第一部分：frequency.ntherateatwhichsthhappensorisrepeated頻率e.g."Thefrequencyofsamegendersexualassaultshascontinuedtodramaticallyincreaseinrecentyears,"hesaid.frequent.adj.頻繁的frequently.adv.頻繁地e.g.Oneofhisworkmenobservedhisfrequentvisitstothespotanddecidedtowatchhismovements.e.g.Oneofhisworkmenobservedthathevisitsthespotfrequentlyanddecidedtowatchhismovements.condition:thestateofsb’shealthorhowfittheyare健康狀況shape.n.thephysicalconditionofsb/sth身體狀況n.theformoftheouteredgesorsurfacesofsth外形ingoodshape/inbadshape身體狀況良好/身體狀況欠佳prefer.vt.更喜歡a.直接表達(dá)喜好，傾向性prefertodosth.更喜歡做某事。Jimprefer________(go)tothepark.吉姆更喜歡去公園。b.兩件事作比較時：?preferAtoBMyfatherpreferteatocoffee.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.?Maryprefersplayingbasketballtoplayingtennis.prefertodosth.raherthandosth.MymotherprefertogoforawalkratherthanwatchTV.underdog.n.anathletewhoseemstohavelittlechancetowin處于劣勢中的人topdog很厲害的人luckydog幸運兒toraincatsanddogs瓢潑大雨toleadadog’slife過著窮困潦倒的生活Everydoghasitsdays.凡人皆有得意時Loveme,lovemydog.愛屋及烏trackn.足跡，軌跡,被踩出/軋出的痕跡;專輯中的歌曲；跑道followsb’strack跟著某人的足跡走atrackfromtheirlatestalbum他們最新唱片專輯里的一首歌曲trackandfieldevents田徑運動keeptrackof:了解…的動態(tài)，與…保持聯(lián)系losetrackof:與…失去聯(lián)系Vt.跟蹤；追蹤Zactrackeddownthemedal’srightfulowners,andreturnedthem.packn.(一)包，捆；商品的紙盒afoodpack食品包裝Apackofwolves一群狼vt.&vi.(把…)打包,塞滿packup收拾行李，把…打包Don’tforgettopack（up）yourtoothbrush!別忘記打包你的牙刷！Weallpackedintoonecar.我們都塞進(jìn)了一輛車。payoffvt.付清（債務(wù)等）Wehavepaidoffthedebtsalready.我們已經(jīng)還清債務(wù)了。vi.取得成功Hefinallysucceededandallhishardworkpaidoff.他終于成功了，辛苦努力終于有所回報。defeatvt.擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝；使（計劃，希望）落空defeatanenemy打敗一個敵人Don’tletyourarmsrelaxasthatwoulddefeatthepurposeoftheexercise.不要放松手臂，因為那樣達(dá)不到鍛煉的目的。n.戰(zhàn)敗，失敗sufferadefeat敗北panyn.【正式】（在一起的）一群人，陪伴inpanywith與……一起keeppanywith和……經(jīng)常交往keepsb.pany陪伴某人Ifeltnervousinthepanyofsuchanimportantman.陪同這樣一位重要的人，我感到很緊張。Amanisknownbythepanyhekeeps,什么人交什么朋友。/觀其友，知其人。n.公司，商號setup/startapany開辦公司inspirationn.靈感（不可數(shù)）；給予他人靈感的人/物（可數(shù)）Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninetyninepercentperspiration.天才就是1%的靈感加上99%的汗水。inspire.vt.啟發(fā)，激勵inspiresb.todosth激勵某人做某事Hismotherinspiredhimtowriteanovel.他媽媽鼓勵他寫一部小說。desiren.渴望，欲望Paulhadastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.保羅有個強(qiáng)烈的心愿，那就是為隊伍而戰(zhàn)。vt.渴望，期望desiretodosth.渴望做某事Hedesiredtowinthegame.他渴望贏得比賽。gathervi.&vt使人或分散的東西“集中”Theteamgatheredaround,lookingworried.球隊為在我身邊，看上去十分擔(dān)心。vt.搜集，采集，收莊稼Theharvestfestivaltakesplaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.豐收節(jié)在莊稼全部收割完畢后舉行。crowd.n.人群，一大群，很多。acrowdof/crowdsofThecrowderuptedintolaughter.人群中爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。Therearecrowdsofpeopleinthemarket.集市上有很多人。vt.擠滿，塞滿Onlookerscrowdsthestreet.圍觀者擠滿了整條街。vi.擁擠，聚集Pupilscrowdedroundtheirteachertoaskquestions.小學(xué)生們圍著老師問問題。crowded.Adj.擁擠的becrowdedwithpossession.n.擁有，占有（不可數(shù)）所有物，財產(chǎn)（可數(shù)）；inpossessionof占有，持有，F(xiàn)oreignvisitorsarerequiredtobeinpossessionofapassport.外國游客必須持有護(hù)照。inthepossessionof被……占有，為……所有ThepictureisinthepossessionofTom.那幅畫歸湯姆所有。takepossessionof占領(lǐng)，Wecantakepossessionofthehouseafterwebuyit.我們買房之后才能擁有它。prohibit禁止，=ban=forbidprohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事Youcannotprohibithimfromwritingalettertohisfriend.你不能禁止他寫信給朋友。prohibition.n.禁止第二部分1定語從句（attributiveclause）a.在復(fù)合句中作定語的句子叫做定語從句（attributiveclause）。引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,which,that,whose等，關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等。定語從句一般放在它所修飾的名詞、代詞等之后，這個名詞或者代詞被稱為先行詞。定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。

例1：Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential.例2：ThegirlwhomIsawiscalledMary.例3：Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.b.關(guān)系代詞用法關(guān)系代詞指代在從句中的作用that人、物主語、賓語which物主語、賓語who人主語、賓語whom人賓語whose(=of

which/whom)人、物定語c.怎么選擇選擇關(guān)系代詞？d.記憶口訣：關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞傻分不清楚？口訣來幫你！關(guān)系代詞有6個，聽我逐一來說破;?which表物人用who,人物都有that顧;?which用在逗號后,意表前句你要know;?who做主語很稱職，whom用到賓語里;?that用法真有趣，兩個地方它不去;?逗號后邊它不去，介詞之后不考慮;定從之中少定語,，whose為你唱一曲;?whose指人又指物，所屬關(guān)系要記住。?關(guān)系副詞when(where(why,從中做狀不懈怠?時間用when原因why,，地點where經(jīng)常在;?關(guān)系副詞可替換，介詞加上關(guān)系代;?關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代，that與who要除外;?關(guān)系副，關(guān)系副，定缺主賓它不住;?它不住，它不住，關(guān)系代詞來玩酷;練習(xí)Ilivenexttoacouple________________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.Thisisthebestnovel___________Ihaveeverread.不定代詞（IndefinitePronoun）a.英語中不明確指代某個(些)人、某個(些)事物的代詞被稱為不定代詞。由some,any,no,every加上one,body,thing組成的代詞叫復(fù)合不定代詞。例1：Asthetwodictionariesareuseful,I’lltakebothandeitherofthemisveryimportanttous.由于這兩本詞典都很有用，所以我都要，而且這兩本詞典對我們都很重要。例2：Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.世上無難事，只怕有心人。b.復(fù)合不定代詞的分類somesomething,somebody,someoneanyanything,anybody,anyonenonothing,nobody,nooneeveryeverything,everybody,everyonec.復(fù)合不定代詞的用法◆some類的復(fù)合不定代詞一般用于肯定句中，用在一般疑問句中時表示想得到對方的肯定回答。肯定句：Thereissomethingunderthetable.肯定回答疑問句：Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?◆any類的復(fù)合不定代詞一般用于否定句或疑問句中，表示“某事；某物；某人”；也可用于肯定句或條件從句中，表示“任何東西；任何人”。否定句：Ididn’tseeanythingintheroom.疑問句：DoyouknowanythingaboutEnglishlearning?肯定句：Anychildcanmakeit.（any只能表示任何）條件從句：IfanyoneseesLisa,askhertocallme.◆no類的復(fù)合不定代詞表示否定的意義，多用于肯定句。Thereisnothingtodoinourvillage.Igotthisbikefornothing.Myfriendgaveittomewhenheboughtanewone.d.復(fù)合不定代詞的注意事項（1）復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式