浙江省舟山市2023年高三《英語(yǔ)》上學(xué)期期末試題與參考答案第一部分：聽(tīng)力第一節(jié)：聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutlosingthephone?A.Heisveryupset.B.Hedoesn’treallymind.C.Heisabitannoyed.【答案】B【原文】M:Iseemtohavelostmyphone.Whatnow?W:Iwillringyournumber.Maybesomeonewillreply.Wheredidyouloseit?M:Noidea.Thereisnorush.Iwasthinkingaboutchangingitanyway.2.Whichisthegirl’shorse?A.Theonewiththewhiteface.B.Theonebesidetheblackhorse.C.Theonewithtwoblacklegs.【答案】B【原文】M:Isthatyourhorseoverthere,withwhiteface?W:No.Mineistheonewithtwowhitelegs.Isn’tshepretty?M:Oh,yes,standingnexttotheblackhorse.W:That’sright.3.Whatwillthemandrink?A.Water. B.Tea. C.Coffee.【答案】A【原文】W:Oops.Itseemswe’verunoutofcoffeebeans.Icansendoutforsomebubblemilkteaifyoulike.M:It’sokay,Zoe.Waterisjustfine.W:Allright.4.Howmanybrothersdoesthemanhave?A.One. B.Two. C.Three.【答案】C【原文】M:Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?W:Ihaveonlyonebrother.Whataboutyou,Bruce?M:Icomefromabigfamily.Ihavethreebrothersandtwosisters.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theboyneedstohavearest.B.Theboyhastogooverlessonsatweekends.C.Theboyshouldhavepassedtheexamlasttime.【答案】B【原文】M:Mom,mustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?I’vestudiedforseveraldays.Ineedtorelax.W:Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdon’tpushyourluckthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.第二節(jié)：聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatisthemanprobablytryingtodo?A.Openanewbankaccount. B.Exchangesomemoney. C.Withdrawmoneyfromhisaccount.7.Whatistheman’smainproblem?A.Hedoesn’thaveanymoney. B.Heforgothisbankaccountnumber. C.Hisbankisn’tavailableinNewYork.【答案】6.B7.C【原文】W:Hi,howmayIhelpyou?M:I’vegothalfamillionJapaneseyen,andIneedtotradeitforUSdollars.Isthatpossibleatthisbranch?W:Thatwouldcomeouttoaround4,500dollars,whichnightbeoverourexchangelimit.What’syouraccountnumberorsocialsecurity?M:Oh,I’mnotcurrentlyanaccountholderatChaseBank.W:Wouldyouliketoopenone,sir?It’dbenecessaryforcarryingoutthisservice.M:MyJapanesehankdoesn’texistinNewYork.Sorry,I’monlyhereonholiday—settingupanaccountwon’tbenecessary.W:I’msorrywecouldn’tbeofmorehelp.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatkindofapartmentdoesthemanwanttorent?A.Anapartmentwithtwobedroomsandabathroom.B.Anapartmentwithasmallbedroomandabathroom.C.Anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.9.Howmuchdoesthemanwanttopayeachmonth?A.$240. B.$340. C.$480.10.Howfarawayistheapartmentfromtheuniversity?A.2miles. B.3miles. C.4miles.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【原文】W:Hi,whatcanIdoforyou?M:Yes,Iwanttorentauniversityapartment.W:Whatsortofapartmentareyoulookingfor?M:Uh,anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.W:Well,thatshouldn’tbeaproblem.Whatsortofpricewereyouthinkingof?M:Couldyougivemesomeidea?W:Certainly.Theyrangefrom$240to$480amonth.M:Oh,Isee.IfIpay$240amonth,whatkindofapartmentcanIhave?W:Youneedtosharewith2otherstudentsandtravel3milestotheuniversity.M:Threemilesonfoot?W:Youdon’thaveto.There’sasubwaystationjustinfrontoftheapartment.M:ThatsoundsOKtome.I’lltakethatone.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Whatdoweknowaboutthismannedflightmission?A.Itisthehardesttooperate. B.Ittravelsatthefastestspeed. C.Ithasthelongeststayingtime.12.WhatdoTaikonautsdotopassthetime?A.Playtennis. B.Playinstruments. C.Playcards.13.Whatdoesthewoman’sfinalwordsmean?A.Womenareasexcellentasmen.B.Womenundertakemorethanmendo.C.Womenarelesssuitableinthismission.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【原文】W:Hey,areyouwatchingavideooftheChinesespacestation?Shenzhou-12,right?M:Close.Shenzhou-13.W:It’shardtokeepupwithChinaspeed!Sohowlongaretheyinorbitthistime?M:Sixmonths,thelongeststayofanysinglemannedfightmissioninChina’shistory.W:Sodoyouwatchthemconductexperimentsorspacewalksorwhat?M:Prettymuch.Theyevengivelessonsinthespacestation!W:IwonderwhattheTaikonautsdotopassthetimeupthere?M:Theygoforjogs,playmusicalinstruments,andevenplayping-pong.W:Zero-gravityping-pong!Igottatrythat!Who’sthatladyfloatingby?M:That’sWangYaping.She’sbecomesomewhatofacelebritydownhereonearth.W:Well,womenholduphalfthesky,soit’sonlyfittingthattheyshouldworkinittoo.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Whatistheman?A.Ateacher. B.Adoctor. C.Ahost.15.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Howtosavemoney. B.Howtospendmoney. C.Howtobeagoodhousewife.16.Wheredoesthewomanlikeshopping?A.Insupermarkets. B.Inoutdoormarkets. C.Indepartmentstores.17.Whatdoesthewomanhighlyrecommend?A.Fixingthingsbyourselves. B.Hiringsomeonetorepairthings. C.Askingfriendstohelpwiththerepairs.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.A【原文】M:Goodevening,everybody.Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutsavingmoney.Manyofushavetosavemoney,butdifferentpeoplesavemoneyindifferentways.NowwearegoingtotalktoKathytoseewhatshedoes.Hi,Kathy,doyoutrytosavemoney?W:Sure.I’mahousewife,soIhavetosavemoneyasmuchaspossible.M:Andhowdoyousave?Canyoutellussomethingaboutit?W:Well,Itrynottoshopindepartmentstoresorsupermarketsexceptwhenthingsareonsale.Ineverpayfullprice.Ireallylikeshoppinginoutdoormarkets,andIcanusuallyfindsomerealbargainsthere.M:Great!That’sagoodidea.W:AndalsomyhusbandandIdon’townacar.Ifweneedoneforaweekend,wejustrentone.Wecan’treallyaffordtobuyausedone.M:Isee.W:Andthebestwaytosavemoneyisnottopaypeopletofixthingsforyou.M:Sorry,Ican’tunderstandthat.Whatdoyoumean,Kathy?W:Wellmyhusbandoftentriestorepairthingsaroundthehouse.Wecansavealotofmoneythatway.M:Well,thankyouverymuch,Kathy.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。18.Whereistheman?A.Athome. B.Intheoffice. C.Atatravelagency.19.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Goonbusiness. B.Gotothetheater. C.Meethisfriends.20.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheconversation?A.Themanwillfetchthesuitcasehimself.B.Themanwantsthewomantobringthesuitcaseforhim.C.Themanwillhavehisfriendfetchthesuitcaseforhim.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【原文】M:Hello,darling.I’vejustheardIhavetogotoItalyforacoupleofdays.I’mflyingthisevening.W:Oh,David.Doyoureallyhavetogo?YouknowtheJohnson’sarecomingaroundtoseeustonight.M:Yes,Iknow.ButIcan’thelpit.They’llhavetocomesomeothertime.W:Thenwewon’tbeabletogotothetheatertomorrow.M:No,I’mafraidwe’llhavetochangeallourplans.W:Allright,David.Whenexactlyareyouleaving,then?M:I’mtakingthe7o’clockplanetoRome.W:Areyoucominghomebeforeyougototheairport?M:I’mafraidIcan’t.I’mstillhavingatalkwithmybosshere.W:Whataboutyoursuitcase?M:I’mafraidyou’llhavetopackitforme.W:Andwho’sfetchingitforyou?M:You’llbringit,darling.W:Whyme?第二部分：閱讀第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAnumberofeventsaregoingonattheCooperageProject,locatedat1030MainStreetinHonesdale.Enjoy!TheCooperageMakerFairTheCooperageMakerFairwillbeheldfrom10:00amto4:00pmonFriday,June12onthegroundsoftheCityMuseum.TheMakerFairisaplacewherepeopleshowwhattheyaremaking—ashowcaseforinventionandcreativity,andsharewhattheyarelearning.Anyoneinterestedinpresentingtheirprojects,hobbiesandexperimentsshouldapplytotakepartat.SuchSweetThunderAt7:00pmonWednesday,June17,therewillbeafilmscreeningofcomedyTwelfthNightaspartoftheSuchSweetThunder:Shakespeare’sPlaysonFilmSeries.Dr.RobertDuganwillintroducetheplaywithabriefbackground.Admissionisfree,butduetolimitedseating,bookingisrequiredat.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritOnThursday,June24,therewillbeaneventcalledSoundsLikeTeenSpiritfrom3:00pmto5:00pm.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritisdesignedtoprovideanopportunitytoshowcasethetalentofourcommunity’syouth.School—agedstudentsareencouragedtosharetheirperformingartonstageattheCooperageProject!GreatBrazilianMusicTourOnSaturday,June27,afantasticopportunityisreadyforyoutolistentosomegreatBrazilianmusicbythemusicalgroupMinas.Itisfrom2:30pmto4:30pm,anddoorsopenat2:00pm.Weencouragechildrenandtheirfamiliestocometolearnallabouttherhythm,excitementandsoundofBrazilianmusic.Thetwo—hourperformanceissuretobefunforthewholefamily.Theadmissionchargeis$5foreachperson,andallthemoneywillgotothelocalfoodbank.Youcanalsogiveawayoldclothesandmoneyattheentrance.21.Whendoestheeventtakeplacewherestudentscanputontheirownperformances?A.OnJune12. B.OnJune17. C.OnJune24. D.OnJune27.22.Whicheventrequirespeopletomakeareservation?A.SuchSweetThunder. B.SoundsLikeTeenSpirit.C.TheCooperageMakerFair. D.GreatBrazilianMusicTour.23.WhatcanyoudoatGreatBrazilianMusicTour?A.Showyourgiftforinvention. B.Makeadonation.C.PerformwithMinasonstage. D.Learntomakemusic.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了位于HonesdaleMainStreet1030號(hào)的Cooperage項(xiàng)目正在進(jìn)行一系列活動(dòng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SoundsLikeTeenSpirit中“OnThursday,June24,therewillbeaneventcalledSoundsLikeTeenSpiritfrom3:00pmto5:00pm.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritisdesignedtoprovideanopportunitytoshowcasethetalentofourcommunity’syouth.School—agedstudentsareencouragedtosharetheirperformingartonstageattheCooperageProject!”（6月24日星期四下午3點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)，將有一個(gè)名為“SoundsLikeTeenSpirit”的活動(dòng)?！禨oundsLikeTeenSpirit》旨在為我們社區(qū)的年輕人提供一個(gè)展示才華的機(jī)會(huì)。鼓勵(lì)學(xué)齡學(xué)生在“合作計(jì)劃”的舞臺(tái)上分享他們的表演藝術(shù)?。┛芍?月24日舉辦的活動(dòng)，學(xué)生們可以進(jìn)行自己的表演。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SuchSweetThunder中“Admissionisfree,butduetolimitedseating,bookingisrequiredat.”（門票是免費(fèi)的，但由于座位有限，需要在預(yù)訂。）可知，SuchSweetThunder這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)需要預(yù)約。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatBrazilianMusicTour中“Theadmissionchargeis$5foreachperson,andallthemoneywillgotothelocalfoodbank.Youcanalsogiveawayoldclothesandmoneyattheentrance.”（入場(chǎng)費(fèi)是每人5美元，所有的錢都將捐給當(dāng)?shù)氐氖称枫y行。你也可以在入口處贈(zèng)送舊衣服和錢。）可知，在GreatBrazilianMusicTour活動(dòng)中，你可以進(jìn)行捐贈(zèng)。故選B項(xiàng)。B43-year-oldJohnChadwickstartedlive-streaming(直播)lifeofthebirdswiththeirchicks.ButjustweeksafteruploadingthevideostoYouTube,hegainedmillionsofviewsfromaroundtheworld.Johnsaid,“Tothinkthattensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenwatchingthebirdsfromaroundtheworldisjustincredibleandquiteoverwhelming.”Thesoundengineerboughtthebirdboxbyaccident.HeplaceditonawillowtreeinhisbackgardeninMarch,andwithinhourstwobluetits(藍(lán)冠山雀)movedinandtheyhadfivechicks.Atfirst,heonlywantedtoshowhisfamilywhatthebirdswereupto.Johnsaid,“Withinadaythebirdsmovedin,andIwantedtoknowwhatwasgoingoninside.Istartedtolivestreamanddovideohighlightseveryday-onthefirstday100peoplewatchedit.Itshowedthingslikethechicksbeingfedinthenestsastheparentscarriedincaterpillars(毛毛蟲(chóng)).Afterthreemonths,Ihad2,000subscribers.”Johndecidedtoputafinalvideotogetherandkeepitasshortaspossible-showingthebirdsgoingintothenests,theeggshatching,andthechicksfledging(長(zhǎng)羽毛).Nowdespitethehugeglobalsuccessofthevideos,Johnisunlikelytomakeenoughforanesteggofhisown.Hestillneedstostruggleforhisfamily.ButsomepeoplesaytheyfinditquiterelaxingandgenuinelyfascinatedbyJohn’svideos.Hesaid,“Mypersonalchallengetomyselfwastogetoutofmycomfortablezone.AndIenjoyexploringnewareas.ButIkeepinmindthatIneedtocareformyfamily.”24.WhydidJohnlivestreambirds’lifeatfirst?A.Tokilltimeathome.B.Toknowmoreaboutthebirds.C.Togethimclosertohisfamily.D.Tocallonpeopletoshelterbluetits.25.WhattroubleisJohnfacedwithnow?A.Hisfinancialproblem.B.Littlebluetits’settlements.C.Improvementofhisfinalvideo.D.Challengesfromonlineviewers.26.WhichwordscanbestdescribeJohn?A.Intelligentandhardworking.B.Helpfulandwise.C.Knowledgeableandgenerous.D.Adventurousandresponsible.27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ABirdLover’sVideoofBlueTitsAttractsMillionsofFansB.AVideoRaisesPeople’sAwarenessofProtectingBirdsC.TechnologyCanGreatlyAffecttheSurvivalofWildlifeD.ABirdLoverMakesEffortstoProtectRareBlueTits【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了John直播鳥(niǎo)兒幼崽生活的視頻在YouTube迅速走紅，同時(shí)他自己也面臨著資金不足的問(wèn)題，但他把這看作是對(duì)自己的挑戰(zhàn)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Withinadaythebirdsmovedin,andIwantedtoknowwhatwasgoingoninside.Istartedtolivestreamanddovideohighlightseveryday-onthefirstday100peoplewatchedit.Itshowedthingslikethechicksbeingfedinthenestsastheparentscarriedincaterpillars(毛毛蟲(chóng)).(不到一天，鳥(niǎo)兒就搬進(jìn)來(lái)了，我想知道里面發(fā)生了什么。我開(kāi)始每天直播并做視頻集錦——第一天就有100人觀看。它展示了一些東西，比如雛鳥(niǎo)在巢中被喂食，而父母則帶著毛毛蟲(chóng))”可知，John一開(kāi)始直播是為了能更多地了解這些鳥(niǎo)。故選B。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Nowdespitethehugeglobalsuccessofthevideos,Johnisunlikelytomakeenoughforanesteggofhisown.Hestillneedstostruggleforhisfamily.(現(xiàn)在，盡管這些視頻在全球取得了巨大的成功，但約翰不太可能賺到足夠的錢來(lái)養(yǎng)活自己。他仍然需要為他的家庭而奮斗)”可知，John現(xiàn)在面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。故選A。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hesaid,“Mypersonalchallengetomyselfwastogetoutofmycomfortablezone.AndIenjoyexploringnewareas.ButIkeepinmindthatIneedtocareformyfamily.”(他說(shuō):“我對(duì)自己的個(gè)人挑戰(zhàn)是走出我的舒適區(qū)。我喜歡探索新的領(lǐng)域。但我始終牢記，我需要照顧我的家人。”)”推知，John是一個(gè)喜歡冒險(xiǎn)并有責(zé)任心的人。故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段“43-year-oldJohnChadwickstartedlive-streaming(直播)lifeofthebirdswiththeirchicks.ButjustweeksafteruploadingthevideostoYouTube,hegainedmillionsofviewsfromaroundtheworld.(43歲的JohnChadwick開(kāi)始直播這些鳥(niǎo)和它們的幼崽的生活。但就在將視頻上傳到Y(jié)ouTube的幾周后，他在世界各地獲得了數(shù)百萬(wàn)的觀看量)”可知，文章主要講述了John直播鳥(niǎo)兒幼崽生活的視頻在YouTube迅速走紅，同時(shí)他自己也面臨著資金不足的問(wèn)題，但他把這看作是對(duì)自己的挑戰(zhàn)。A項(xiàng)“一位愛(ài)鳥(niǎo)人士的藍(lán)雀視頻吸引了數(shù)百萬(wàn)粉絲”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。CPieterBruegel’s1565realisticpaintingTheHarvestershangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.“Theworkdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,”GhentUniversitybiologistIveDeSmetsays.“Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceofselectivebreeding(培育)fromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.”DeSmetsayshe’steamingupwitharthistorianDavidVergauwenofAmaranttolookatthingswheretheycanspotdifferencesinshape,incolor,andinsize.Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.Friendssincechildhood,theytookinterestinplantsinartworkandbeganwithavisittotheHermitageMuseuminRussia—wheretheynoticedanodd-lookingwatermeloninanearly-17th-centurypaintingbyFlemishartistFransSnyders.“Soifyouthinkofawatermelon,youcutitthrough,itshouldbedarkredontheinside.Butthatoneappearedtobepaleandwhite.”DeSmetassumedthepainterhaddoneapoorjob.ButVergauwensaid,“Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that’sthewayitmusthavebeen.”O(jiān)therpaintingsshowedthatbothredandwhitewatermelonswereraisedduringthe17thcentury.Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag(主題標(biāo)簽)forit.Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworkanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.But,theyadd,thesourcesneedtoberealistic.“Ifyou’regoingtouse,forexample,Picassotounderstandhowapearlooked,youmightbemisled.”28.WhatcanwelearnfromDeSmet’swordsinparagraph1?A.Humanshavemainlyfedonwheatsince1565.B.Wheathasgonethroughgreatchangesinheight.C.ThesceneinTheHarvestersmaybeunbelievable.DSelectivebreedingaffectsagriculturalstructure.29.WhatisVergauwen’sattitudetothewatermelonpaintedbyFransSnyders?A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving. C.Favorable. D.Curious.30.Whyisthesocialmediahashtagcreated?A.Toencouragepeopletofocusonart.B.Tocollectmorepaintingsfortheirdatabase.C.Toadvertisetheirresearchdatabase.D.Tosharesomehistoricalplantartwork.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Ancientpaintingsfocusedonfoodcrops.B.Twomencreateadatabaseofplantartwork.C.Plantstodayaredifferentfromtheirancestors.D.Oldartrevealsagriculturalinformation.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以在大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館展出的一幅1565年的繪畫作品“TheHarvesters”為例，結(jié)合其它藝術(shù)作品，說(shuō)明了可以通過(guò)過(guò)去的藝術(shù)作品了解當(dāng)時(shí)的農(nóng)業(yè)情況?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theworkdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,(這幅作品描述的是農(nóng)民割幾乎和他們一樣高的麥子)”和“Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceofselectivebreedingfromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.(如今，如果你走過(guò)一塊麥田，你基本上會(huì)看到小麥大約有膝蓋那么高，這是20世紀(jì)下半葉選擇性育種的結(jié)果)”可知，小麥的高度由一人高變成齊膝高，在高度上經(jīng)歷了很大的變化。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ButVergauwensaid,“Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that’sthewayitmusthavebeen.”(但Vergauwen說(shuō)：“這是那個(gè)時(shí)代最好的畫家之一。所以如果他把它畫成那樣，那就一定是那樣的。”)”可知，Vergauwen認(rèn)為FransSnyders畫的西瓜是真實(shí)的，表示支持。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag(主題標(biāo)簽)forit.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望建立一個(gè)歷史植物藝術(shù)品的在線研究數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，他們?yōu)榇藙?chuàng)建了一個(gè)社交媒體標(biāo)簽)”和“Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworkanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.(任何人在參觀博物館或展覽時(shí)都可以通過(guò)這個(gè)標(biāo)簽發(fā)送相關(guān)藝術(shù)作品的圖片和植物的細(xì)節(jié))”可知，社交媒體標(biāo)簽被創(chuàng)建是為了收集更多的與植物有關(guān)的繪畫作品，建立一個(gè)在線數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，提供研究資源。故選B。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.(小麥只是歷史藝術(shù)作品如何幫助追蹤糧食作物隨時(shí)間而變化的一個(gè)例子)”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文通過(guò)在大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館展出的一幅1565年的繪畫作品“TheHarvesters”，看到了小麥的變化，反映了當(dāng)時(shí)的農(nóng)業(yè)情況；并結(jié)合其它藝術(shù)作品，說(shuō)明過(guò)去的藝術(shù)作品可以展現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)的農(nóng)業(yè)情況。故選D。DIfyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Nowresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstandinghowmammals’brainencodessocialrankandusesthisinformationtoshapebehaviors—suchaswhethertofightforthelastpizzaslice.Theydiscoveredthatanareaofthebraincalledthemedialprefrontalcortex(mPFC)wasresponsibleforrepresentingsocialrankinmammals;changestoamouse’smPFCaffecteditsdominancebehavior.ButitwasunknownhowthemPFCrepresentedthisinformationandwhichneurons(神經(jīng)元)wereinvolvedinchangingdominancebehaviour.Inthenewstudy,ProfessorKayTyeletgroupsoffourmiceshareacage.Somemicebecamemoredominantandothersmoresubordinate.Assoonasthemicewerepairedup,hediscovered,theactivityoftheirmPFCneuronscouldpredict—with90percentcertainty—therankoftheiropponent.“Weexpectedanimalsmightonlysignalrankwhentheyareinacompetition,”saysco-researcherNancy.“Butitturnsoutanimalswalkaroundwiththisrepresentationofsocialrankallthetime.”WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,andtheyalsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedinawinningmindset.Justasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamorewinningmindsetthanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning.TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankandwinningmindsetarenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedinwinningmindset.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceandwinningmindsetmaypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.“Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.32.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation. B.Tostatetheimportanceofsocialrank.C.Togivereadersanexampleofsocialrank. D.Tointroducethetopicofthereadingpassage.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph5referto?A.ThemPFCneurons. B.Theresearchers.C.Thebrainactivitypatterns. D.Thechangesinbehaviour.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Brainactivitiescaninfluencesocialrank.B.Dominantopponentsboostwinningmindset.C.Socialrankandwinningmindsetaffectbehaviour.D.Animalsonlyexhibittheirrankincompetition.35.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Winningmindsetestablishesdominance.B.Socialrankguidescompetitivebehaviour.C.Asubordinatemousecanneverbeenawinner.D.Awarenessofdifferentpeoplearoundyoumakeyourbrainusedifferentneurons.【答案】32.D33.C34.C35.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了研究人員對(duì)大腦中一個(gè)叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域如何參與改變支配行為的研究，得出結(jié)論：處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人更容易成為具有統(tǒng)治力的人，意識(shí)到周圍不同的人會(huì)讓你的大腦使用不同的神經(jīng)元。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Butifyou’rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.”(如果你在派對(duì)上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時(shí)看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動(dòng)可能取決于你的感覺(jué)以及那只手屬于誰(shuí)。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披薩。如果是你的老板——你可能會(huì)放棄。但是如果你餓了并且感覺(jué)特別自信，你可能會(huì)去拿披薩。)結(jié)合之后文章提出大腦中一個(gè)叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)代表哺乳動(dòng)物的社會(huì)地位，可知作者寫第一段是為了引出一個(gè)主要話題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段“WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,and

they

alsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.”(當(dāng)研究人員再次詢問(wèn)mPFC神經(jīng)元的活動(dòng)是否與行為有關(guān)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚訝的事情。大腦活動(dòng)模式與行為的輕微變化有關(guān)，例如老鼠移動(dòng)的速度，它們還可以在比賽開(kāi)始前整整30秒預(yù)測(cè)哪只老鼠會(huì)贏得食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。)可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦活動(dòng)模式與行為密切相關(guān)，劃線部分的“they”指的是大腦活動(dòng)模式。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand“winningmindset”arenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedin“winningmindset”.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceand“winningmindset”maypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.”(mPFC中與社會(huì)地位和“獲勝心態(tài)”相關(guān)的區(qū)域彼此相鄰，高度相關(guān)。社會(huì)等級(jí)的信號(hào)會(huì)影響“獲勝心態(tài)”的大腦狀態(tài)。換句話說(shuō)，當(dāng)面對(duì)占優(yōu)勢(shì)的老鼠時(shí)，從屬老鼠的信心和“獲勝心態(tài)”可能會(huì)部分下降。)可知社會(huì)地位和獲勝心態(tài)可能會(huì)影響心態(tài)，從而影響行為。故選C項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.”(如果你在派對(duì)上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時(shí)看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動(dòng)可能取決于你的感覺(jué)以及那只手屬于誰(shuí)。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披薩。如果是你的老板——你可能會(huì)放棄。)；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段““Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.”(Tye說(shuō)，這是進(jìn)一步的證據(jù)表明，當(dāng)我們和別人在一起時(shí)，與我們獨(dú)自一人時(shí)相比，我們的大腦狀態(tài)是不同的。)可知，我們大腦的神經(jīng)元會(huì)隨著周圍不同的人而發(fā)生改變。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)：下面文章有五處需要添加小標(biāo)題。請(qǐng)從以下選項(xiàng)中選出符合各段意思的小標(biāo)題。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。Climatechangehasincreasedaveragetemperaturesby1℃overthepastcentury,makingheatwavesmorefrequentandintensethanthosefromanyotherpointinrecordedhistory.____36____AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2018.Thefollowingiswhathappensifyou’rethenexttobekilled.First,yourbrainsendsaseriesofmessagestoyoursweatglandstellingthemtoincreasesweatproduction.Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.____37____Ifheatstrokeoccurs,yourbodymightgethotanddirectsomuchoxygen-richbloodtotheskinthatitsuffocates(把…悶死)vitalinternalorgans.Ifyourbodyfailstocoolyoudown,itsinternaltemperaturemightstarttoclimbfromanormalleveltoabout104degrees.____38____Youmayfeelitstartasadullheadache.Beforelong,youmightloseconsciousness.Yourbrainmightbegintoswell.Whileyoustruggletostayawakeandavoiddizzyingconfusion,theexcessiveinternalheatisdamagingyourgut,consequentlycausinganinflammatory(發(fā)炎的)response.____39____That’sjustpartofwhatweknowabouthowextremeheatkillsyou.____40____Alotofwhatweknowcomesfromstudiesonanimalmodels,likemiceandrats,orfromexaminationsofpeopledyingofheatstroke.A.Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.B.That’sbecausewecan’tstudyitinhumansinthelaboratory.C.Astemperaturestickeverhigher,thatfiguremaywellrise.D.Atthattemperature,yourbrainbecomesaffected.E.Survivingtheorganfailuremightrequireanemergencytransplant.F.Sometimesthataloneisenoughtocreateproblemsforaweakoragingheart.G.Leftuntreated,whatfollowsisafloodoforganfailurethatleadstoyourdeath.【答案】36.A37.F38.D39.G40.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章解釋了極端高溫導(dǎo)致人類生病或死亡的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2018.(發(fā)表在《自然氣候變化》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，1991年至2018年期間，37%的熱相關(guān)死亡是由全球變暖造成的。)”可是，前文應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是熱浪造成死亡即二者之間的正關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.(隨著氣溫迅速上升死亡人數(shù)也隨之上升)”符合語(yǔ)境，引起下文。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.(然后你的心跳開(kāi)始加快，將血液泵入皮膚，而血液則從肝臟、腎臟和腸道等重要器官流向別處。)”可知，此處從熱浪對(duì)身體各個(gè)器官產(chǎn)生影響的機(jī)理入手，對(duì)熱浪造成死亡的原因進(jìn)行分析，由此后文應(yīng)該闡述的該消極影響所產(chǎn)生的后果。F選項(xiàng)“Sometimesthataloneisenoughtocreateproblemsforaweakoragingheart.(有時(shí)，這本身就足以給虛弱或衰老的心臟帶來(lái)問(wèn)題。)”中的that指代的是前文中“First,yourbrainsendsaserie