法律語用學(xué)新進(jìn)展

AdvancesinForensicPragmatics基于第十屆國(guó)際法律語言學(xué)大會(huì)的匯報(bào)與思考AReportontheInternationalAssociationofForensicLinguists(IAFL)TenthBiennialConference:focusingonforensicpragmatics匯報(bào)人：張新紅廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)外國(guó)語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)研究中心法律語言學(xué)研究所主辦方與承辦方Outline法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？法律語言學(xué)家面臨哪些困境？他們是如何走出困境來完成各類任務(wù)的(語言學(xué)工具)？純粹的語用學(xué)方法還是綜合運(yùn)用語言學(xué)各個(gè)學(xué)科？對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)法律語用學(xué)/語言學(xué)研究的啟示？法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Reformulation/Fabrication/Institutionalization/Contraction/Decontextualization/SummarizingofInstitutionalInteractioninpoliceinterviewingandcourttrial(police’sinstitutionalized/bureaucraticreportofwitnessorsuspect’sstatementasevidenceagainstsuspect,在法院則經(jīng)常直接quoteoutofcontext,misrepresentingthesuspect’sownwordsortakenasdirectrepresentationofsuspect’sownwords，大陸法系尤其如此；作為專家證人或者辯護(hù)律師，需要recontextualize);differentversionsofthestory:TheCareerofaSuspect'sStatement:Talk,text,andcontext(MarthaKomter-plenaryspeaker)“Youaskedmewhathappenedlastnight”:AcomparisonbetweenfirststorysolicitationsinpoliceinterrogationsandthetextinthepolicerecordsFrom‘I’dliketoreport’to‘theytoldmeto‘phoneyouuptoreport’:MetalinguisticdimensionsofinteractionsinpolicingOverlappingVoicesinPoliceRecordsofInterpretedInterviewswithWitnesses法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Suspect’srighttosilence,righttointerpretingservice(assessmentofhisL2linguisticandpragmaticcompetence,bothcomprehensionandproduction(summerschoolcase&thosepresentationsonlegalinterpreting)andrighttolegaladvice:ElicitedImitationasaDetermineroftheNeedforaCourtInterpreter(WilliamEggington,TroyCox&SethWood)LegalInterpretingandtheAdministrationofJusticeinForeigner-relatedCasesinChinaToday:ALongwaytoGo(XinhongZHANG)Silence:Civilrightorsocialprivilege?(GeorginaHeydon)TheConstructionofAdmissionsofFaultthroughAmericanRulesofEvidence:Speech,silence,andsignificanceinthelegalcreationofliability(JanetAinsworth)FakedorTruthfulSecondLanguageProficiency:Assessingclaims(MargaretvanNaerssen)Confessions&Forgiveness:ForensiclinguisticstudiesoftherighttosilenceoutlawedintheCriminalProcedureLawoftheP.R.China;法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Applicability/Usabilityofguidelinesinjudicialsettings:PoliceInterviewingPracticePolicy/Guidelines(esp.incasesinvolvingvulnerablewitnessessuchaschildren,rapevictimsandthe(mentallyorphysically)disabled:The‘AmericansWithDisabilitiesAct’asDiscourseFailure(JillAnderson))vulnerabilityofwitnesses(VulnerableWitnessesinEnglandandWales:Havewenowachievedbestevidence?);ImprovingtheComprehensibilityofPatternJuryInstructions(BethanyDumas)TheConsequencesofFakedComprehensioninInterrogationSettings法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？DeterminationofDisputedMeaning:whatdidthespeakerreallysayandmean?Expertwitnessesworkforpolice,lawyers,legalaidcenters,courtsorclients(incriminalcases,defamationcases,copyrightcases,TMcases,contracts(territory;nosubject;rentforequipmentandconsumables),etc.)(專家確定意義的過程與偵探查案過程類似):‘Theworstthingisthatyoukilledhim’–Pragmaticmeaningsinforensiccontexts(KK)(Comehereman)DuppyingYootsinaDogEatDogWorld,kmt:DeterminingmeaningattheOldBailey(TimGrant)PsychologicalInsightsContributingtoPoliceInterviewingPolicyandPractice(RAYBULL)ExpertWitnesses'RoleinDisputedSpeechPresentationinaNewsReport(ReikoIkeo)法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Languagerights,equality,etc.:Interpretingservicesinalljudicialproceedings(summerschoolcase);equalityb/wtrialparticipants;Internet,email,blogusersneedsomeknowledgeofcontracts:Expertsas'Vulnerable'WitnessesinAustralianAboriginalLandClaimandNativeTitleCases(MichaelWalsh)Non-AdversarialJustice:

Thechangingroleofcourtroomparticipantsinanindigenoussentencingcourt(NatalieStroud)VirtualContracts:EULAsandTOSAs(GailStygall)法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Interpretation/applicationoflaws,regulations,contractsetc.:literalorpragmatic?morality,deceptiveinterpretation–takingadvantageoflinguisticambiguitiesandindeterminaciesorlegalloopholes;purposetest：StatutoryInterpretation,MoralityandtheText(LawrenceSolan)法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Legaldiscourse,powerandcontrolincourtroomdiscourse,policeinterviewetc.:ExpertWitnessTestimony:Negotiatingcontrolovertheevidence;LanguageStruggle

andPowerAbuseThroughDiglossiainaMurderTrial(GiorgosV.Georgiou)FairCommentsinHongKongDefamationCases(LeCheng&WinnieCheng)PoliceInterrogationandIdentityConstruction(NingYeandJixianPang)Law,LanguageandPowerintheAgeofWikiforensics:ThetranscodingofinnocenceandguiltintheMeredithKerchercaseDiscourseofPowerandIdeologyinCriminalCourtsofIranUsingokay

forTaskManagement,SolidarityOverture,andConfrontationinaPoliceInterview法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Legal/CourtinterpretingOverlappingVoicesinPoliceRecordsofInterpretedInterviewswithWitnesses(KarolinaJarmolowska)Garment,orUpper-garment?AMatterofInterpretation?(EvaNg)It'sAsIfYouWerePhysicallyPresent:InterpretersandprisonvideoLinkinthemultilingualcourtroom(YvonneFowler)LegalTranslationandInterpreting,andForensicLinguistics:WhatneedstobechangedinPortugal(AnaPauladaFonsecaLopes)ElicitedImitationasaDetermineroftheNeedforaCourtInterpreter(WilliamEggington,TroyCox&SethWood)LegalInterpretingandtheAdministrationofJusticeinForeigner-relatedCasesinChinaToday:ALongwaytoGo(XinhongZHANG)法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？Deception:TellingtheTruth,theWholetruth,and...AnythingMoreThantheTruth?(ángelaAlmelaSánchez-Lafuente)DetectingDeceptioninItalianCriminalProceedings(TommasoFornaciari)TheFalseReportDuringanEmergencyCall:Usingdiscourseanalysistodetectdeceit(MartyLaforest)IsabelPicornell:TheRake’sProgress:MappingdeceptioninwrittenwitnessstatementsZhanghongXu:APragmaticApproachtoLitigants’DeceptiveStrategiesinReconstructingLegalFactsinChineseCivilCourtGillianGrebler:(False)ConfessionsBecomeCompellingatTrial法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？AuthorshipanalysisExploringthePotentialforFormulaicLanguageasaMarkerofAuthorship(SamuelTomblin)WhoseTweet?AuthorshipAnalysisofMicro-blogsandOtherShortFormMessages(NicciMacLeod&TimGrant)Style,SystemsandGenre:AtheoreticalbaseforstylisticapproachestoauthorshipanalysisUncoveringLinguisticDisguise:Forensiclinguisticanalysisinthree2007stagedsuicideattemptsTheUseofSequencesofLinguisticCategoriesinForensicWrittenTextComparisonRevisited‘Traddutore,Traditore?’:PlagiarismandCopyrightInfringementinMachineTranslationAlltheText’saStage;AndalltheFunctionWordsMerelyPlayers?ACorpus-assistedAnalysisoftheImportanceofSemanticRolesofFunctionWordsinAuthorshipAttributionNativeLanguageIdentification:IdentifyingnativePersianspeakerswritinginEnglish法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？PragmaticsinCourtroomdiscourse:IObject–OrDidI?(MelGreenlee)AComparisonofQuestioning,Turn-takingandCode-switchinginMalaysianSyariahandCommonLawCourts(AzirahHashim&RichardPowell)LinguisticMeaning,PragmaticsandContext:SemanticanalysisofevidenceinadoublehomicidetrialseekingtoweighintentAPragmaticApproachtoLitigants’DeceptiveStrategiesinReconstructingLegalFactsinChineseCivilCourtsTheSpeechActofApology-ACCEPTINGinGermanVictim-offender-mediation法律語言學(xué)家關(guān)注或參與哪些課題和案例？AnalysisofSuicidenotesJessShapero&SueBlackwell:“Therearelettersforyouallonthesideboard”:Whatcanlinguistslearnfrommultiplesuicide-notewriters?DanaRoemling:GenuineandSimulatedSuicideNotesinGerman法律語言學(xué)家面臨哪些困境？他們是如何走出困境來完成各類任務(wù)的(語言學(xué)工具)？任務(wù)急、時(shí)間緊在偵查階段沒有語言學(xué)家參與，錄音轉(zhuǎn)寫由非專業(yè)人士完成，因此能夠參考的語料較少，甚至只有一個(gè)詞語或一句話+雙方的爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)；即使有完整筆錄，也很難根據(jù)上下文做出雙方滿意的推理判斷理解話語所必須的語境和說話人的背景經(jīng)常必須重新建構(gòu)(recontextualize)……法律語言學(xué)家面臨哪些困境？他們是如何走出困境來完成各類任務(wù)的(語言學(xué)工具)？根據(jù)案件的類型，具體問題具體處理，可以說是典型的應(yīng)用語言學(xué)，只要能夠用于幫助確定意義，都可以嘗試采用。例如：確定一件強(qiáng)奸案日記的作者，就采用了母語發(fā)展等理論；房東想趕走房客，于是寫了“I’llsmokeyououtofthehouse”。Isitathreatornot?用了言語行為理論等分析；識(shí)別Allegedsuicidenote的作者：找到suspect可用于對(duì)比的語料，然后采用文體分析、統(tǒng)計(jì)、語用分析、體裁分析、topicanalysis等綜合方法法律語言學(xué)家面臨哪些困境？他們是如何走出困境來完成各類任務(wù)的(語言學(xué)工具)？有些法律語言專家證人則采用比較固定的分析模式，例如RonButters對(duì)intellectualpropertydisputes(特別是其中disputedtrademarks)、不充分的產(chǎn)品說明、欺騙性廣告，喜歡采用四層分析法：句法、語義、語用、符號(hào)學(xué)；對(duì)合同采用三層分析法：句、義、用。確定詞義的方法：字典、internetsourcesofprimarydata、corpus等GenericnessinTMMcSleepv.McDonald’s(sound,meaningnpragmaticcontext)AppStorevAppStorevAppsstoreKresslerslogan:OurcarsareimportedfromDetroit.法律語言學(xué)家面臨哪些困境？他們是如何走出困境來完成各類任務(wù)的(語言學(xué)工具)？Corpuslinguistics:本屆大會(huì)有一個(gè)panel。Corpuslinguistics在法律語言學(xué)中被大量使用：DavidWright:StylisticVariationWithinGenreConventionsintheEnronEmailCorpus:Developingatext-sensitivemethodologyforauthorshipresearchMillicentMurdoch:What’sinaName?AnInvestigationintoAuthorshipAttributionCaraAttenborough:UpsettingtheAppleCart:DevelopingasuitablelinguisticmethodologyforuseintrademarkdisputesClaireBrodley:RepresentationofRapein18thCenturyTrialsinTheProceedingsoftheOldBailey1674-1913WillDickson:SemanticandSyntacticRepresentationsof‘monomania’inVictorianTrialsSurroundingtheMcNaughtenTrial(1843)UpsettingtheAppleCart:Developingasuitablelinguisticmethodologyforuseintrademarkdisputes—CARAATTENBOROUGHAppleInc.andasmallcompanycalledSectorLabsLLCarecurrentlyincourtproceedingstodeterminewhetherthelattercompanycanfeasiblycallitsproductVideoPodwithoutdilutingAppleInc.’siPodtrademark.ThisstudycompiledacorpusofAmericannewspublicationsfrom2000to2010thatfeaturedthelexemepod,todeterminewhetherAppleInc.hastherighttodemandsoleuseofpodinitsproducttrademarks.Collocationalanalysiswasthechiefmethodusedtoanalysethedata.ItwashypothesizedthatifpodandiPodsharedsimilarcollocatesthenthereisconsiderablelikelihoodofconfusionbetweeniPodandtheproposedVideoPod.TheanalysisfoundthelexemesareusedindifferentlinguisticcontextsandthereisnosignificantcollocateoverlapbetweenpodandiPod.Thepaperconcludes,therefore,thatVideoPodshouldbeallowedasatrademark.Forthisanalysistoho