PTE（2019611日更新發(fā)布 Repeat AnswerShort Fillinthe TheEssenceof yticand PullmanHistoric SummarizeWritten Independent HumansLoveto Education Solar 第2頁共13RepeatAlltheassignmentsshouldbesubmittedbytheendofthisThisisaprestigiousprogramforourStudentsarecompetingfor ceinthecomputerEssayswithfewornocitationswillberegardedasThecountry'seconomyisprimarilybasedonManyundergraduatestudentsgobackhometostaywiththeirparentsafterTheprofessorisgoingtodiscuss HisobjectiontoincludescientificevidencehasbroughtalotofcontroversytoThelecturewasmeanttostartatShetoldthefacultytobeveryAnswerShortWhatis yousubmitbeforeyousubmityourassignment第3頁共13Howdowecallthatanimals nts intherocks?WhatdevicecanbeusedtotakeWhichoneismorewidespread,Korean,ThaiorHindi?Whichcountry'slanguageismorewidespread,Japanese,NorthKorea FillinthePre-RaphaelitismwasBritain'smostsignificantandinfluential19th-centuryartmovement.Foundedin1848,itcenteredonagroupofthreeyoungs:WilliamHolmanHunt,DanteGabrielRossettiandJohnEverettMillais.ThesessoughttoreviveEnglishartbyradicallyturningawayfromtheoldstudiotraditionandbringingpaintingintodirectcontactwithnature.Withaneyeforabsoluteaccuracy,everydetailwasnowtohaveintenserealistaswellassymbolicmeaning.第4頁共13TheEssenceofOneofthemosteminentofpsychologists,ClarkHull,claimedthattheessenceofreasoningliesintheputtingtogetheroftwo'behaviorsegments'insomenovelway,neveractuallyperformedbefore,soastoreachagoal.TwofollowersofClarkHull,HowardandTraceyKendler,devisedatestforchildrenthatwasexplicitlybasedonClarkHull'sprinciples.Thechildrenweregiventhetaskoflearningtooperateamachinesoastogetatoy.Inordertosucceedtheyhadtogothroughatwo-stagesequence.LifeintheUK2012providesauniqueoverviewofwell-beingintheUKtoday.ThereportisthefirstsnapshotoflifeintheUKtobedeliveredbytheMeasuringNationalWell-beingprogrammerandwillbeupdatedandpublishedannually.Well-beingisdiscussedintermsoftheeconomy,peopleandtheenvironment.Informationsuchastheunemploymentrateornumberofcrimesagainstthearepresentedalongsidedataonpeople’sthoughtsandfeelings,forexample,satisfactionwithourjobsorleisuretimeandfearofcrime.Together,richerpictureon‘howsocietyisng’is第5頁共13 yticandElementsofboththepsychoyticandbehavioristtheoriesarrangeinmodernapproachesto alityAdvancesinneurosciencehavebeguntobridgethegapbetweenbiochemistryandbehavior,butthereisstillagreatdealthatneedstobeexined.Withoutaconsistentunderstandingof ality,howcanwebegintocategorizerisktakers?Ifwecannot,wewillbeunableto4comparetheirgeneswiththoseofothers.PullmanHistoricBuiltin1880on4,000acresoflandoutsideoftheChicagocitylimits,Pullman,Illinois,wasthefirstindustrialnnedcommunityintheUnitedStates.GeorgePullman,ofthePullmanrailroadCar ,builtthesouthresidentialportionof townfirst,whichcontained531houses,someofwhichstandtodaymoreorlessastheydidoriginally.第6頁共13SummarizeWrittenWorkingninetofiveforasingleemployerbearslittleresemblancetothewayasubstantialshareoftheworkmakesalivingtoday.Millionsofpeopleassemblevarious estreamsandworkindependently,ratherthaninstructuredpayrolljobs.Thisishardlyanewphenomenon,yetithasneverbeenwellmeasuredinofficialstatistics—andtheresultingdatagapspreventaclearviewofalargeshareoflabor-marketactivity.Tobetterunderstandtheindependentworkandwhatmotivatesthepeoplewhoparticipateinit,theMcKinseyGlobalInstitutesurveyedsome8,000respondentsacrossEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Weaskedabouttheir einthepast12months— passingprimarywork,aswellasanyother e-generatingactivities—andabouttheirprofessionalsatisfactionandaspirationsforworkinthefuture.Theresultingreport,Independentwork:Choice,necessity,andthegigeconomy,findsthatupto162millionpeopleinEuropeandtheUnitedStates—or20to30percentoftheworking-agepopulation—engageinsomeformofindependentwork.Whiledemographicallydiverse,independentworkerslargelyfitintofoursegments(exhibit):agents,whoactivelychooseindependentworkandderivetheirprimary efromit;casualearners,whouseindependentworkfor eanddosobychoice;reluctants,whomaketheir第7頁共13livingfromindependentworkbutwouldprefertraditionaljobs;andthefinanciallystrapped,whodosupplementalindependentworkoutofnecessity.HumansLoveto Humanslovetocomintoeachother.Ithelpsusfeellessalone.Thinkaboutwhathappenswhenafamilymemberorfriendisgoingthroughatoughtime;theycallupsomeonewhowilllistentotheirtaleofwoe.Unfortunay,negativebondingisthedefaultformanygroups.Insomefamiliescominingistheonlywaytogetattention.Whenone says,Ihadabadday;theother hastotopit."Youthinkyouhadatoughday,IhadtodothreeTPSreports!"Thesamethinghappensatworkandsocialsettings."Yourchilddidn'tsleepthroughthenightuntil6months?Minewasafullyearoldbeforeshewentoversixhours."It'saracetothebottom,theworstsituationwins.InBitchingisBonding,AGuideToMutualComint,IreneS.Levine,Ph.D.,aprofessorofpsychiatryattheNYULangoneSchoolofMedicinesays,"thereasontheseconversationsfeelgoodisbecausewefeelunderstood."Peopleraisedinnegativeenvironmentslearnearlyon,beingpositivegetsyouthrownoutoftheclub.Whenfamilydinnerisacomintfest,you’renotgoingtoriskalienationsaying,"Wow,Ihadanawesomeday,don'tyoujustlovelife?"Translatethisintoaworksetting,people,oftenunconsciously,believebeingpositivekeepsyououtofthecoolclub.Whennegativityprovidesbonding,humansarereluctanttoabandonthebehaviorthatbringsthemcomfort.第8頁共13IN1953,B.F.Skinnervisitedhisdaughter’smathsclass.TheHarvardpsychologistfoundeverypupillearningthesametopicinthesamewayatthesamespeed.Afewdayslaterhebuilthisfirst"teachingmachine",whichletchildrentacklequestionsattheirownpace.Bythemid-1960ssimilargizmoswerebeingfloggedbydoor-todoorsalesmen.Withinafewyears,though,enthusiasmforthemhadfizzledout.Sincetheneducationtechnology(edtech)hasrepeatedthecycleofhypeandflop,evenascomputershavereshapedalmosteveryotherpartoflife.Onereasonistheconservatismofteachersandtheirunions.Butanotheristhatthebrain-stretchingpotentialofedtechhasremainedunproven.Today,however,Skinner’sheirsareforcingthescepticstothinkagain(seearticle).BackedbybillionairetechiessuchasMarkZuckerbergandBillGates,schoolsaroundtheworldareusingnewsoftwareto" alize"learning.Thiscouldhelphundredsofmillionsofchildrenstuckindismalclasses—butonlyifedtechboosterscanresistthetemptationtoreviveharmfulideasabouthowchildrenlearn.Tosucceed,edtechmustbeattheserviceofteaching,nottheotherwayaround.TheconventionalmodelofschoolingemergedinPrussiainthe18thcentury.Alternativeshavesofarfailedtoteachasmanychildrenasefficiently.Classrooms,hierarchicalyear-groups,standardizedcurriculumsandfixedtimetablesarestillthenormformostoftheworld’snearly1.5bnschoolchildren.第9頁共13SolarTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsolarpowercomparedtootherformsofrenewableenergyhavebeengreatlydebated.Whileobviouslysuperiortosomeformsofenergy,solarpower'shighcostandefficiencydependentongeographyhavelimiteditsappeal.However,alargenumberofadvantagesalsomeritfurtherdevelopmentandevenpossibleadaptationforresidences.AdvantagesofSolarPowerSolarenergyremainspopularbecauseitisbotharenewableandcleansourceofenergy.Theseadvantagesalongwiththehopethateventuallynationscanusesolar