第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年新疆巴音郭楞州和碩高級中學(xué)高二（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）ATherearenorulesfornamingtowns.Somearereasonableenough，aftertheirfoundersoradefininggeographicalfeature.However，herearesomeplaceswhosenamesseemcompletelyrandom.Let'slookatfourofthestrangesttownnamesinAmerica.

Likely，California

Population：12

In1878，localswereaskedtofindanewnamefortheirpostoffice，afterthePostOfficeDepartmentrejecteditsoldname，SouthFork.Theysuggestedthreechoices，eachofwhichwasturneddownbecausetheyduplicated（重復(fù)）namesofotherpostofficeselsewhereinCalifornia.Whensomebodyremarkedthattheywouldlikelyneverfindaname，somebodyelsesupposedlyspokeupandsaid，"Itisnotlikelythattherewillbeanotherpostofficeinthestatecalled'Likely'."Theysubmittedthat，anditwasaccepted.

Why，Arizona

Population：151

ThistownprobablygotitsnamefromthesimplefactthatitwasneartheY-shapedjunction（交叉路口）oftwostatehighways.Accordingtooneofthecommunity'searlysettlers，though，itwasinspiredbypeopledrivingthroughwhoasked，"Whyareyoulivingwayouthere？"

Whynot，NorthCarolina

Population；228

Whynotwasfoundedinthe18thcenturybyEnglishandGermanimmigrants.Thestoryisthattherewasalongdiscussionaboutwhattocallthecommunity，andfinallysomebodyasked"WhynotnameitWhynotandthenwecangohome？"

HungryHorse，Montana

Population：575

HungryHorseandthenearbyHungryHorseDamwerenamedfortwohorseswhogotlostinthesnowinthewinterof1900andwerefoundweakandstarvingamonthlater.Theywerenursedbacktohealth.1.Inwhatorderarethefourtownslistedinthepassage？______A.Accordingtothearea. B.Accordingtothehistory.

C.Accordingtothepopulation. D.Accordingtotheachievement.2.Whywasthenameofthepostofficerefusedforthreetimes？______A.ThePostOfficeDepartmentdislikedthem.

B.Thelocalslikedanamerelatedtotheirownlife.

C.Theybelievedthattheywouldn'tcomeupwithaname.

D.TheysharedthesamenameswithotherpostofficesinCalifornia.3.Whichoftheoriginofthenamesisuncertain？______A.Likely，California B.Why，Arizona

C.Whynot，NorthCarolina D.HungryHorse，MontanaBNeverwillKateBakerforgetherfrighteningtravelingexperience.Sheandherhusband.Bob，wereheadingtoEuropewiththeir2-year-oldson，Neil."WhenwegotontheplaneinNewYork，allthreeofuswerehealthy，"shesaid."ButhalfwayovertheAtlanticOcean，Neilstartedtogetverywarm，andhisfacewasred."ThenNeilbeganfoamingatthemouth.

"Theflightattendantsweregoingupanddowntheaisle（過道），askinganyoneiftheywereadoctor，"Katerecalled，"Noonewouldcomeforward.Andthenthepilotstartedannouncing，'IsthereadoctoronboardandshouldIturnthisplanearound？'Andagain，noonecameforward."

"WhennoticingNeilcouldhardlybreathe，IthinkImusthavegoneintoshockbecauseIcouldn'tfeelanything，andIcouldn'tspeak，"Katesaid.

Thenthreewomengotoutoftheirseatsandapproachedwhereshewasstandingintheaisle.Theycameuptoherandputtheirarmsaroundher.TheystartedspeakingtoKateinalanguagethatshedidn'tunderstand.

"Thetoneoftheirvoicewasso，sosoothing，andtheystoodtherewithmewiththeirarmsaroundme."saidKate.

TheyeventuallylandedinAmsterdam.ButtheyquicklybookedanotherflighthometoNewJersey.Theywentrighttoadoctor，whodiscoveredthatNeilhadjusthadanearinfection.Hissymptoms（癥狀）hadprobablybeenduetoarapidincreaseinhisbodytemperature.

Thedoctortreatedhimfortheearinfection，andeverythingwasfine.Kateneverforgotthosewomenandhowsupportivetheywere.Shesaid，"Iwillneverforgetthemandwhattheydidforme.Wemaynotspeakthesamelanguage，butitdoesn'tmattertomebecausewecanconnectonaverydeephumanlevel."4.WhatmadeKate'stravellingexperiencefrightening？______A.Theimpatienttravelers. B.Therudeflightattendants.

C.ThesuddenillnessofNeil. D.Thepoorserviceonboard.5.WhydidthethreewomengetclosetoKate？______A.Towarnhertobesilent. B.Toofferhersomecomfort.

C.Toadvisehertochangeaseat. D.Totellherhowtotreatherson.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"soothing"probablymeaninParagraph5？______A.Comforting. B.Frightening. C.Threatening. D.Disappointing.7.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoconveyfromthepassage？______A.Shewasfedupwiththepassengersonboard.

B.ShewasgratefultothedoctorinNewJersey.

C.It'sessentialtoprovidemedicalserviceonboard.

D.Shefeltthewarmthconveyedbycompletestrangers.CInastudy，publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB：BiologicalSciences，ateamofFrenchresearchersattheUniversityofSorbonneParisNorthdemonstratedthatantshavethepotentialtoactasearlystagecancerdetectors.

"Weknewthatantscanbeeasilytrained，"BaptistePiqueret，wholedthestudy，said."Furthermore，theyhaveanefficientsenseofsmell.Wethencombinedthesetwoabilitiesandtestedwhetherantswereabletodetectthesmellofcancerornot."

Tumor（腫瘤）cellsproducespecificchemicalcompoundsthatallowthemtobedistinguishedfromhealthytissues.Theseareknownascancerbiomarkers.Animalscanbetrainedtosniffout（嗅出）thesechemicalsandthusidentifywhenapatienthascancer.

Inthepresentstudy，workerantsofthespeciesFormicafusca—commonlyknownasthesilkyant—weretrainedtorecognizecancerbiomarkersofanextremelyaggressivehumanbreastcancer.Theurine（尿液）ofmicecarryingthesetumorswascollectedandpresentedtothetrainedants，alongsideurinefromtumor—freemice.

Afterjustthreeroundsoftraining，wheretheantslearnedtoassociatethesmellofcancerbiomarkerswithasugarytreat，theyspentapproximately20percentmoretimeneartheurinefromthetumor—bearingmicethantheurinefromthosewhoweretumor—free.

Inthepast，dogsandmicehavealsobeenshowntosniffoutcancers.Butantswouldprovideaparticularlyattractivealternativeastheyarerelativelyeasytokeep，theydon'trequireexpensiverearing（飼養(yǎng)）facilities，anditappearsthattheycanbetrainedtorecognizespecificodorsinrelativelyfewtrials.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"twoabilities"inparagraph2referto？______

①Antsarecheaptobuy.

②Antscanbeeasilytrained.

③Antshaveagoodsenseofsmell.

④Antsareavailableallovertheworld.A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④9.HowdoTumorcellsdifferfromhealthycells？______A.Theyaredifferentinsize. B.Theyaredifferentincolor.

C.Theyaredifferentinsmell. D.Theyaredifferentinquantity.10.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusion？______A.Bydoingexperiments. B.Byquotingothers'research.

C.Bycollectingpublisheddata. D.Bydoingonlinequestionnaires.11.Whyaredogsandmicementionedinthelastparagraph？______A.Toindicatethenewtrendofmedicalresearch.

B.Tolisttheachievementsmadebytheresearchers.

C.Toshowtheadvantagesofantsascancerdetectors.

D.Toexplainhowtotrainotheranimalstoservepeople.DWeallhavethingswedon'tneed.ForCanberraresidentZoeBowman，itismelonballers（蔬果挖球器）."Someoneaskedforamelonballertomakesomemelonballsforakid'sparty，andIlookedinthedrawerandIhadthree，"shesays."Idon'tneedthreemelonballers!"TherequestwasmadeonaFacebookpagethatshemanages，oneofthethousandsoflocalpagesthatmakeupthe"buynothing"movement.

Partzero—wastemovement，partcommunity—buildingproject，"buynothing"hastakenoffinAustralia'sinner—citysuburbsasawaytorehomeunwantedgoodsandavoidunnecessarypurchases—likeathirdmelonballer."Itgivespeoplesomethingtodobeforeimmediatelyconsuming，"saysBowman.Inaworldwherepeoplerarelyknowtheirneighbors，a"buynothing"pageisawaytogettoknowthepeoplelivingonyourstreet.Bowmanhasbecomefriendswithsomepeoplesheregularlycorrespondswithinthegroup.

Insuchagroup，bothbehaviourandmembershiparestrictlypoliced.Demandingorofferingmoneyinexchangeforgoodsorserviceswillgetyoubanned.Postingaboutlostpetsisdiscouraged，andpoliticsisoutlawed.

Onceagroupgetstoobig，usuallymorethan1，000or1，500members，itisdividedintosmallergroups.WhenBowmanjoinedhergroupinCanberra，itcoveredasixthofthecity.Nowitcoversjustthreesuburbs：Aranda，CookandMacquarie.Theaimisalwaystomakethegroupsashyper—localaspossible.

The"buynothing"communityexistsinacomfortableandtrustingbubble.Peoplerecognizeeachotherbynameandleavetheirbackgatesunlockedforpeopletocomeandcollectwhattheyneed.Withouttrust，a"buynothing"groupcan'tgosmoothly.12.WhydidBowmanrespondtotherequestforamelonballer？______A.Shewaseagertobecomefamous.

B.Shedesiredtomakefriendswithothers.

C.Shewantedtomakemoneybysellingthem.

D.Shehadextramelonballersthatshedidn'tneed.13.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph3？______A.Theoriginof"buynothing"groups.

B.Themeaningof"buynothing"groups.

C.Theregulationsof"buynothing"groups.

D.Theachievementsof"buynothing"groups.14.Whatmattersmostintherunningof"buynothing"groups？______A.Trust. B.Profit. C.Commitment. D.Management.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage？______A.BuyNothing—AGoodWaytoSaveMoney

B.BuyNothing—ExplodesAroundTheGlobal

C.BuyNothing—SavingMoney&LivingBetter

D.BuyNothing—ContributestoWorldDevelopment二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）Studyingabroadisfullofadventures—everythingisdifferentandexciting.Howcanyouadjusttothenewenvironmentsoon？Homestayisagreatwaytogettoknowtheculturefromafirst-handaspect.Herearesometipsonhowtoenjoyasuccessfulhomestay.

Bringathoughtfulgift.

（1）______.Instead，alittlesouvenirfromyourhomecountryisagreaticebreaker.Besides，itwillhelpyourhostsrememberwhatanawesometemporaryfamilymemberyouwere.

Respecttheschedule.

Eventhoughyoupaidforyourstay，you'restillpartofafamilythatisnotyours—respecttheirschedules.Ifthemealsareat7p.m.，makesureyouareontime.（2）______.

Attendthefamilymeals.

Mosthostprogramswillgiveyouthechoicetoincludemealsinyourhomestay.It'shighlyrecommendedthatyoujoinyourfamilyforatleastonemealeachday.（3）______.Youcanalsoenjoytheconversationsthatmealsinspire.

Befairandhonestwhenproblemsarise.

（4）______.Nobodycanavoidit.Incasethere'samajortroublethatbothersyou，trytotalktothefamilyfirst.Beawarethatitmighttakesometimetogetusedtoeachother—notjustforyoubutalsoforthehostfamily.

（5）______.

Whenitcomestimetoleave，youmightbefeelingsomereliefaboutgettingbacktoamorefamiliarhome.Doremembertomakeanefforttoexpressyourthankstothefamilyforlettingyouintotheirhomeandsharingtheirliveswithyou.

A.Showgreatreliefbeforeyouleave

B.Expressyourgratitudebeforeleaving

C.Youdon'thavetospendafortuneonit

D.Thiscanhelpyoutastehome—madelocalfood

E.Youshouldalwaysbehonesttoyourhostfamily

F.Wheneverpeoplelivetogether，there'sroomforconflict

G.Youmustletyourhostfamilyknowinadvanceifyoucan'tarriveontime16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）WhenNicoleGeorge—O'Brienwas16，shebeganhavingseizures（癲癇）.Herdoctorstriedsometreatment，buttheydidn't（1）______theproblem.Sowhenshewas21，shehadbrain（2）______.Thatstoppedtheseizures，andherlifewentbackto（3）______.Fiveyearslater，shewasdrivingovertheSanMateoBridgewhensuddenlyit（4）______likeathunderclap：anotherseizure.

"WhenIwokeupinthehospitaland（5）______whathadhappened，IwasreallyworriedthatIhadhurtsomeone，"George—O'Brien（6）______."AndthatwasthefirstthingIaskedthenursesandthedoctor："DidIhurtsomeone？"

Themedicalstafftoldherthata（7）______hadseenherhavingaseizureand（8）______.Hedirectedtrafficaroundhercarandmade（9）______noonewashurt.

"Ididn'thitanyone（10）______theydidn'thitme，whichisa（11）______，"shesaid.Nooneknewtheman's（12）______，andtothisday，George—O'Briendoesn'tknowanythingmoreabouthim.Shethinkshe（13）______droveoffaftertheambulancetookherto（14）______.

"Heclearly（15）______mylife，andprobablythelivesofseveralpeopleonthefreewaythatmorning，"shesaid.Hisactions（16）______George—O'Brien'sthinkingaboutwhatshewantedtodowithherlife.Shewentontobecomeatherapist（治療專家），adecisionthatshe（17）______tothekindnesstheunknownmanshowedherthatday.

"Itcontributedtomy（18）______todoatypeofworkthatalsogavecareand（19）______，"shesaid."I'vehadagreatlife，andIfeelincredibly（20）______tohimforallowingthattohappen."21.

A.ignore B.solve C.doubt D.believe22.

A.examination B.project C.concept D.surgery23.

A.normal B.magical C.formal D.practical24.

A.hit B.dropped C.let D.bet25.

A.introduced B.informed C.realized D.forgot26.

A.refused B.assumed C.predicted D.recalled27.

A.lady B.man C.teacher D.doctor28.

A.pulledover B.droveaway C.burstout D.stoodout29.

A.simple B.tough C.sure D.possible30.

A.but B.and C.still D.so31.

A.question B.secret C.logic D.miracle32.

A.identity B.number C.hobby D.secret33.

A.constantly B.simply C.rarely D.hardly34.

A.restaurant B.school C.company D.hospital35.

A.wrote B.possessed C.changed D.ruined36.

A.attracted B.influenced C.concluded D.admitted37.

A.devotes B.introduces C.credits D.continues38.

A.desire B.achievement C.strength D.attitude39.

A.donation B.money C.kindness D.freedom40.

A.delighted B.fortunate C.satisfied D.grateful四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，并填在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置。

WuhanUniversityreopenedtothepublicforcherryblossomappreciationafterclosurelastyearduetoCOVID-19，its（1）______（office）WechataccountsaidonSunday.

FromMarch15to27，peoplecanmakeanonlinereservation（2）______（visit）thecampusbetween8：30a.m.and5：30p.m.onworkdaysandbetween8a.m.and6p.m.onweekends.Reservationsshould（3）______（make）threedaysaheadofthedayofthevisit.Thisyear，theuniversityislimiting（4）______numberofvisitorsto15，000onworkdaysand30，000onweekends.

Anyone（5）______（present）symptomsofillness，includingfever，cough，runnynoseorsorethroatwillnotbeallowedtoenterthecampusuntil（6）______（full）recovered.

Atthebeginningof2020，42，000doctorsandnursesfromotherregionsand540，000localmedicalworkers（7）______（fight）againstCOVID-19andmissedthechancetoseethefamouscherryblossomsonthecampus，ChinaNewsAgencyreported.

DouXiankang，theheadmasterofWuhanUniversity，saidtheywouldsetaspecialdayeveryyearfordoctorsandnurses（8）______wereengagedinCOVID-19preventionandcontrolinWuhantoappreciatetheblossoms.Saturdayisthespecially（9）______（select）dayin2023forthemedicalstaffandtheir（10）______（family）.Eachpersonisallowedtobringuptotwofamilymembers.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（/）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

（2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

I'mfondofsweetfood，breadintheparticular.Whenitcometomyidealjob，Idohaveanurgetorunningabakery.Inordertomakefullpreparationforit，I'vemademymindtomajorinfoodscienceandengineering.Thebreadmakeinmybakerymustbefreefromharmfulchemicals.Whatweallknow，nothingismoreimportantthanhealthy.I'llalsooffersomebreadtostarvingpeopleonaregularlybasis.Nowit'shightimethatImuststudyhardtopursuemysweetdream.六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Peter來信說，他在學(xué)習(xí)漢語，但在閱讀方面有困難，請你給他回信，要點(diǎn)如下：

（1）閱讀的好處；

（2）給出具體建議。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearPeter，

______

Yours，LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中四個鎮(zhèn)子及人口數(shù)量Likely，CaliforniaPopulation：12（Likely加州人口：12）Why，ArizonaPopulation：151（Why亞利桑那州，人口：151）Whynot，NorthCarolinaPopulation；228（Whynot北卡羅來納州，人口：228）HungryHorse，MontanaPopulation：575（HungryHorse蒙大拿州，人口：575）可知，它們是按照人口排列的。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)

Likely，California中eachofwhichwasturneddownbecausetheyduplicatednamesofotherpostofficeselsewhereinCalifornia.（每個都被拒絕了，因為他們重復(fù)了加州其他地方的其他郵局的名字）可知，三個名字被拒絕是因為和加州的其他郵局同名。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Why，Arizona

中This

town

probably

got

its

name

from

the

simple

fact

that

it

was

near

the

Y-shaped

junction（交叉路口）of

two

state

highways.According

to

one

of

the

community's

early

settlers，though，it

was

inspired

by

people

driving

through

who

asked，

"Why

are

you

living

way

out

here？"（這個小鎮(zhèn)的名字可能來源于一個簡單的事實，那就是它靠近兩條國道的Y形交叉口。不過，據(jù)該社區(qū)的一位早期定居者說，它的靈感來自于開車經(jīng)過的人，他們問："你為什么住在這里？"）可知，這個鎮(zhèn)子的起源不確定。故選B。

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國最奇怪的四個城鎮(zhèn)的名字。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】C、B、A、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的ButhalfwayovertheAtlanticOcean，Neilstartedtogetverywarm，andhisfacewasred.ThenNeilbeganfoamingatthemouth.（但是在飛越大西洋的中途，尼爾開始變得非常熱，他的臉變紅了。然后尼爾開始口吐白沫。）和第三段中的Neilcouldhardlybreathe（尼爾幾乎不能呼吸）可知，在飛機(jī)上，凱特的兒子Neil突發(fā)疾病，使她的旅行經(jīng)歷令人害怕。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Kate

never

forgot

those

women

and

how

supportive

they

were.She

said，

"I

will

never

forget

them

and

what

they

did

for

me.We

may

not

speak

the

same

language，but

it

doesn't

matter

to

me

because

we

can

connect

on

a

very

deep

human

level."（凱特從未忘記那些女人，以及她們對她的支持。她說："我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記他們，以及他們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺小Ｎ覀兛赡苷f的不是同一種語言，但對我來說沒關(guān)系，因為我們可以在非常深刻的人類層面上聯(lián)系。"）可知，這三個女士在安慰凱特。故選B。

（3）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中Kateneverforgotthosewomenandhowsupportivetheywere（凱特從未忘記那些女人，以及她們對她的支持。）可知，三位女士說的話，雖然作者聽不懂，但是給作者支持，話語很安慰人，soothing同義詞是comforting。A．Comforting令人安慰的；B．Frightening令人害怕的；C．Threatening有威脅的；D．Disappointing令人失望的。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段話中Iwillneverforgetthemandwhattheydidforme.Wemaynotspeakthesamelanguage，butitdoesn'tmattertomebecausewecanconnectonaverydeephumanlevel（凱特從未忘記那些女人，以及她們對她的支持。她說："我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記他們，以及他們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺?。我們可能說的不是同一種語言，但對我來說沒關(guān)系，因為我們可以在非常深刻的人類層面上聯(lián)系。）可知，作者感受到了完全陌生的人所傳遞的溫暖。故選D。

本文是記敘文。文章講述了凱特?貝克和她的丈夫帶著兩歲的兒子尼爾去歐洲的飛機(jī)上，兒子在航班飛行過程中，突發(fā)疾病，而且情況緊急，雖然最后化險為夷，但是飛機(jī)上三位陌生人的鼓勵，讓作者感動。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

8~11.【答案】B、C、A、C【解析】（1）詞語猜測題。根據(jù)第二段"We

knew

that

ants

can

be

easily

trained，"

Baptiste

Piqueret，who

led

the

study，said."Furthermore，they

have

an

efficient

sense

of

smell.We

then

combined

these

two

abilities

and

tested

whether

ants

were

able

to

detect

the

smell

of

cancer

or

not"（"我們知道螞蟻很容易被訓(xùn)練"領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項研究的巴蒂斯特?皮克雷說。"此外，它們具有高效的嗅覺。我們將這兩種能力結(jié)合起來，測試螞蟻是否能夠檢測到癌癥的氣味"），可知two

abilities指ants

can

be

easily

trained和they

have

an

efficient

sense

of

smell。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Tumor

（腫瘤）

cells

produce

specific

chemical

compounds

that

allow

them

to

be

distinguished

from

healthy

tissues.These

are

known

as

cancer

biomarkers.Animals

can

be

trained

to

sniff

out

（嗅出）

these

chemicals

and

thus

identify

when

a

patient

has

cancer（腫瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生特定的化合物，使它們與健康組織區(qū)分開來。這些被稱為癌癥生物標(biāo)志物。經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練，動物可以嗅出這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，從而確定病人是否患有癌癥），可知腫瘤細(xì)胞與健康細(xì)胞不同在于它們的氣味不同，因為特定的化學(xué)化合物有特殊的味道。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段After

just

three

rounds

of

training，where

the

ants

learned

to

associate

the

smell

of

cancer

biomarkers

with

a

sugary

treat，they

spent

approximately

20

percent

more

time

near

the

urine

from

the

tumor—bearing

mice

than

the

urine

from

those

who

were

tumor—free（經(jīng)過三輪訓(xùn)練，螞蟻學(xué)會了將癌癥生物標(biāo)志物的氣味與含糖食物聯(lián)系起來，它們在有腫瘤的老鼠的尿液附近花費(fèi)的時間比沒有腫瘤的老鼠的尿液多出大約20%），可知，研究者們是用實驗得出的結(jié)論。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段In

the

past，dogs

and

mice

have

also

been

shown

to

sniff

out

cancers.But

ants

would

provide

a

particularly

attractive

alternative

as

they

are

relatively

easy

to

keep，they

don't

require

expensive

rearing

（飼養(yǎng)）

facilities，and

it

appears

that

they

can

be

trained

to

recognize

specific

odors

in

relatively

few

trials.（在過去，狗和老鼠也被證明可以嗅出癌癥。但螞蟻將提供一個特別有吸引力的選擇，因為它們相對容易飼養(yǎng)，不需要昂貴的飼養(yǎng)設(shè)施，而且似乎可以在相對較少的試驗中訓(xùn)練它們識別特定的氣味），可知提及狗和老鼠就是為了證明，相比較而言螞蟻更有優(yōu)勢。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。作者介紹了一項研究成果螞蟻可以被選來充當(dāng)早期癌癥探測器。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

12~15.【答案】D、C、A、C【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Someoneaskedforamelonballertomakesomemelonballsforakid'sparty，andIlookedinthedrawerandIhadthree（有人要為了給孩子們的聚會做一些蜜瓜球需要一個挖球器，我翻了翻抽屜，發(fā)現(xiàn)有三個），可知因為Bowman有多余的蔬果挖球器，所以她回應(yīng)了。故選D。

（2）段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段In

such

a

group，both

behaviour

and

membership

are

strictly

policed.Demandingorofferingmoneyinexchangeforgoodsorserviceswillgetyoubanned.Postingaboutlostpetsisdiscouraged，andpoliticsisoutlawed（在這樣一個群體中，行為和成員都受到嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管。要求或提供金錢來換取商品或服務(wù)會讓你被禁止。關(guān)于丟失寵物的帖子是不被鼓勵的，政治活動是非法的），可知這一段主要列舉了這個活動的各種規(guī)定。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的Peoplerecognizeeachotherbynameandleavetheirbackgatesunlockedforpeopletocomeandcollectwhattheyneed（人們互相認(rèn)出對方的名字，后門不鎖上，讓人們來取他們需要的東西）和Withouttrust，a'buynothing'groupcan'tgosmoothly（沒有信任，一個"什么都不買"的團(tuán)體就不能順利進(jìn)行），可知在"什么都不買"團(tuán)體的運(yùn)作中，信任最重要，故選A。

（4）標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，特別是第一段TherequestwasmadeonaFacebookpagethatshemanages，oneofthethousandsoflocalpagesthatmakeupthe"buynothing"movement（這一要求是在她管理的Facebook頁面上提出的，該頁面是組成"不買東西"運(yùn)動的數(shù)千個本地頁面之一）和最后一段The

"buy

nothing"

community

exists

in

a

comfortable

and

trusting

bubble.People

recognize

each

other

by

name

and

leave

their

back

gates

unlocked

for

people

to

come

and

collect

what

they

need.Without

trust，a

"buy

nothing"

group

can't

go

smoothly（"什么都不買"的社區(qū)存在于一個舒適而信任的泡沫中。人們通過名字認(rèn)出彼此，并打開后門，讓人們來收集他們需要的東西。沒有信任，"什么都不買"的團(tuán)體就不可能順利進(jìn)行），可知加入"什么都不買"不僅讓人們省錢，還讓人們彼此更信任。所以C．BuyNothing—SavingMoney&LivingBetter（什么都不買省錢，生活更美好）是最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。作者介紹了一個名為"什么都不買"的活動以及它的兩個好處。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

16~20.【答案】C、G、D、F、B【解析】（1）推理判斷題。本段小標(biāo)題為Bringathoughtfulgift.（帶一份貼心的禮物。）根據(jù)下文Instead，alittlesouvenirfromyourhomecountryisagreaticebreaker.（相反，來自您祖國的小紀(jì)念品是一個很好的破冰方式。）此處的Instead表下文與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，帶一份貼心的禮物，來自您祖國的小小的紀(jì)念品就可以，所以，不必花大價錢去買禮物，C項"你不必花很多錢"，其中的it指代gift，上下文銜接連貫，故選C項。

（2）推理判斷題。本段小標(biāo)題為Respecttheschedule.（尊重時間表。）根據(jù)上文Eventhoughyoupaidforyourstay，you'restillpartofafamilythatisnotyours—respecttheirschedules.Ifthemealsareat7p.m.，makesureyouareontime.（即使您支付了住宿費(fèi)用，您仍然是這個不屬于您的家庭的一員尊重他們的時間表。如果用餐時間是晚上7點(diǎn)，請確保您準(zhǔn)時。）可知，此處用吃晚飯的實例來說明"如何尊重寄宿家庭的時間表"，G項"如果您不能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)，您必須提前通知您的寄宿家庭"，G項承接上文，解釋如果不能按時來吃晚飯，應(yīng)怎么操作。上下文銜接連貫，故選G項。

（3）推理判斷題。本段小標(biāo)題為Attendthefamilymeals.（參加家庭聚餐。）根據(jù)上文Mosthostprogramswillgiveyouthechoicetoincludemealsinyourhomestay.It'shighlyrecommendedthatyoujoinyourfamilyforatleastonemealeachday.（大多數(shù)房東計劃都會讓您選擇在寄宿家庭中包括膳食。強(qiáng)烈建議您每天至少與家人一起用餐。）下文Youcanalsoenjoytheconversationsthatmealsinspire.（你也可以享受美食帶來的對話。）根據(jù)also可知，推薦和寄宿家庭一起吃飯帶來的原因應(yīng)該有兩個理由，設(shè)空處為第一個，D項"這可以幫助你品嘗當(dāng)?shù)刈灾频氖澄?，其中的home—madelocalfood呼應(yīng)familymeals，上下文銜接連貫，D項承上啟下，故選D項。

（4）推理判斷題。本段小標(biāo)題為Befairandhonestwhenproblemsarise.（當(dāng)問題出現(xiàn)時，要公平和誠實。）此處講述"一旦和寄宿家庭出現(xiàn)問題"的建議，根據(jù)下文Nobodycanavoidit.（沒有人能避免它。）F項"只要人們住在一起，就有沖突的空間"，下文承接F項，下文的it指代F項中的conflict，語意一致，故選F項。

（5）段落標(biāo)題題。此處考查小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文Whenitcomestimetoleave，youmightbefeelingsomereliefaboutgettingbacktoamorefamiliarhome.Doremembertomakeanefforttoexpressyourthankstothefamilyforlettingyouintotheirhomeandsharingtheirliveswithyou.（當(dāng)說到要離開的時候，你可能會因為回到一個更熟悉的家而感到些許寬慰。一定要記得努力表達(dá)你對他們的感謝，感謝他們讓你進(jìn)入他們的家，和你分享他們的生活。）可知，本段與"分別"有關(guān)，介紹了你即將離開寄宿家庭時的感受和做法，B項"在離開之前表達(dá)你的感激之情"，leaving為復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，Expressyourgratitude呼應(yīng)expressyourthankstothefamily，上下文銜接連貫，語意一致。故選B項。

本文為一篇說明文。介紹了出國留學(xué)住在寄宿家庭時，很快適應(yīng)新環(huán)境，和寄宿家庭搞好關(guān)系的幾個建議。

關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟：

步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。

步驟四：注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。

步驟五：區(qū)分相似項。

21~40.【答案】B、D、A、A、C、D、B、A、C、B、D、A、B、D、C、B、C、A、C、D【解析】（1）考查動詞及語境理解。A.ignore忽略；B.solve解決；C.doubt懷疑；D.believe相信。句意：她的醫(yī)生嘗試了一些治療方法，但沒有解決問題。根據(jù)上句"Herdoctorstriedsometreatment，buttheydidn't"可知，但是醫(yī)生們沒有解決她的癲癇問題。故選B。

（2）考查名詞及語境理解。A.examination考試；B.project工程；C.concept概念；D.surgery手術(shù)。句意：21歲時，她做了腦部手術(shù)。根據(jù)上句"Herdoctorstriedsometreatment"可知，醫(yī)生給她進(jìn)行了腦部手術(shù)治療。故選D。

（3）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.normal正常的；B.magical神奇的；C.formal正式的；D.practical實際的。句意：這止住了癲癇，她的生活恢復(fù)了正常。根據(jù)上句"Thatstoppedtheseizures"可知，她的癲癇被止住了，生活正常了。故選A。

（4）考查動詞及語境理解。A.hit襲擊；B.dropped掉下；C.let讓；D.bet打賭。句意：五年后，當(dāng)她開車經(jīng)過圣馬特奧大橋時，突然像晴天霹靂一樣襲來：又一次癲癇發(fā)作。根據(jù)前文"Thatstoppedtheseizures，"可知，五年前她癲癇好了，但是突然又犯病了。故選A。

（5）考查動詞及語境理解。A.introduced介紹；B.informed通知；C.realized意識到；D.forgot忘記。句意："當(dāng)我在醫(yī)院醒來，意識到發(fā)生了什么事時，我真的很擔(dān)心我傷害了什么人，"喬治-奧布萊恩回憶說。根據(jù)空前"WhenIwokeupinthehospital"可知，喬治醒來意識到發(fā)生了什么。故選C。

（6）考查動詞及語境理解。A.refused拒絕；B.assumed假設(shè)；C.predicted假設(shè)；D.recalled回憶。句意："當(dāng)我在醫(yī)院醒來，意識到發(fā)生了什么事時，我真的很擔(dān)心我傷害了什么人，"喬治-奧布萊恩回憶說。根據(jù)下句"AndthatwasthefirstthingIaskedthenursesandthedoctor：'DidIhurtsomeone？'"可知，這是她在回憶。故選D。

（7）考查名詞及語境理解。A.lady女士；B.man男子；C.teacher老師；D.doctor醫(yī)生。句意：醫(yī)務(wù)人員告訴她，一名男子看到她癲癇發(fā)作，把車停在路邊。根據(jù)后文"Nooneknewtheman's（12），"可知，一個男子救助了喬治，故選B。

（8）考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.pulledover停車；B.droveaway開走；C.burstout爆發(fā)；D.stoodout出色。句意：醫(yī)務(wù)人員告訴她，一名男子看到她癲癇發(fā)作，把車停在路邊。根據(jù)后文"Shethinkshe（13）droveoff"可知，那個男人開著車，看到癲癇發(fā)作的喬治停下來。故選A。

（9）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.simple簡單的；B.tough艱難的；C.sure肯定的；D.possible可能的。句意：他在她的車周圍指揮交通，并確保沒有人受傷。根據(jù)上句"Hedirectedtrafficaroundhercar"可知，那個男人確保大家安全。故選C。

（10）考查連詞詞及語境理解。A.but但是；B.and并且；C.still仍然；D.so因此。句意："我沒有撞到任何人，他們也沒有撞到我，這真是個奇跡，"她說。前后是并列關(guān)系，故選B。

（11）考查名詞及語境理解。A.question問題；B.secret秘密；C.logic邏輯；D.miracle奇跡。句意："我沒有撞到任何人，他們也沒有撞到我，這真是個奇跡，"她說。根據(jù)前文"DidIhurtsomeone？"可知，當(dāng)時癲癇發(fā)作的喬治沒有撞到別人這是一個奇跡。故選D。

（12）考查名詞及語境理解。A.identity身份；B.number數(shù)字；C.hobby愛好；D.secret秘密。句意：沒有人知道這個人的身份。根據(jù)下句"George—O'Briendoesn'tknowanythingmoreabouthim"可知，沒人知道那個男子的身份。故選A。

（13）考查副詞及語境理解。A.constantly不斷地；B.simply只是；C.rarely罕見地；D.hardly幾乎不。句意：她認(rèn)為他只是在救護(hù)車把她送到醫(yī)院后開車離開了。根據(jù)上句"George—O'Briendoesn'tknowanythingmoreabouthim"可知，那個男人沒留下信息就只是開車走了，故選B。

（14）考查名詞及語境理解。A.restaurant飯店；B.school學(xué)校；C.company公司；D.hospital醫(yī)院。句意：她認(rèn)為他只是在救護(hù)車把她送到醫(yī)院后開車離開了。根據(jù)空前"theambulancetookher"可知，救護(hù)車把癲癇發(fā)作的喬治送到醫(yī)院治療。故選D。

（15）考查動詞及語境理解。A.wrote寫作；B.possessed擁有；C.changed改變；D.ruined摧毀。句意："他顯然改變了我的生活，可能也改變了那天早上高速公路上幾個人的生活，"她說。根據(jù)前文"Hedirectedtrafficaroundhercarandmade（9）noonewashurt."可知，那個男人改變了她的生活。故選C。

（16）考查動詞及語境理解。A.attracted吸引；B.influenced影響；C.concluded推斷；D.admitted承認(rèn)。句意：他的行為影響了喬治-奧布萊恩對自己人生目標(biāo)的思考。根據(jù)后文"Itcontributedtomy（18）todoatypeofworkthatalsogavecare"可知，那個陌生男人影響了喬治。故選B。

（17）考查動詞及語境理解。A.devotes致力于；B.introduces介紹；C.credits歸功于；D.continues繼續(xù)。句意：她后來