板上的是一個受傷的農(nóng)家男孩。LotsofhomeworktodoLyingonthefloorwasa3.Themuseumhousesawiderangeofantiques，__________________

datingbacktotheMingDynastyattractsmemost.(介詞＋which引導(dǎo)定語從句)這個博物館收藏了各種各樣的古董，其中一個明代的花瓶最吸引我。4.

，Icanseehisshortcomings.(while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)盡管我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點，但我也發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的不足。amongwhichavaseWhileIadmithisgoodpoints返回考點突破核心n.&vt.傷害，損害(harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.無害的；無惡意的)harm?

do/causeharmtosb/sth＝do/causesb/sthharm對……有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事并無害處。do(sb)moreharmthangood(對某人)弊大于利?

beharmfulto...對……有害1(1)Itisknowntousthatmanypoisonouschemicalsarereleasedintotheair，

(harm)ourlivingenvironment.(2)Thereisnoharm

givinggiftstochildren，buttheyshouldnotberewards.(3)Thedoctorsaysthatthismaterialis

(harm)tohumanbeingsandhasnoimpactonourhealth.(4)(2023·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremove________(harm)substancesfromsomesludge(污泥).harminginharmlessharmful(5)(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)不可否認(rèn)，過度使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在一定程度上損害了我們的身心健康。①ThereisnodenyingthatoverusingtheInternettosomeextent__________________________________.(harmvt.)②ThereisnodenyingthatoverusingtheInternettosomeextent_______________________________________________.(harmn.)③ThereisnodenyingthatoverusingtheInternettosomeextent___________________________________________.(harmful)harmsourphysicalandmentalhealthcausesharmtoourphysicalandmentalhealthdoes/isharmfultoourphysicalandmentalhealthn.不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，變體(variousadj.各種各樣的，各種不同的

varyv.改變；不同)variety2?

avarietyofvarietiesof種類繁多的；各種各樣的?

varyfrom...to...從……到……不等；在……到……之間變動varywith...隨著……而變化varyin...在……方面變化/有差異(1)(2022·全國甲)Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange，buttheyareimportantin

(vary)countries.(2)(2021·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)Whentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinent

ofNorthAmerica，theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishing_________(vary)ofwildlife.(3)Theresearchteamismadeupofpupilswhoseagesvary

10

15.(4)ThesceneryoftheThreeGorgesvaries

theseasons，andyoucanenjoydifferentpleasures.variousvarietyfromtowith(5)Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium.Ithasallkindsofwell-equippedfacilities.→Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium，___________________________________________________________.(定語從句；詞匯升級)whichhasvarious/varietiesof/avarietyofwell-equippedfacilitiessurvivesth幸免于……；從……活過來surviveon依靠……生活survivesbby...比某人多活……survivefrom...從……時留存/流傳下來vi.生存，存活

vt.幸存，幸免于難(survivaln.生存；幸存

survivorn.生還者，幸存者)3survive(1)Ifhecouldn’tfindhiswayoutoftheforest，therewouldbelittlechanceof

(survive).(2)MrWangwastheonly

inhisfamily，who

theearthquakein1976.(survive)survivalsurvivorsurvived(3)BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope，surviving

entirelydiscarded(丟棄的)food.(4)Althoughtheoldladysufferedfromaseriousillness，shestillsurvivedherhusband

5years.(5)Accordingtotheexpert，somestrangecustomshave___________________________.據(jù)專家說，有些奇怪的風(fēng)俗是從早年留存下來的。onbysurvivedfromearliertimes4?

do/causedamageto...對……造成損害?

damageone’shealth損害某人的健康vt.&n.損害，傷害；損壞，破壞damage(1)Ihaveaverystrongfearthattheliewe’retellingisdoingspiritualdamage

ourchildren.(2)(應(yīng)用文寫作之倡議書)We’dbettergetridofthebadhabitofsmoking，forsmokingcan

.我們最好改掉吸煙的壞習(xí)慣，因為吸煙會對我們的健康造成損害。todo/causedamagetoourhealth[辨析]

damage，destroy與ruindamage程度較小的“破壞，損壞”，強(qiáng)調(diào)價值、用途降低或外表損壞等，一般可修復(fù)destroy常指徹底的、不能或很難修復(fù)的“破壞，毀壞”；也可用于損壞抽象的東西，比如名譽、計劃、努力、契約等ruin表示“毀壞，毀滅”，指徹底的毀壞，原因通常是自然現(xiàn)象、年齡、疏忽等，多用于比喻。ruin還可用于美好經(jīng)歷或有用東西的損壞?

Theillnesshasruinedmylife.這個病毀掉了我的生活。?

Thebombcompletelydestroyedthatbuilding.炸彈徹底炸毀了那棟建筑。?

Youhavedamagedmybike;you’dbettergetitrepaired.你弄壞了我的

自行車，你最好找人修修。5byturns輪流地，交替地taketurnstodosth輪流做某事it’sone’sturntodosth輪到某人做某事itturns/turnedoutthat...結(jié)果是……相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而；輪流，依次inturn(1)用turn的相關(guān)短語填空(2020·天津)一些學(xué)生代表輪流在成人禮上發(fā)言。最后輪到我發(fā)言了。就我個人而言，過去是我們的父母和老師在很多方面幫助了我們，相應(yīng)地，從現(xiàn)在起我們應(yīng)該幫助他們。Somestudentrepresentatives

todeliverspeechesatthecoming-of-ageceremony.Finally，it

.Personally，inthepastitwasourparentsandteachersthathelpedusinmanyaspectsand

，weshouldgiveahelpinghandtothemfromnowon.tookturnswasmyturninturn(2)(2023·全國乙)Asit

，DouglasdidexactlywhatsheneededtodotobecomeOlympicchampionwhenshedefeatedtwoRussians.結(jié)果，道格拉斯擊敗了兩名俄羅斯選手，這正是她成為奧運會冠軍所需要做的。turnedout6beduetodosth預(yù)期做某事beduetosb應(yīng)支付/歸于某人bedueforsth預(yù)定做某事；應(yīng)得到某物由于，因為(dueadj.由于，因為；預(yù)定的；到期的；適當(dāng)?shù)?；?yīng)支付

n.應(yīng)有的權(quán)利)dueto(1)(2021·全國乙)Due

thegrowingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel，varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.(2)Theoldmansaidtheaccidentwasdue

carelessdriving，soalotofmoneywasdue

(pay)bythedriver.寫出下列句子中加顏色詞的詞性及漢語意思(3)Thebooksmustbereturnedbeforetheduedateorthekidcannotborrowotherbooks.

__________(4)Afterdueconsiderationitwasdecidedtosendhimawaytolivewithhisfosterparents.

_________tototobepaidadj.到期的adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?倍數(shù)表達(dá)法【教材原句】

Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres，theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.亞馬孫雨林的面積約為600萬平方千米，比中國國土面積的一半還要大。(P2)morethanhalfthesizeofChina是“倍數(shù)表達(dá)法”的一種表達(dá)形式。英語中常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式有：?

A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B?

A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞(比較級)＋than＋B?

A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞(原級)＋as＋B?

A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋what從句注意：表達(dá)“兩倍”時，用twice或double，三倍或以上時則用“基數(shù)詞＋times”來表達(dá)。表示倍數(shù)也可用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，half等其他程度狀語。(1)Myschoolhasexpandedintoabigone，whichistwiceasbig

theformerone.(2)Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes

(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.(3)Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisregionisfourtimes

itwastenyearsago.asfasterwhat(4)這部短片講述了我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在，我們的學(xué)校是十年前的三倍大。①Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschool

whatitwastenyearsago.(size)②Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschool

whatitwastenyearsago.(as)③Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschool

whatitwastenyearsago.(than)isthreetimesthesizeofisthreetimesaslargeasisthreetimeslargerthan8“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句【教材原句】

TheAmazonRiver，fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname，iscloseto6,400kilometresinlength—roughly100kilometreslongerthantheYangtzeRiver.亞馬孫雨林得名于亞馬孫河，亞馬孫河長約6400千米，比長江還長大約100千米。(P2)fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname是“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾TheAmazonRiver。?

“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制

性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom。修飾物時用which，修

飾人時用whom。?

介詞的確定根據(jù)以下方面來選擇：

①句意；

②定語從句中謂語動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配；

③表示所屬關(guān)系或者表示“整體中的一部分”都用of。(1)Iboughtagreatmanybooksaboutclimate，

whichIspentallmymoneythatIhadsaved.(2)Manyyoungpeople，mostof

arewell-educated，realizetheimportanceofthebiodiversityontheEarth.(3)(應(yīng)用文寫作之校園生活)IhaveactivelyattendedEnglishlectures，

BritishandAmericancultures.我積極參加了英語講座，從中我充分了解了英美文化。onwhomfromwhichIhaveagoodknowledgeof(4)(應(yīng)用文寫作之環(huán)?；顒?Theactivity，theaim______________________________

ofenvironmentalprotection，appealstoamassofvolunteers.這個旨在提高我們的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識的活動吸引了很多志愿者。ofwhichistoraiseourawareness9完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)【教材原句】

Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.往上是陰暗森林地表厚實的落葉層。(P3)Abovethatisthemassofleaflitter...是完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。正常語序為Themassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloorisabovethat.有時為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密，可用全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)成全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的條件：?

表示地點或方位的副詞here，there，up，down，out，in，away；表

示時間的副詞now，then;表語以及表示地點的介詞短語位于句首。?

謂語動詞通常是表示姿勢的不及物動詞(如crouch，hang，lie，sit，stand

等)和表示行動的不及物動詞(如come，die，go，run，live，rise等)。注意：句子的主語是名詞時主謂需要倒裝，如果句子的主語是代詞，則主謂不倒裝。(1)Assoonasthebellrang，out

(rush)thechildren.(2)(應(yīng)用文寫作之景點介紹)Tothewestofthecity

(stand)anoldlibraryinwhichmanyancientbooksarewellpreserved.(3)(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)

onhowtokeepabalancebetweenapart-timejobandstudy.以下是如何平衡兼職工作和學(xué)習(xí)的一些建議。(4)(應(yīng)用文寫作之校