第頁(yè)江蘇省高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷(附帶答案）學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________一、閱讀理解BooksontheHistoryofUkraineTheGatesofEurope:AHistoryofUkraineBySerhiiPlokhyBasicBooks;395pages;$29.99.AllenLane;￡25TheauthoristhemostdistinguishedhistorianofUkraine(烏克蘭)writinginEnglish.ThisbookcoversthemanycenturiesinwhichUkrainewasattackedbypowersfromallpointsofthecompass.MrPlokhyshowshowUkrainianlanguage,cultureandidentityboomedthroughhardships—whichhelpsexplainwhyUkrainiansarefightingheroicallytodefendthemselves.Borderland:AJourneyThroughtheHistoryofUkraineByAnnaReidBasicBooks;368pages;$18.99.Weidenfeld&Nicolson;￡10.99Theauthorfirstpublishedthismixtureofmemoir(回憶錄),travelogueandhistoryin1997,butupdateditin2015.SheintroducesappealingUkrainians,bygoneandcontemporary,includingTarasShevchenko,thenationalpoet,etc.MsReiddoesnotavoidthehorrorsofthecountry’spast;butshealsofindsroomforhope.TheUkrainianNight:AnIntimateHistoryofRevolutionByMarciShoreYaleUniversityPress;320pages;$26and￡25ThetitlecomesfromapoembyVladimirMayakovsky,andthebookisanaccountofprodemocracy(支持民主)revolutioninUkrainein2013-14.Theauthordescribesthefeelingsofpeoplethen—thesenseofunityandthemotivationofthosewhoheadedeasttofighttheRussian-backedenemiesintheDonbas.ShealsodescribestheimplicationsofUkraine’sfateforthefutureofEurope.RedFamine:Stalin’sWaronUkraineByAnneApplebaumDoubleday;496pages;$35.AllenLane;￡25Thestarvation,knownastheHolodomor,sweptUkrainein1932-33,killingaround4millionpeople.AnneApplebaum,aPulitzer-prizewinningauthor,convincinglyarguesthatthestarvationwasawful,yetleftpsychologicalwealthforUkrainianswhobondedtogethertopreservetheirnationalism.1．WheredoesthebookTheUkrainianNighttakeitsnamefrom?A．Fromafilm. B．Fromapoem.C．Fromamagazine. D．Fromanewspaper.2．Whichbookisthecheapestindollars?A．RedFamine:Stalin’sWaronUkraine.B．TheGatesofEurope:AHistoryofUkraine.C．Borderland:AJourneyThroughtheHistoryofUkraine.D．TheUkrainianNight:AnIntimateHistoryofRevolution.3．Whatthemedothefourbooksshare?A．TheypredictthefutureofUkraine. B．Theyfaceuptohistoricalchallenges.C．TheypityUkrainiansfortheirmisfortune. D．Theyadmittheweaknessesofhumans.Howdoeskeepingthingstidychangepeoplepsychologically?Yougaingreaterconfidenceinyourself.Also,youbecomemoreoptimisticandcalmerinthemindthanbefore.Thereareseveralreasonsforthesechanges:yourself-imageimprovesasyoustartlivingintidybeautifulrooms,andyougaindecision-makingskillsasyoucontinuetochoosebetweenwhichthingstothroworgiveawayandwhichtokeep.ThewayweletgoofthingsintheKonMariMethodplaysanimportantroleaswell.TheKonMariMethodhasastepwherewegivethankstothethingsbeforewethrowthemaway.Notonlywouldyousay“thankyouforsparkingjoyinme”toafavoritepieceofclothingthatyouworetillitwasthreadbare,youwouldalsosaytoapieceofclothingyouneverworeonce“thankyouforteachingmethatthiscolordoesn’tlookgoodonme”.Youwillappreciatetherolesofallthethingsthathavecometoyouandexperienceappreciationforallofthem.Throughthisexperience,youwillrediscoverthetruththatyouhavebeensupportedbysomanythingsandyouwilldeepenyourgratitudeforthingsyouleavebehind.Toshareapersonalexample,Ihavealwayshadlittleconfidenceinmyself.WhenIgetnervousbeforealargespeakingassignment,IthinktomyselfthatI’llbefinebecausetheseclothesareprotectingmeandtheseshoesaresupportingme,andthatcalmsmedown.Onceyoustartfeelingconstantgratitudeforyourthingsandyourhomethroughtidyingup,youwillstartfeelingreliefandcalmasifyouarealwaysprotectedbysomethinglargerthanyou.4．Whatpsychologicalchangemaytidinessbringtopeople?A．Theirconfidencewillbecomeless.B．Theywillbecomelessoptimistic.C．Theywillbecomemoreconfident.D．Theirself-imagewillbedamaged.5．Whydoestheauthormentionhisownexperienceinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowoffhiswonderfulspeakingskills.B．Toexplainhowhehasbecomeaconfidentperson.C．Toshowhisspecialtasteinchoosingsuitableclothes.D．Togiveanexampleofthebenefitoftidiness.6．WhatshouldpeopleshowtoclothestheyhaveneverwornintheKonMariMethod?A．Regret. B．Worry.C．Patience. D．Gratitude.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“threadbare”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．Wornout. B．Outofdate.C．Fashionable. D．Fancy.Childrenbornin2020willexperienceextremeclimateeventsataratethatistwotoseventimeshigherthanpeoplebornin1960,accordingtoanewstudyinthejournalScience.Withthecurrentrateofglobalwarmingandnationalpoliciesthatfailtomakenecessarycutsinpollution,climateeventssuchasheatwaveswillcontinuetorise,scientistssay.Thatleaveschildrenofyoungergenerationsfacing“aseverethreat”totheirsafety,accordingtothestudy’sauthors.Thestudyresearchedextremeclimateeventssuchasheatwaves,droughts,cropfailures,floods,andwildfires.Researchersusedrecentdatafroma2021IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangereportthatincludedinformationongloballifeexpectancy(壽命),populationtrendsandpossiblechangesofglobaltemperatures.Theforecastsforhowtheseeventscouldcompletelyaffectyoungergenerationswererathersurprising.Thescientistscomparedapersonbornin1960withachildwhowas6yearsoldin2020.The6-year-oldwillexperiencetwiceasmanytyphoonsandwildfires,threetimesasmanyriverfloods,fourtimesasmanycropfailuresandfivetimesasmanydroughts.Heatwaves,though,willbethemostextremeclimateevent,with36timesasmanyoccurringforthe6-year-old.Thestudyalsoshowsthatextremeweathereventscouldaffectyoungergenerationsinvariousplacesoftheworlddifferently.Peoplewhowereyoungerthan25yearsoldby2020intheMiddleEastandNorthAfricawilllikelyexperiencemoreexposure(暴露)toextremeclimateeventscomparedwithotherplaces.Theresearcherssayoverall,youngergenerationsinlower-incomecountrieswillexperiencetheworseningclimateatahigherratethanthoseinwealthiercountries.ThedatafromthestudyshowshowlimitingtheincreaseinglobalwarmingandadaptingtheParisclimateaccord(協(xié)議)arebeneficial,theresearchersargue.Buteventhen,youngergenerationsarestillleftwith“extremeeventexposurethatneverhappenbefore,”theywrite.8．Whatdoes“aseverethreat”inPara2probablymean?A．Anunexpectedevent.B．Atoughstruggle.C．Anurgentaction.D．Aseriousdanger.9．Howdidthescientistsstudytheinfluenceofextremeclimateeventsonyoungergenerations?A．Bymakingacomparison.B．Byinterviewingpeopleofallages.C．Bygivingexamples.D．Bysharingtheirownexperiences.10．WhatcanweinferfromPara5?A．Youngergenerationsinlower-incomenationswillbemostaffected.B．Youngpeopleunder25arelesslikelytoexperienceextremeclimateevents.C．Climateinlower-incomecountrieswillbeworsethanthatinwealthiercountries.D．Extremeclimatewilldefinitelydestroythelifeofpeopleinlower-incomecountries.11．Whichofthefollowingislikelytohaveapositiveeffectontheclimateproblem?A．Fightingglobalwarmingatanycost.B．Makinguseofenergyresourceswithoutlimitation.C．Adaptinginternationalpoliciesconcerningclimate.D．Lettinggoofthedevelopmentoflower-incomecountries.SOURCEGlobalisoneofthemanycompaniesaroundtheworldharvestingwaterfromtheair.NamedHydropanels,itsdevicesarepoweredbybuilt-insolarpanels(太陽(yáng)能電池板).Atmosphericwatergenerators(AWGs),likeSOURCE’s,aremachinesthatproducewaterfromthesurroundingair.Thesedeviceshavebeenaroundforabouttenyearsandtraditionallythey’rebasedoncondensation—coolingwatervapor(蒸汽)tocollectwaterdrops.Thisprocess,however,canusealotofelectricityandonlyworkinplaceswithahighamountofwatercontainedintheair.ThesearewhatcausedSOURCEtodevelopamoreflexibleandpracticalsolution.Itssolarpanelspowerafanthatdrawsintheair.Insidethedevice,theairtravelsthroughaspecialmaterialthattrapsthewatervaportoproducewater.Asitiscollected,chemicalelements,magnesiumandcalcium,areaddedtothewatertoimproveitstasteandprovidepossiblehealthbenefits.InDubai,wherethecompany’slargestwaterfarmislocated,itproduces1.5millionlitersofwatereveryyear.SOURCEhasfixeditsHydropanelsaroundtheworldathospitals,schoolsandworksitesthathavedifficultiesaccessingwater.SOURCEplanstocreateaplastic-freebottledwaterbrand(品牌)andsellittohotelsandholidaycentersataboutthesamepriceasotherbottledwaterbrands.ItsnextpartnershipwillbeinSaudiArabia’sRedSeacoast,whereadevelopmentcompanyisaimingtobuild18hotelsthatwillserveSOURCE’swater.Over2billionpeopleliveincountriesexperiencinghighwaterstressandwhilemanycompaniesworkingonAWGshopetheirdeviceswillhelpsolvethisproblem,thatwouldbeunlikely,accordingtoKeithHayswithBluefieldResearch,acompanythataddresseswaterchallenges.Highupfrontcostsmeanittakesaround10yearsforAWGstobecost-competitive,hesaysandtheygenerallyproduceasmallpartofthewaterthatawellorseawaterdesalination(脫鹽)systemcansupply.VahidFotuhiwithSOURCEunderstandsthechallenges,buthesaysthatHydropanelshelpreducetheuseofplasticsandtheenvironmentalfootprint,andtheirsellingpointsremainstrong.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“These”inparagraph2referto?A．Thedisadvantagesofusingelectricity. B．Theexpectationsoffuturegrowth.C．Thefeaturesofcondensation. D．ThelimitationsofAWGs.13．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．TheworkingprocessofHydropanels.B．Theneedforwatercollectedfromtheair.C．Theimportanceofapplyingrenewableenergy.D．Thereasonforaddingchemicalelementstowater.14．WhatisoneofSOURCE’splans?A．Tocreateabrandtosellplastic-freebottledwater.B．Tobuild18hotelsequippedwithHydropanels.C．Toproduce1.5millionlitersofwatereveryyear.D．TofixitsHydropanelsathospitalsandschools.15．WhatdoesVahidFotuhithinkofHydropanels?A．Theyarehighlycompetitiveinprice.B．Theyproducefresherwaterthanwells.C．Theyofferclearenvironmentalbenefits.D．Theyplayakeyroleinreducingwaterstress.二、七選五Nowadays,manyofusarefindingourselvestiredout,strugglingtobuildbalancebackintoourlives.16Spendingtimenearoceans,lakes,riversandotherbulespacescanprovidearangeofbenefitsincludingreducinganxiety,easingmentaltirednessandrefreshingus.Hereissomeadviceonhowtotakeadvantageofthehealingpowerofwater.17Youlikelyhavesomewatercloseby,evenifitisjustapondalongsidetheroad.Startthere.Thengetouttowateryoucanvisitontheweekendoravacation.Urbanwatercounts—rivers,canalsandfountains.18Ifyoucan’tgettoactualwater,thenpaintings,photographs,videosandmoviescanproducesomeofthesamebenefits.Evenvirtualrealityhelps.Gooften.Alittlebitmakesabigdifference.19Butanenvironmentalpsychologistfoundthatspendingasimilaramountoftimenearwaterhasthesamebenefits.Evenpeoplewholookintoaquariums(水族箱)havelowerheartratesandbettermoodsafterjust15minutes.Listen.Oneofthemostcalmingcharacteristicsofwaterisitssound,typicallysteadyandsoft.Thewatersoundspeoplefindhavingthestrongesthealingpowerareraininarainforest,wavespattingabeach,andarunningstream.Whenthesoundsoflivingthingsareaddedtothesoundsofwater,peoplelikethemevenbetter.Makeanaudiorecordingofyourfavoritewater.20A．Rememberthatallwatercounts.B．Itwillbringbackhappymemories.C．Stayinaplacesurroundedbywater.D．Accordingtoresearchers,watercanhelpus.E．Sodoesdomesticwater-inpools,bathtubs,evenbyfishtanks.F．Spendingsometimeeverydaynearwatercanspeedupourrecovery.G．Ittakesatleasttwohoursaweekinnaturetoimproveourwell-being.三、完形填空Despiteanagegapof80years,a13-year-oldgirlandacarehomeresidentinLutonhavebecomefirmfriendsafterbecomingpenpalsduringlockdown.It21alotto93-year-oldMadge,whonowlivesatacarehome,22bythecharityFriendsoftheElderly.Madgeis23ofchildrenasshecomesfromabigfamily.Butit’sbeen24forhertoseerelativesrecentlyforthepandemic.Sowhentheopportunity25tobecomepenpalswitha13-year-oldgirl,shewasonlytoo26totakepart.HerpenpalisElla,whosefamilyareinLuton.BeforeCovid-19,Ellawouldalwaysbeinvolvedinthevoluntaryactivitiesatthecarehome.27,Covid-19madeitimpossibleforhertodothatasusual.28aboutthepeoplethere,shefeltanurgetodosomething.Oneday,it29Ellathatshecouldwritetothecarehomeresident.That’showtheybecamepenpals.Madgesaid,“I’vegotallher30here.Ithinkthat’ssoniceforhertobothertowritetomewhoisso31now.”It’shelpedMadgefeel32withtheoutsideworld.AndEllaalsohasgotalotfromtheexperience.33,whenit’ssafe,thesetwowillmeetinperson.Ageisjusta34betweenfriends.Inspiteofthegreatdifferenceinage,theletters35thegapbetweenthem.21．A．meant B．took C．saved D．needed22．A．found B．consulted C．sponsored D．served23．A．fond B．a(chǎn)fraid C．tolerant D．tired24．A．necessary B．possible C．a(chǎn)ccessible D．difficult25．A．cameup B．cameout C．putup D．pickedup26．A．surprised B．delighted C．reluctant D．hesitant27．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Moreover28．A．Confused B．Concerned C．Curious D．Crazy29．A．happened B．occurred C．beat D．struck30．A．gifts B．messages C．letters D．calls31．A．a(chǎn)ncient B．funny C．energetic D．serious32．A．satisfied B．delighted C．bored D．connected33．A．Initially B．Thankfully C．Hopefully D．Previously34．A．gap B．a(chǎn)ccelerator C．number D．obstacle35．A．left B．bridged C．widened D．identified四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinesesoupdumpling,alsoreferredto36xiaolongbao,isoneofthemostfamousanduniquedishesinChinesecuisine.37(origin)startingfromtheJiangnanregionofChina,thispopulardishisafavoriteamonglocalsandvisitorsalike,whichisoftenconsidered38mustwhenvisitingChina.Xiaolongbaoismade39(use)adough(面團(tuán))thatisrolledoutthinandthenfilledwithmincedpork,seafoodorvegetables.Afterbeingcarefullyfoldedandplacedinabamboobasket40theyarethenheatedupandsteamedslowly,thedumplingswillbeservedtocustomers.41xiaolongbaohasbeentreasuredfordecades,itwasn’tuntil2006thattheShanghaigovernmentlistedthedelicacyinChina’snationalcategoryofprotected“treasures”.Inthepastfewdecades,xiaolongbao42(establish)itsreputationamongChineseandforeigners.Unlikeanyotherdumplingsyoumayhavetried,itisaperfectbalanceoftendermeatfilling43(combine)withsavorybroth(肉湯).What’smore,itisatruereflectionofChinesepeoplealwaysplacing44(emphasize)ondetails.Inaword,ifyouwanttoexperiencethedelicateanddeliciousflavorsofChinesecuisine,youmusttryxiaolongbao.Themoreyoutryit,themorelikelyyouare45(get)lostinitsflavor.五、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思填寫單詞46．She_______（示意）tothechildrentocomeinside,buttheydidn'tnoticeit.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)47．Studiesshowthatfreshairis________(有益的)tohealth.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫）48．WithSpringFestivalapproaching,ourhousewasdecoratedwithflowers,whichaddedtothe________（氣氛）ofthefestival.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫）49．Whenitcomestothetopicoflosingweight,Ioftenreceiveanumberof________(互相矛盾的)suggestions.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)50．Thecostofthedamagecausedbytherecentstormshasbeen________(估算)atover$5million.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫）六、根據(jù)首字母填寫單詞51．A________tothisinformationisseverelyrestricted.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）52．Thehouse,whichwasoncethebirthplaceofthegeneral,wasfounda________afteraseverefire.53．WhenthecouplewenttoChina,thehusbandhadtoi________forhiswife,whocouldn'tspeakChinese.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）54．Myjobasajournalististoe________thetruth.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)55．Largenumbersoffanscomplainedthatalltheliveconcertfailedtoliveuptotheire_____.七、其他應(yīng)用文56．假定你所在的城市正在創(chuàng)建全國(guó)文明城市，請(qǐng)寫一篇演講稿，呼吁全體同學(xué)行動(dòng)起來(lái)，為創(chuàng)建文明城市作出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。內(nèi)容包括：1.創(chuàng)建文明城市的內(nèi)容與意義；2.呼吁同學(xué)們從身邊小事做起(不少于兩點(diǎn))。詞匯：文明城市civilizedcity注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Boysandgirls,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyou.八、讀后續(xù)寫57．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Aminahwassadeveryday.Hermotherhadrunoffwithamanshemetatherworkplacelastyear.Herfatherwasdepressed(沮喪的).Henearlybrokedown.Manyanighthewouldcomebackcryingout,“Why,whydidsheleaveme?”SodepressedwashethathelosthimselfinwineandAminahoftenbecametheunfortunatevictim(受害者)ofhisangeranddepression.Whileatschool,herclassmatesoftenmadefunofherfailinggrades.Oneday,herpatienceranout,andshedecidedtoleavehome.“Where?”shewondered.Shedidnotknow.Allsheknewwasthatshehadtogetawayfromitall:ahorriblefatherandschool.Packingsomenecessaryitemsandafewpreciouspersonalbelongings,sheranaway.Shewouldleaveherfuturetothegods.Therewasconfusion(困惑),uncertainty,andsuffering.Inherheart,sheknewthatrunningawaywouldnotsolveherproblems,butshehadtodosomething.Thatnightshewalkedaimlesslyalonedownastreetawayfromherhome,feelingalittlecomfortfromthefreedomshefinallygainedandbeingawayfromthosemeaneyesaroundher.Thenightseemedtopassveryslowly.Feelingtiredandhungry,Aminahlaidherselfdownonachairatabusstopbesidethestreet.Curiouslyenough,staringatthestarstwinklinginthesky,Aminahcouldn’thelpthinkingofherfather-theheartbrokenmanandtheonlybreadwinnerofthefamily.“Whatisthepoormandoingnow?Doesmyrunningawaysecretlyresultinhisdeepersorroworworry?”shewondered.Shewasatalosswhattodowhenapolicemanspottedherandaskedabouthercondition.1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Meanwhile,Mr.Ahmad,Aminah’sfather,hadrealizedherabsence._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mr.Ahmadrushedtothepolicestationwherehisdaughterwasheld.參考答案1．B2．C3．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了基本關(guān)于烏克蘭歷史的書籍。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheUkrainianNight:AnIntimateHistoryofRevolution標(biāo)題下“ThetitlecomesfromapoembyVladimirMayakovsky(這個(gè)標(biāo)題來(lái)自于一首詩(shī))”可知TheUkrainianNight的標(biāo)題來(lái)自于一首詩(shī)。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段TheGatesofEurope:AHistoryofUkraine標(biāo)題下“BasicBooks;395pages;$29.99.AllenLane;￡25($29.99)”，第二段Borderland:AJourneyThroughtheHistoryofUkraine標(biāo)題下“BasicBooks;368pages;$18.99.Weidenfeld&Nicolson;￡10.99($18.99)”，第三段TheUkrainianNight:AnIntimateHistoryofRevolution標(biāo)題下“YaleUniversityPress;320pages;$26and￡25($26)”以及第四段RedFamine:Stalin’sWaronUkraine標(biāo)題下“Doubleday;496pages;$35.AllenLane;￡25($35)”可知，四本書中按照美元標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最便宜的是Borderland:AJourneyThroughtheHistoryofUkraine：$18.99。故選C。3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主標(biāo)題“BooksontheHistoryofUkraine(關(guān)于烏克蘭歷史的書籍)”以及每本書下面對(duì)應(yīng)的主題，第一段“Mr.PlokhyshowshowUkrainianlanguage,cultureandidentityboomedthroughhardships—whichhelpsexplainwhyUkrainiansarefightingheroicallytodefendthemselves(Plokhy先生展示了烏克蘭的語(yǔ)言、文化和身份是如何在艱難困苦中蓬勃發(fā)展的——這有助于解釋為什么烏克蘭人會(huì)英勇地為捍衛(wèi)自己而戰(zhàn)斗)”，第二段“SheintroducesappealingUkrainians,bygoneandcontemporary,includingTarasShevchenko,thenationalpoet,etc.MsReiddoesnotavoidthehorrorsofthecountry’spast;butshealsofindsroomforhope(她介紹了迷人的烏克蘭人，無(wú)論是過(guò)去的還是現(xiàn)在的，包括民族詩(shī)人塔拉斯舍甫琴科等。里德女士并沒(méi)有回避國(guó)家過(guò)去的恐怖；但她也發(fā)現(xiàn)了希望的空間)”，第三段“Theauthordescribesthefeelingsofpeoplethen—thesenseofunityandthemotivationofthosewhoheadedeasttofighttheRussian-backedenemiesintheDonbas.ShealsodescribestheimplicationsofUkraine’sfateforthefutureofEurope(作者描述了當(dāng)時(shí)人們的感受——團(tuán)結(jié)的感覺(jué)和那些前往東部抗擊俄羅斯支持的頓巴斯敵人的動(dòng)機(jī)。她還描述了烏克蘭的命運(yùn)對(duì)歐洲未來(lái)的影響)”以及第四段“AnneApplebaum,aPulitzer-prizewinningauthor,convincinglyarguesthatthestarvationwasawful,yetleftpsychologicalwealthforUkrainianswhobondedtogethertopreservetheirnationalism.(普利策獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)作家AnneApplebaum令人信服地指出，饑荒是可怕的，但卻給團(tuán)結(jié)在一起維護(hù)民族主義的烏克蘭人留下了心理財(cái)富)”可知，這四本書的共同之處是；四本書是關(guān)于烏克蘭的歷史，書中都描述了烏克蘭人民英勇斗爭(zhēng)。由此可知，這四本書共享的主題是他們正視歷史挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。4．C5．D6．D7．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了麻理惠整理方法，告訴我們保持物品整潔會(huì)帶來(lái)心理上的益處。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Howdoeskeepingthingstidychangepeoplepsychologically?Yougaingreaterconfidenceinyourself.(保持整潔如何改變?nèi)藗兊男睦?你會(huì)對(duì)自己更有信心。)”可知，通過(guò)保持物品整潔，可以使人獲得更多自信。故選C。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onceyoustartfeelingconstantgratitudeforyourthingsandyourhomethroughtidyingup,youwillstartfeelingreliefandcalmasifyouarealwaysprotectedbysomethinglargerthanyou.(一旦你開始通過(guò)整理對(duì)你的東西和你的家感到持續(xù)的感激，你會(huì)開始感到放松和平靜，好像你總是被比你更大的東西保護(hù)著。)”可推斷，作者提到自己的經(jīng)歷是想要給出一個(gè)整理物品帶來(lái)益處的例子。故選D。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“youwouldalsosaytoapieceofclothingyouneverworeonce“thankyouforteachingmethatthiscolordoesn’tlookgoodonme”.(你還會(huì)對(duì)一件你從未穿過(guò)的衣服說(shuō)“謝謝你教會(huì)我這個(gè)顏色不適合我”。)”可知，按照麻理惠整理方法，應(yīng)對(duì)從未穿過(guò)的衣服表現(xiàn)出感激之情。故選D。7．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半句“Notonlywouldyousay“thankyouforsparkingjoyinme”toafavoritepieceofclothing(你不僅會(huì)對(duì)一件最喜歡的衣服說(shuō)“謝謝你讓我開心”)”結(jié)合till可知，此處是指對(duì)于喜歡的衣服，人們會(huì)穿到破舊為止。所以threadbare為“破舊的”之意。故選A。8．D9．A10．A11．C【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述的是一項(xiàng)新研究說(shuō)明2020年出生的兒童經(jīng)歷極端氣候事件的幾率是1960年出生的人的2到7倍。8．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Withthecurrentrateofglobalwarmingandnationalpoliciesthatfailtomakenecessarycutsinpollution,climateeventssuchasheatwaveswillcontinuetorise,scientistssay.”（科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，隨著目前全球變暖的速度和國(guó)家政策未能對(duì)污染作出必要的削減，熱浪等氣候事件將繼續(xù)上升。）講述的是一系列的氣候事件，氣候事件可能對(duì)孩子們的安全構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn)?？芍?，aseverethreat的意思是嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)。故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thescientistscomparedapersonbornin1960withachildwhowas6yearsoldin2020.”（科學(xué)家們將1960年出生的人與2020年6歲的孩子進(jìn)行了比較。）可知，是根據(jù)比較得出研究極端氣候事件對(duì)年輕一代的影響的。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句話“Theresearcherssayoverall,youngergenerationsinlower-incomecountrieswillexperiencetheworseningclimateatahigherratethanthoseinwealthiercountries.”（研究人員說(shuō)，總體而言，低收入國(guó)家的年輕一代比富裕國(guó)家的年輕一代經(jīng)歷氣候惡化的比率更高。）可知，低收入國(guó)家的年輕一代將受到最大的影響更大。故選A。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThedatafromthestudyshowshowlimitingtheincreaseinglobalwarmingandadaptingtheParisclimateaccord(協(xié)議)arebeneficial,theresearchersargue.”（研究顯示的數(shù)據(jù)如何限制全球變暖的增加和適應(yīng)巴黎氣候協(xié)議是有益的，研究人員說(shuō)。）可知，適應(yīng)有關(guān)國(guó)際氣候政策對(duì)氣候問(wèn)題有積極影響。故選C。12．D13．A14．A15．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了SOURCEGlobal公司的一個(gè)特殊制水設(shè)備，該設(shè)備名為Hydropanels，該設(shè)備是由內(nèi)置太陽(yáng)能電池板供電。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“Thisprocess,however,canusealotofelectricityandonlyworkinplaceswithahighamountofwatercontainedintheair.(然而，這個(gè)過(guò)程會(huì)消耗大量的電力，而且只能在空氣中含有大量水分的地方工作)”可知，傳統(tǒng)上基于冷凝-冷卻水蒸汽來(lái)收集水滴的方法會(huì)消耗大量的電力，由此導(dǎo)致SOURCE開發(fā)更靈活和實(shí)用的解決方案。故劃線詞指代的是傳統(tǒng)的AWG的局限性。故選D。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itssolarpanelspowerafanthatdrawsintheair.Insidethedevice,theairtravelsthroughaspecialmaterialthattrapsthewatervaportoproducewater.Asitiscollected,chemicalelements,magnesiumandcalcium,areaddedtothewatertoimproveitstasteandprovidepossiblehealthbenefits.(它的太陽(yáng)能電池板為風(fēng)扇提供動(dòng)力，從而吸入空氣。在設(shè)備內(nèi)部，空氣通過(guò)一種特殊的材料，這種材料可以捕獲水蒸氣，從而產(chǎn)生水。在收集的過(guò)程中，化學(xué)元素，鎂和鈣，被添加到水中，以改善其味道，并提供可能的健康益處)”可知，本段主要講述的是Hydropanels的工作過(guò)程。故選A。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“SOURCEplanstocreateaplastic-freebottledwaterbrand(品牌)andsellittohotelsandholidaycentersataboutthesamepriceasotherbottledwaterbrands.(SOURCE計(jì)劃創(chuàng)建一個(gè)無(wú)塑料瓶裝水品牌，并以與其他瓶裝水品牌大致相同的價(jià)格出售給酒店和度假中心)”可知，該公司的計(jì)劃是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)無(wú)塑料瓶裝水品牌，并以與其他瓶裝水品牌大致相同的價(jià)格出售給酒店和度假中心。故選A。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“VahidFotuhiwithSOURCEunderstandsthechallenges,buthesaysthatHydropanelshelpreducetheuseofplasticsandtheenvironmentalfootprint.(SOURCE的VahidFotuhi了解這些挑戰(zhàn)，但他表示，水力發(fā)電板有助于減少塑料的使用和環(huán)境足跡)”可知，VahidFotuhi認(rèn)為Hydropanels該設(shè)備提供了明顯的環(huán)境效益。故選C。16．D17．A18．E19．G20．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于如何利用水的治療力量的建議16．根據(jù)空前的“Nowadays,manyofusarefindingourselvestiredout,strugglingtobuildbalancebackintoourlives.(如今，我們中的許多人都發(fā)現(xiàn)自己疲憊不堪，努力恢復(fù)生活的平衡)”可知，當(dāng)前，很多人處于疲憊狀態(tài)，在努力地建立生活中的平衡，根據(jù)空后的“Spendingtimenearoceans,lakes,riversandotherbulespacescanprovidearangeofbenefitsincludingreducinganxiety,easingmentaltirednessandrefreshingus.(在海洋、湖泊、河流和其他藍(lán)色空間附近度過(guò)一段時(shí)間可以帶來(lái)一系列好處，包括減少焦慮、緩解精神疲勞和讓我們精神煥發(fā))”可知，與水相關(guān)的環(huán)境在一起一段時(shí)間會(huì)有很大幫助，由此可推斷，此空處應(yīng)是承上啟下的作用，指出水可以幫助我們緩解疲憊。D選項(xiàng)“Accordingtoresearchers,watercanhelpus.(據(jù)研究人員稱，水可以幫助我們)”符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。17．根據(jù)分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此處應(yīng)為本段的主題句，應(yīng)為祈使句，根據(jù)空后的“Youlikelyhavesomewatercloseby,evenifitisjustapondalongsidetheroad.Startthere.Thengetouttowateryoucanvisitontheweekendoravacation.Urbanwatercounts—rivers,canalsandfountains.(你附近可能有一些水，即使它只是路邊的一個(gè)池塘。從這里開始。然后到你可以在周末或假期參觀的水里去。城市用水——河流、運(yùn)河和噴泉)”可知，該段講述的只要是有水的地方就可以，無(wú)論是哪里的水，A選項(xiàng)“Rememberthatallwatercounts.(記住，所有的水都可以)”符合題意，概括了本段的主題。故選A項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)上題分析的內(nèi)容，本段講述的是無(wú)論哪里的水都很重要，由此可知，此空處講述的內(nèi)容與此相關(guān)，根據(jù)空前的“Thengetouttowateryoucanvisitontheweekendoravacation.Urbanwatercounts—rivers,canalsandfountains.(然后到你可以在周末或假期參觀的水里去。城市用水——河流、運(yùn)河和噴泉)”可知，此處講述的是在周末時(shí)間去接觸外界的水，E選項(xiàng)“Sodoesdomesticwater-inpools,bathtubs,evenbyfishtanks.(家庭水池、浴缸，甚至魚缸也是如此)”講述的內(nèi)容是家里的水也很重要，與本段主題相符，且內(nèi)容一致。故選E項(xiàng)。19．根據(jù)本段主題句“Gooften.”可知，該段建議人們經(jīng)常接觸水，與時(shí)間相關(guān)，根據(jù)空后的“Butanenvironmentalpsychologistfoundthatspendingasimilaramountoftimenearwaterhasthesamebenefits.(但一位環(huán)境心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，在水附近呆同樣長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間也有同樣的好處)”可知，在水附近花費(fèi)類似的時(shí)間有一樣的好處，根據(jù)but可知，此空處的內(nèi)容與空后內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G選項(xiàng)“Ittakesatleasttwohoursaweekinnaturetoimproveourwell-being.(我們每周至少要花兩個(gè)小時(shí)在大自然中才能改善我們的健康)”可知，每周在大自然中待至少兩個(gè)小時(shí)會(huì)改善健康，與空后的“在水邊花費(fèi)相似的時(shí)間”以及“起到一樣的效果”意義相符。故選G項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)本段的主題句“Listen.”以及空前的“Makeanaudiorecordingofyourfavoritewater.(錄制您最喜歡的水的錄音)”可知，本段講述的是聽水聲對(duì)身體健康是有用的，空前講述的是錄制一段最喜歡的水的錄音，由此可知，此空處應(yīng)是這樣做的效果，B選項(xiàng)“Itwillbringbackhappymemories.(它會(huì)帶回快樂(lè)的回憶)”符合題意，承接空前內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。