P33-342.havebeendonehasbeenusedhavebeenfinished3)havebeenpunished5.1)Hehasbeengiventhebook.2)Abookhasbeengiventohim.

6.1)Hehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.2)Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard.7.1)Thebookhasbeenreferredtobyhim.2)Awayofdingithasbeenthoughtof.8.1)TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.2)Theaccident(whichhappenedyesterday)surprisedallofus.2)forto(3)

with

with(4)Itishopedthat

ThenumberoftheMiludeerishopedtoincreasesoon.課時(shí)訓(xùn)練8havebeenenrichedhasbeenrepairedhasbeenfinishedhavebeensentuphavebeenmadehavebeenwarnedhasbeentriedhasbeenputoffII.havebeenproducedhavebeenconductedwas/wererescuedhavebeensenthavebeenbuilthavebeenacceptedhasbeenbrokenhasbeencleanedhasn'tbeenpaintedhavebeeninvitedIII.hasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguageshasbeendiscussedforaweekHowlonghasthemachinebeenusedfor?NobookhasbeenboughthavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyearshasnotbeenheardofsincethenHowlonghastheybeenmarriedHashisbookbeenreturnedtohimIV1-5BCADA6-10CBABC11-15ABABDCase1:Somethingoughttohavebeendone

beforenow.Themachinehasbeenused

for3years.1.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.2.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptopIhavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3.…IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!4.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.當(dāng)句子出現(xiàn)表示與現(xiàn)在/目前相關(guān)的時(shí)間段的短語，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如since...;for+時(shí)間段；overtime;inthepast...years;sofar;uptillnow;recently;yet;already等。什么情況下使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)？

Case2:Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomehasbeenfinished.Youcangohomeassoonasyouhavefinishedyourhomework.Eachguestwillbegivenasmallgiftwhenthey__________(fill)intheform.句子里有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)謂語，表示目前的情況，發(fā)生在do或willdo前的動(dòng)作用havedone.什么情況下使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)？havefilledCase3:1.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephones…2.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.句子里沒出現(xiàn)特定的時(shí)間狀語或存在兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生先后的對(duì)比，但句子含有“到目前/當(dāng)前”的意思。什么情況下使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)？

1.Thefloorinourclassroom_____________(mop)

everyday2Manyaccidents____________(cause)bycarelessdriving.

3.I____________(ask)tocleanmyroomonMonday.4We____________(take)tothathospitalbyataxi.5Anewcoat___________(buy)formebymymotherlastweek.6.China'sfirsttelevisionstation__________(setup)bytheworkersin1958

completethesentencesusingwordsgivenwithcorrectforms.ismoppedarecausedamaskedweretakenwasboughtwassetup7He____________________(recognize)assoonashearrivesatthiscity8Allthoseoldbuildings______________________(knockdown)tomorrow.9Anewvillagefortheathletesandallthestadiums__________________________(totheeastofLondon.10.Doyouknowthethief__________________(catch)bythepolice?

hasbeencaught

willbeknockeddownwillberecognizedwillbebuiltcompletethesentencesusingwordsgivenwithcorrectforms.11Allthepreparationsfortheproject___________________(complete),Andwe’rereadytostart.12Howmanytimes_____________________(you,tell)nottoplaywithfire?

－I’msorry.I’llneverdothatagain.13Thehomework__________________(must,handin)tomorrow.14Theflowers____________________(should,water)onceaweek.haveyoubeentoldhavebeencompletedcompletethesentencesusingwordsgivenwithcorrectforms.mustbehandedinshouldbewatered現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(presentperfecttense)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

S+have/has+been+done(過去分詞)1OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.2FirstasaPCandthenasalaptopIhavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3…IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!4Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.5Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephones…6IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMOonandMars.Discoveringusefulstructuresfromthepassageonp18:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：thepresentperfectpassivevoiceS+have/hasbeen+done(過去分詞)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個(gè)概念：1.說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2.主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者，在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：過去分詞前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞have/has和been。2.必須表示被動(dòng)。Ihavebeentoldaboutitmanytimes．Thebridgehasjustbeenbuilt．1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定句句型：

主語+have/hasbeen+過去分詞Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)否定句句型：主語+have/has+not+been+過去分詞

Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.Manyskilledworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.Thepresentperfectpassivevoice(肯定句、否定句:

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般疑問句句型：

Have/Has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)特殊疑問句句型：疑問詞+have/has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?

Thepresentperfectpassivevoice(疑問句）:

1.主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。如：TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt.張飛廟已經(jīng)過重建。2.說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。如:

Thedoorhasbeenlocked.門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。3.動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能持續(xù)下如：

Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes.

有人告訴他這事很多次了。(可能還會(huì)有人告訴他)4.用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作如：We’llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.工作一完成我們就立即動(dòng)身。(我或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不去)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+過去分詞)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示確定的過去時(shí)間的狀語連用,如:yesterday,twoweeksago,in1978,whenIgotthere

等,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just等不表示明確的時(shí)間副詞連用,還可以和表示時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到目前的帶since,for

的狀語及包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的詞連用。如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays

等。Workers

havebuilt

thehousesincetwoyearsago.

sincetwoyearsago.Exercise1:Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作的承受者謂語動(dòng)詞Thehousehas

beenbuiltbyworkers1We

havereceived

manyletterssincelastweek.Manyletters

havebeenreceived

sincelastweek.Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoicemachinereplacecomputer1Themachine

hasbeenreplacedbythecomputer

.Makingupsentencesusingpresentperfectpassivevoice:4Mycomputer,justattack,anunknownvirus.5theproblem,not,solve,we,yet6thecomputers,giveaway,to,alocalschool,thecompanyMycomputerhasjustbeenattackedbyanunknownvirus.Theproblemhasnotbeensolvedbyusyet.Thecomputershavebeengivenawaytoalocalschoolbythecompany7Akindofintelligentrobot,develop,thescientistsAkindofintelligentrobothasbeendevelopedbythescientistsMakeupthesentencesusingthepresentperfectpassivevoice.注意:副詞的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。如:

[誤]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

[誤]

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

[誤]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.

[正]

Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思,則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?二、改錯(cuò)1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithour